Edit History
Strophanthus courmontii Sacl. ex Franch. [family APOCYNACEAE]
Date Updated: 26 July 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 7, Part 2, (1985) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg and F. K. Kupicha et al.
Names
Strophanthus courmontii Sacl. ex Franch. [family APOCYNACEAE], in Journ. Bot., Paris 7: 300 (1893), “courmonti”. — Stapf in F.T.A. 4, 1: 182 (1902). — K. Braun in Pflanzer 6: 292 (1910). — Verdcourt & Trump, Comm. Pois. Pl. E. Afr.: 136 (1969). — Beentje in Meded. Landb. Wag. 82–4: 62, fig. 14, map 12 (1982). TAB. 111. Type from Tanzania.
Strophanthus courmontii var. fallax Holmes [family APOCYNACEAE], in Pharm. Journ. 4, 12: 487 (1901). Type: Malawi, Buchanan 1219 (K, holotype; BM, E, isotypes).
Strophanthus courmontii var. kirkii Holmes [family APOCYNACEAE], loc. cit. Type from Tanzania.
Information
Liana, 5–22 m. high, or less often a sarmentose shrub, 0·60–4 m. high, deciduous with the flowers appearing after the leaves; latex white. Trunk up to 10 cm. in diam. with corky ridges up to 5 cm. long and 1·8 cm. high; branches with corky laterally compressed protuberances at the nodes, later growing into ridges, branchlets glabrous. Leaves petiolate; petiole 3–11 mm. long, lamina dark green above, much paler beneath, elliptic, ovate, or rarely obovate, 1–3·1 times as long as wide, 2·5–13·5 x 2·5–6·5 cm., rounded or cuneate at the base, mucronate or acuninate at the apex (acumen up to 10 mm. long) papyraceous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, 3–7(8) pairs of secondary veins forming an angle of 35-60° with the midrib; tertiary venation conspicuous beneath. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered sessile or pedunculate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous in all parts; pedicels 1–7·5 mm. long; bracts ovate or narrowly ovate, 1·5–4 x 0·8–1·2 mm., acute, not sepal-like. Flowers fragrant, equal or subequal, the outer sometimes shorter and wider than the inner, ovate or narrowly ovate, 2–6 times as long as wide, 3·5–10 x 1·5–3-5 mm., acute or apiculate, glabrous, ciliate, or rarely puberulous; with 2–3 colleters per sepal, colleters rarely forked. Corolla tube white and red, purple-streaked, (22)25–43 mm. long, widening at 1/7-1/3 (2/5) of its length into a cyathiform upper part, at the mouth 17–35 mm. wide, glabrous or less often puberulous outside, puberulous inside; corona lobes 2–6 x 1·2–3·2 mm., puberulous; corolla lobes ovate and gradually narrowing into the acute apex (20)25–57 x 10–27 mm., glabrous or less often puberulous on both sides, but always puberulous inside at the base. Stamens included for 5–16 mm.; filaments straight, 3·5–6 mm. long; anthers 6·5–9 x (1·3) 1·6–2·2 mm., glabrous; acumen 0·8–2 mm. long. Ovary 1·3–2·2 x 2–3·8 mm., glabrous; style 8·8–15·5 mm. long; clavuncula 2·2–3 x 1·9–3 mm., stigma minute. Follicles divergent at an angle of 160–200°, tapering into a broad or narrow obtuse apex, 12–26 cm. long and 3–4·5 cm. in diameter; exocarp grey-black or purplish-black, thick and hard, glabrous, very densely lenticellate. Seeds with the grain 10–15 x 2·2–4 x 1 mm., densely pubescent; rostrum glabrous for 15–52 mm. and bearing a coma for 17–35 mm.; coma 36–70 mm. long.
Habitat
In riverine forest and thickets.
Distribution
Mozambique GI Cubane, 5.i. 1905, Le Testu 545 (BM; BR; P).Mozambique MS Sambanke, between Mutarara de Lucite and Dombe, 13.x.1953, Gomes Pedro 4300 (K; LISJC; PRE).Mozambique T Mecangádzi R., Cahora Bassa, 9.xi.1973, Correia et al. 3768 (B).Mozambique Z Mocuba, Namagoa plantation, Faulkner in GHS 11733 (BR; K; LISJC; NY; S; SRGH).Mozambique M Ribáuè area, 1948, Andrada 1407 (BM; COI; LISC).Malawi S Mulanje Distr., Tuchila For. Res., 1.x.1950, Bain 1 (K; NY).Zimbabwe E Chimanimani Distr., Lusitu R. valley below Glencoe For. Res., x.1966, Goldsmith 85/66 (BR; K; L; LISC; M; MO; PRE; SRGH).Zambia E Lutembwe R. gorge, E, of Machinje Hills, 13.x.1958, Robson & Angus 93 (BM; BR; K; LISC; PRE; SRGH).Mozambique N Amaramba, between Lúrio and Mepanhira, 19.x.1948, Pedro & Pedrogão 5567 (NY; PRE).Malawi N Likoma Isl., LakeMalawi (Nyasa), viii.1887, Bellingham (BM).Zimbabwe N Zambezi R. bank, W. of Mana Pools Game’Res., 26.x.1963, West 4575 (K; SRGH).Zambia C Feira, 5.xii.1968, Fanshawe 10465 (K; SRGH).
Distribution (external)
Kenya
Tanzania
Notes
Flowering at the end of the dry season and to some extent in the rainy season; mature fruits towards the end of the rainy season.
Date Updated: 26 July 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 7, Part 2, (1985) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg and F. K. Kupicha et al.
Names
Strophanthus courmontii Sacl. ex Franch. [family APOCYNACEAE], in Journ. Bot., Paris 7: 300 (1893), “courmonti”. — Stapf in F.T.A. 4, 1: 182 (1902). — K. Braun in Pflanzer 6: 292 (1910). — Verdcourt & Trump, Comm. Pois. Pl. E. Afr.: 136 (1969). — Beentje in Meded. Landb. Wag. 82–4: 62, fig. 14, map 12 (1982). TAB. 111. Type from Tanzania.
Strophanthus courmontii var. fallax Holmes [family APOCYNACEAE], in Pharm. Journ. 4, 12: 487 (1901). Type: Malawi, Buchanan 1219 (K, holotype; BM, E, isotypes).
Strophanthus courmontii var. kirkii Holmes [family APOCYNACEAE], loc. cit. Type from Tanzania.
Information
Liana, 5–22 m. high, or less often a sarmentose shrub, 0·60–4 m. high, deciduous with the flowers appearing after the leaves; latex white. Trunk up to 10 cm. in diam. with corky ridges up to 5 cm. long and 1·8 cm. high; branches with corky laterally compressed protuberances at the nodes, later growing into ridges, branchlets glabrous. Leaves petiolate; petiole 3–11 mm. long, lamina dark green above, much paler beneath, elliptic, ovate, or rarely obovate, 1–3·1 times as long as wide, 2·5–13·5 x 2·5–6·5 cm., rounded or cuneate at the base, mucronate or acuninate at the apex (acumen up to 10 mm. long) papyraceous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, 3–7(8) pairs of secondary veins forming an angle of 35-60° with the midrib; tertiary venation conspicuous beneath. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered sessile or pedunculate, glabrous or sparsely puberulous in all parts; pedicels 1–7·5 mm. long; bracts ovate or narrowly ovate, 1·5–4 x 0·8–1·2 mm., acute, not sepal-like. Flowers fragrant, equal or subequal, the outer sometimes shorter and wider than the inner, ovate or narrowly ovate, 2–6 times as long as wide, 3·5–10 x 1·5–3-5 mm., acute or apiculate, glabrous, ciliate, or rarely puberulous; with 2–3 colleters per sepal, colleters rarely forked. Corolla tube white and red, purple-streaked, (22)25–43 mm. long, widening at 1/7-1/3 (2/5) of its length into a cyathiform upper part, at the mouth 17–35 mm. wide, glabrous or less often puberulous outside, puberulous inside; corona lobes 2–6 x 1·2–3·2 mm., puberulous; corolla lobes ovate and gradually narrowing into the acute apex (20)25–57 x 10–27 mm., glabrous or less often puberulous on both sides, but always puberulous inside at the base. Stamens included for 5–16 mm.; filaments straight, 3·5–6 mm. long; anthers 6·5–9 x (1·3) 1·6–2·2 mm., glabrous; acumen 0·8–2 mm. long. Ovary 1·3–2·2 x 2–3·8 mm., glabrous; style 8·8–15·5 mm. long; clavuncula 2·2–3 x 1·9–3 mm., stigma minute. Follicles divergent at an angle of 160–200°, tapering into a broad or narrow obtuse apex, 12–26 cm. long and 3–4·5 cm. in diameter; exocarp grey-black or purplish-black, thick and hard, glabrous, very densely lenticellate. Seeds with the grain 10–15 x 2·2–4 x 1 mm., densely pubescent; rostrum glabrous for 15–52 mm. and bearing a coma for 17–35 mm.; coma 36–70 mm. long.
Habitat
In riverine forest and thickets.
Distribution
Mozambique GI Cubane, 5.i. 1905, Le Testu 545 (BM; BR; P).Mozambique MS Sambanke, between Mutarara de Lucite and Dombe, 13.x.1953, Gomes Pedro 4300 (K; LISJC; PRE).Mozambique T Mecangádzi R., Cahora Bassa, 9.xi.1973, Correia et al. 3768 (B).Mozambique Z Mocuba, Namagoa plantation, Faulkner in GHS 11733 (BR; K; LISJC; NY; S; SRGH).Mozambique M Ribáuè area, 1948, Andrada 1407 (BM; COI; LISC).Malawi S Mulanje Distr., Tuchila For. Res., 1.x.1950, Bain 1 (K; NY).Zimbabwe E Chimanimani Distr., Lusitu R. valley below Glencoe For. Res., x.1966, Goldsmith 85/66 (BR; K; L; LISC; M; MO; PRE; SRGH).Zambia E Lutembwe R. gorge, E, of Machinje Hills, 13.x.1958, Robson & Angus 93 (BM; BR; K; LISC; PRE; SRGH).Mozambique N Amaramba, between Lúrio and Mepanhira, 19.x.1948, Pedro & Pedrogão 5567 (NY; PRE).Malawi N Likoma Isl., LakeMalawi (Nyasa), viii.1887, Bellingham (BM).Zimbabwe N Zambezi R. bank, W. of Mana Pools Game’Res., 26.x.1963, West 4575 (K; SRGH).Zambia C Feira, 5.xii.1968, Fanshawe 10465 (K; SRGH).
Distribution (external)
Kenya
Tanzania
Notes
Flowering at the end of the dry season and to some extent in the rainy season; mature fruits towards the end of the rainy season.
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