Entry From
Swaziland Ferns and Fern Allies, (2003) Author: J.P. Roux
Common names
Adiantum marginatum Schrad. in Gött. Gel. Anz. 1818: 918 (1818). Type: Cape Province, Hesse s.n. (LE, holo.). Adiantum pseudo-capillus Fée, Mém. foug. 5: 118 (1852). Type: Habitat ad promontorium Bonae Spei, Drège s.n. (missing). Adiantum paradiseae Baker in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 6: 558 (1889); Sim, Ferns S. Afr.: 71 (1892); Sim, Ferns S. Afr., 2nd edn: 246 (1915). Type: Cape Province, Bedford District, Paradise s.n. (K, holo.; PRE, iso.).
capillus-veneris = hair of Venus
Vernacular names: Maidenhair fern, Venus maidenhair; Vrouehaar, Swart vrouehaar (Afr.)
Information
Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome creeping, branched, to 4 mm in diameter, set with roots, spaced stipe bases and scales, scales chartaceus, ferrugineus, sessile, subulate, cordate to hastate, entire to denticulate, apex terminates in a subulate cell, to 5 mm long, to 0.7 mm wide. Fronds to 7 mm apart, erect to arching, or pendent, to 420 mm long; stipe firm, atrocastaneus, nitid, terete, to 215 mm long, to 1.2 mm in diameter, initially sparsely set with scales similar to those on the rhizome, glabrous later; lamina anadromous, ovate to broadly ovate, to 3-pinnate, to 270 mm long, to 240 mm wide, with up to 9 pinna pairs; rachis and lower order axes atrocastaneus, nitid, terete, glabrous; pinnae petiolate, petiole to 23 mm long, alternate, basal pinnae largest, widely spaced, more closely spaced distally, spaced or overlapping, to 2-pinnate, basal pinnae often basiscopically developed, inaequilaterally broadly ovate to narrowly elliptic, to 140 mm long, to 80 mm wide, with up to 6 pinnule pairs; pinnules petiolate, petiole to 8 mm long, alternate, spaced to overlapping, broadly ovate to narrowly elliptic, acroscopic pinnule on the basal pinna to 42 mm long, to 32 mm wide, basiscopic pinnule on basal pinna to 62 mm long, to 40 mm wide; segments petiolate, petioles to 3 mm long, alternate, filiform, thinly herbaceous, glabrous, narrowly to broadly cuneate, to 26 mm long, to 25 mm wide, variously lobed, lobes oblong-obtuse, dentate. Venation flabellately forked, ending in margin in the teeth. Sori borne along outer margin of segment lobes, on soral flaps which veins enter, soral flaps lunate to oblong, to 5 mm long, to 1 mm wide; sporangia confined to veins, sessile, capsule circular to obovate in lateral view, with (17-)21(-22) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (3-)4(-5)-celled, hypostomium (4-)4(-5)-celled, stomium with 4 to 5 narrow cells of which walls are conspicuously thickened. Spores 64 per sporangium, brown, tetrahedral-globose, trilete, rugose, exospore (40-)46.82(-52) (m in equatorial diameter. Figure 20C & D.
Habitat
Ecology: Terrestrial or epilithic, usually on moist banks of perennial streams and wet cliffs in light or deep shade. Not edaphically bound. Hemicryptophyte, mesophyte; fronds mesomorphic. Vegetative reproduction by the creeping, many-branched rhizome. Seasonal pattern nonexistent as the plants generally grow in conditions which sustain continuous growth.
Use
Uses: Sesotho herders use the dark rachises as decorations by weaving them into their grass hats. The dried fronds are also burnt and the smoke inhaled as a cure for head and chest colds (Jacot Guillarmod 1971). The fronds are burnt underground and the smoke is inhaled through a hole in the ground, rather than smoking it through a pipe (Zepp 1982). A tea made from the species is an early Cape remedy for colds and chest ailments (Forbes 1986). Used in Europe to treat inflammation of the mucous membranes, as an ingredient in cough and bronchial medicines, and as a hair tonic (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Widely cultivated as an indoor or garden plant.