Edit History
HAPLOCOELUM inoploeum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE]
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1998) Author: DAVIES & B. VERDCOURT
Names
HAPLOCOELUM inoploeum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 337 (1878) & in P.O.A.C.: 251 (1895) & in V.E. 3(2): 278 (1921); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 883 (1934); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 512 (1960); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419, map (1994). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, 1847–1852, Boivin (P, holo.)
Pistaciopsis wakefieldii Engl. [family ], in E.J. 32: 125 (1902) & in E.J. 34: 157 (1904). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, Wakefield pro parte (B†, holo., K!, iso.)
Haplocoelum trigonocarpum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 20: 249 (1890) & in P.O.A. C: 251 (1895); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 884 (1932); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 514 (1961); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419 (1994). Type: Tanzania, Uzaramo District, Dar es Salaam, Kirk (K!, lecto.)
Haplocoelum wakefieldii (Engl.) Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Result. Sci. Miss. Stef.-Paoli, Coll. Bot.: 207 (1916)
Filicium somalense Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Fl. Somala 2: 143, fig. 94 (1932). Type: Somalia, Bur Gao, Senni 110 (FT, holo.)
Information
Semideciduous or ± evergreen shrub or small tree 2.4–15 m. tall, occasionally reported to be subscandent with stout interlacing grey-brown branches, with shoots sparsely to densely brownish-pubescent at first, later glabrescent; bark grey, grey-brown or blackish, smooth to rough, somewhat fissured, flaking or peeling in irregular patches; wood very hard. Leaves tufted on short shoots; rhachis 0.4–3(–4) cm. long, narrowly winged, sparsely to densely pubescent; petioles 1–1.1 cm. long; petiolules 0.1–2 mm. long, pubescent; leaflets yellow-green in 1–2(–3) pairs, opposite or not, oblong, ovate, round or elliptic, 0.5–11.5 cm. long, 1–5.7 cm. wide, obtuse and ± emarginate at the apex, asymmetrically obtuse or acute at base with one side convex and the other concave, glabrous; lateral nerves in 8–15 pairs, the venation finely reticulate above. Flowers white, cream, yellow or greenish, sweet-scented in clusters of cymes in the leaf-axils, or often appearing on short shoots before the leaves; pedicels 2–9 mm. long. Male flowers: sepals linear-lanceolate or oblong, 1–1.5 mm. long, pubescent; stamens 5, much exserted, glabrous. Female flowers: staminodes short; ovary very acutely trigonous, glabrous; stigma 3-fid. Fruit red, orange or yellow, ellipsoidal, at first trigonous, usually becoming rounded at maturity but some retain 2–3 blunt keels particularly near the style base, 1.2–2 cm. long, 0.6–1.2 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous, not truly dehiscent but breaking irregularly. Seeds brown, irregularly ovoid or ellipsoid, 7.5–13 mm. long, 4–9 mm. wide.
Range
DISTR. K 7; T 3, 6, 8; P
Altitude range
0–600 m.
Distribution
KENYA Kwale District Jadini Hotel grounds, 3 Dec. 1959, Greenway 9622!KENYA Kilifi District Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, 21 Apr. 1985, S.A. Robertson 3866!KENYA Tana River District 48 km. S. of Garsen, Kurawa, 28 Oct. 1961, Polhill & Paulo 671!TANZANIA Tanga District Sawa, 3 Apr. 1956, Faulkner 1831! & 1832!TANZANIA Pangani District 30 km. SW. of Pangani, Msubugwe Forest Reserve, 17 Mar. 1950, Verdcourt 118!TANZANIA Uzaramo District 11 km. N. of Dar es Salaam, Kawe, 15 Jan. 1971, B.J. Harris & Jones 5550!TANZANIA Pemba , Pembe I., 11 Oct. 1929, Vaughan 721!
Distribution (external)
; S. Somalia
Notes
H. inoploeum and H. trigonocarpum have always been maintained as separate species one having ovoid fruits, the other trigonous ones. The identical facies of the two supposed species and the absence of any female flowering specimens with ovoid ovaries (which might have been expected in an ovoid-fruited species) aroused my suspicions. Faulkner 1832 has both ovoid and trigonous fruits mixed and it is clear that the angles are lost when the fruit is completely ripe or only obscure ribs remain. Many specimens have the ribbing obscure and were treated as dubiously one species or the other and all specimens with female flowers were automatically determined as H. trigonocarpum since the ovary is always trigonous. Male specimens were sorted about equally between the two. The hard wood is used for walking sticks and clubs.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1998) Author: DAVIES & B. VERDCOURT
Names
HAPLOCOELUM inoploeum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 337 (1878) & in P.O.A.C.: 251 (1895) & in V.E. 3(2): 278 (1921); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 883 (1934); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 512 (1960); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419, map (1994). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, 1847–1852, Boivin (P, holo.)
Pistaciopsis wakefieldii Engl. [family ], in E.J. 32: 125 (1902) & in E.J. 34: 157 (1904). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, Wakefield pro parte (B†, holo., K!, iso.)
Haplocoelum trigonocarpum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 20: 249 (1890) & in P.O.A. C: 251 (1895); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 884 (1932); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 514 (1961); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419 (1994). Type: Tanzania, Uzaramo District, Dar es Salaam, Kirk (K!, lecto.)
Haplocoelum wakefieldii (Engl.) Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Result. Sci. Miss. Stef.-Paoli, Coll. Bot.: 207 (1916)
Filicium somalense Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Fl. Somala 2: 143, fig. 94 (1932). Type: Somalia, Bur Gao, Senni 110 (FT, holo.)
Information
Semideciduous or ± evergreen shrub or small tree 2.4–15 m. tall, occasionally reported to be subscandent with stout interlacing grey-brown branches, with shoots sparsely to densely brownish-pubescent at first, later glabrescent; bark grey, grey-brown or blackish, smooth to rough, somewhat fissured, flaking or peeling in irregular patches; wood very hard. Leaves tufted on short shoots; rhachis 0.4–3(–4) cm. long, narrowly winged, sparsely to densely pubescent; petioles 1–1.1 cm. long; petiolules 0.1–2 mm. long, pubescent; leaflets yellow-green in 1–2(–3) pairs, opposite or not, oblong, ovate, round or elliptic, 0.5–11.5 cm. long, 1–5.7 cm. wide, obtuse and ± emarginate at the apex, asymmetrically obtuse or acute at base with one side convex and the other concave, glabrous; lateral nerves in 8–15 pairs, the venation finely reticulate above. Flowers white, cream, yellow or greenish, sweet-scented in clusters of cymes in the leaf-axils, or often appearing on short shoots before the leaves; pedicels 2–9 mm. long. Male flowers: sepals linear-lanceolate or oblong, 1–1.5 mm. long, pubescent; stamens 5, much exserted, glabrous. Female flowers: staminodes short; ovary very acutely trigonous, glabrous; stigma 3-fid. Fruit red, orange or yellow, ellipsoidal, at first trigonous, usually becoming rounded at maturity but some retain 2–3 blunt keels particularly near the style base, 1.2–2 cm. long, 0.6–1.2 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous, not truly dehiscent but breaking irregularly. Seeds brown, irregularly ovoid or ellipsoid, 7.5–13 mm. long, 4–9 mm. wide.
Range
DISTR. K 7; T 3, 6, 8; P
Altitude range
0–600 m.
Distribution
KENYA Kwale District Jadini Hotel grounds, 3 Dec. 1959, Greenway 9622!KENYA Kilifi District Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, 21 Apr. 1985, S.A. Robertson 3866!KENYA Tana River District 48 km. S. of Garsen, Kurawa, 28 Oct. 1961, Polhill & Paulo 671!TANZANIA Tanga District Sawa, 3 Apr. 1956, Faulkner 1831! & 1832!TANZANIA Pangani District 30 km. SW. of Pangani, Msubugwe Forest Reserve, 17 Mar. 1950, Verdcourt 118!TANZANIA Uzaramo District 11 km. N. of Dar es Salaam, Kawe, 15 Jan. 1971, B.J. Harris & Jones 5550!TANZANIA Pemba , Pembe I., 11 Oct. 1929, Vaughan 721!
Distribution (external)
; S. Somalia
Notes
H. inoploeum and H. trigonocarpum have always been maintained as separate species one having ovoid fruits, the other trigonous ones. The identical facies of the two supposed species and the absence of any female flowering specimens with ovoid ovaries (which might have been expected in an ovoid-fruited species) aroused my suspicions. Faulkner 1832 has both ovoid and trigonous fruits mixed and it is clear that the angles are lost when the fruit is completely ripe or only obscure ribs remain. Many specimens have the ribbing obscure and were treated as dubiously one species or the other and all specimens with female flowers were automatically determined as H. trigonocarpum since the ovary is always trigonous. Male specimens were sorted about equally between the two. The hard wood is used for walking sticks and clubs.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1998) Author: DAVIES & B. VERDCOURT
Names
HAPLOCOELUM inoploeum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 337 (1878) & in P.O.A.C.: 251 (1895) & in V.E. 3(2): 278 (1921); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 883 (1934); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 512 (1960); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419, map (1994). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, 1847–1852, Boivin (P, holo.)
Pistaciopsis wakefieldii Engl. [family ], in E.J. 32: 125 (1902) & in E.J. 34: 157 (1904). Type: Kenya, Mombasa, Wakefield pro parte (B†, holo., K!, iso.)
Haplocoelum trigonocarpum Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE], in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. München 20: 249 (1890) & in P.O.A. C: 251 (1895); Bullock in K.B. 1931: 355 (1931); Radlk. in E.P. IV, 165: 884 (1932); T.T.C.L.: 558 (1949); K.T.S.: 514 (1961); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 58 (1980); Beentje, K.T.S.L.: 419 (1994). Type: Tanzania, Uzaramo District, Dar es Salaam, Kirk (K!, lecto.)
Haplocoelum wakefieldii (Engl.) Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Result. Sci. Miss. Stef.-Paoli, Coll. Bot.: 207 (1916)
Filicium somalense Chiov. [family SAPINDACEAE], Fl. Somala 2: 143, fig. 94 (1932). Type: Somalia, Bur Gao, Senni 110 (FT, holo.)
Information
Semideciduous or ± evergreen shrub or small tree 2.4–15 m. tall, occasionally reported to be subscandent with stout interlacing grey-brown branches, with shoots sparsely to densely brownish-pubescent at first, later glabrescent; bark grey, grey-brown or blackish, smooth to rough, somewhat fissured, flaking or peeling in irregular patches; wood very hard. Leaves tufted on short shoots; rhachis 0.4–3(–4) cm. long, narrowly winged, sparsely to densely pubescent; petioles 1–1.1 cm. long; petiolules 0.1–2 mm. long, pubescent; leaflets yellow-green in 1–2(–3) pairs, opposite or not, oblong, ovate, round or elliptic, 0.5–11.5 cm. long, 1–5.7 cm. wide, obtuse and ± emarginate at the apex, asymmetrically obtuse or acute at base with one side convex and the other concave, glabrous; lateral nerves in 8–15 pairs, the venation finely reticulate above. Flowers white, cream, yellow or greenish, sweet-scented in clusters of cymes in the leaf-axils, or often appearing on short shoots before the leaves; pedicels 2–9 mm. long. Male flowers: sepals linear-lanceolate or oblong, 1–1.5 mm. long, pubescent; stamens 5, much exserted, glabrous. Female flowers: staminodes short; ovary very acutely trigonous, glabrous; stigma 3-fid. Fruit red, orange or yellow, ellipsoidal, at first trigonous, usually becoming rounded at maturity but some retain 2–3 blunt keels particularly near the style base, 1.2–2 cm. long, 0.6–1.2 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous, not truly dehiscent but breaking irregularly. Seeds brown, irregularly ovoid or ellipsoid, 7.5–13 mm. long, 4–9 mm. wide.
Range
DISTR. K 7; T 3, 6, 8; P
Altitude range
0–600 m.
Distribution
KENYA Kwale District Jadini Hotel grounds, 3 Dec. 1959, Greenway 9622!KENYA Kilifi District Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, 21 Apr. 1985, S.A. Robertson 3866!KENYA Tana River District 48 km. S. of Garsen, Kurawa, 28 Oct. 1961, Polhill & Paulo 671!TANZANIA Tanga District Sawa, 3 Apr. 1956, Faulkner 1831! & 1832!TANZANIA Pangani District 30 km. SW. of Pangani, Msubugwe Forest Reserve, 17 Mar. 1950, Verdcourt 118!TANZANIA Uzaramo District 11 km. N. of Dar es Salaam, Kawe, 15 Jan. 1971, B.J. Harris & Jones 5550!TANZANIA Pemba , Pembe I., 11 Oct. 1929, Vaughan 721!
Distribution (external)
; S. Somalia
Notes
H. inoploeum and H. trigonocarpum have always been maintained as separate species one having ovoid fruits, the other trigonous ones. The identical facies of the two supposed species and the absence of any female flowering specimens with ovoid ovaries (which might have been expected in an ovoid-fruited species) aroused my suspicions. Faulkner 1832 has both ovoid and trigonous fruits mixed and it is clear that the angles are lost when the fruit is completely ripe or only obscure ribs remain. Many specimens have the ribbing obscure and were treated as dubiously one species or the other and all specimens with female flowers were automatically determined as H. trigonocarpum since the ovary is always trigonous. Male specimens were sorted about equally between the two. The hard wood is used for walking sticks and clubs.
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