Entry From
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
Common names
A. mossambicensis Bolle in Peters, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1 : 5 (1861). Type: Mozambique, Rios de Sena and R. Chimazo, W. of Tete, Peters (B, ? syn. f). Prosopis ? kirkii Oliv. in F.T.A. 2 : 332 (1871). Type: Malawi, Shire River, Kirk (K, holo.!). Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14 : 876 (1934); Aubrev., Fl. For. Soud. Guin. 280, t.51/3, t.53/6 (1950); Gilbert & Boutique in F.C.B. 3 : 169 (1952). Type as for Acacia albida Del.
Information
Tree to 30 m high; trunk to 2 m diam.; crown rounded, branches spreading and frequently drooping to the ground in mature trees, young plants often irregularly branched and spindle-like. Bark dark brown to greenish-grey or ashen, rough; young branch-lets greenish-white or ashen, subglabrous to pubescent. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, up to 3,2 cm long, straight or slightly curved, greenish-white to light grey-brown, tips often reddish-brown when young; no prickles below the stipules. Leaves: petiole 0,5-3,7 cm long, adaxial gland absent; rhachis (1,3) 3-6(7,5) cm long, subglabrous or puberulous, with a single conspicuous gland at the junction of each of the 2(3)-10 pairs of pinnae; rhachillae (1,5)2,5-5,5(8,9) cm long; leaflets grey-green, 6-23 pairs per pinna, (2,5)4,5-9(13) x 0,75-3(5) mm, linear or linear-oblong to slightly obovate-oblong, apex rounded to subacute or mucronate, margin with or without white ciliolate hairs, glabrous or sparingly to densely appressed-pubescent ab- and/or adaxially. Inflorescences spicate, usually produced singly in the axil of a leaf, collectively forming a terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers yellowish-white to pale cream, sessile or to 0,5(2) mm pedicellate; spikes 3,5-15,7 cm long; peduncles (0,8) 2-4(6,3) cm long, subglabrous to pubescent. Calyx campanulate, glabrous to pubescent, tube 0,5-1,8 mm long, lobes 0,3-0,7 mm long. Corolla often a delicate pink inside basally, tube 0,8-2,5 mm long, lobes divided almost to the base, up to 3 mm long, glabrous to pubescent. Stamen-filaments 4-6 mm long, shortly connate basally for ± 1 mm; anthers 0,2-0,4 mm across, eglandular even in bud. Ovary 0,7-1,4 mm long, shortly stipitate, pilose; style glabrous or subglabrous. Pods bright orange to reddish-brown, falcate or curled into a circular coil or variously twisted, indehiscent, thick, 6-35 X (1,4)2-3,5(4,5) cm, glabrous or very rarely puberulous. Seeds light to dark brown, 9-12 x 4-8 mm, elliptic-lenticular; areole 7-9 x 4-6 mm, elliptic-lenticular.
Habitat
A. albida displays a number of unusual characÂters, some of which are peculiar to this species alone amongst the African acacias. A. albida differs in having eglandular petioles but a gland on the rhachis at the junction of each pair of pinnae, stamen-filaments which are shortly connate basally, large anthers which are eglandular even when in bud, and typically falcate or spirally coiled indehiscent pods. However, each of these characters may be found in other species of Acacia although in no other species are all of these characters associated together. Chevalier in Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14 : 876 (1934) considered the species to be sufficiently distinct from all others to transfer it to the monotypic genus Faidherbia.
Use
1. Acacia albida Del, Fl. Egypte Expl. Planches : 286, t.52, fig. 3 (1813); DC, Prodr. 2 : 459 (1825); Oliv. in F.T.A. 2 : 339 (1871); Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 30 : 515 (1875); Engl, in Bot. Jahrb. 10 : 20 (1888); Marloth in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. 5 : 271 (1893); Schinz in Mem. Herb. Boiss. 1 : 104 (1900); Sim, For. Fl. P.E. Afr. 54, t.34 (1909); Dinter, Fl. Deutsch-Sudwest-Afrika 74(1909); Dinter, Veg. Veldkost Deutsch-Stidwest-Afrikas 32 (1912); Harms in Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 3, 1 : 376, fig. 220 (1915); Glover in Ann. Bolus Herb. 1 : 146, t.18/12 (1915); Bak.f., Leg. Trop. Afr. 3 : 825 (1930); Burtt Davy, Fl. Transv. 2 : 335 (1932); Ponninghaus in J.S.W. Afr. Sci. Soc. 6 : 12 (1933); Boss, Pflanzenleben Sudwestafrika's 30 (1934); Henkel, Woody PI. Natal 232 (1934); Stapleton, Common Transv. Trees" 5 (1937); Hutch., Botanist in S. Afr. 391, 392 (1946); Codd, Trees & Shrubs Kruger Nat. Park 38, fig. 32 (1951); O. B. Miller in J.S. Afr. Bot. 18:18 (1952); Young in Candollea 15 : 89
Range
Widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa from Senegal, Gambia and Egypt southwards to South West Africa, Botswana, the Transvaal and Natal (Tongaland). Found usually on alluvial floodplains, in riverine fringing vegetation, on the margins of pans or swamps or, in more arid localities, along dry watercourses or where a fairly high water table exists.