Uses

Medicines: generally healing (bark-sap) Medicines: eye treatments (bark-sap) Medicines: ear treatments (root) Medicines: pulmonary troubles (root) Medicines: stomach troubles (bark, root, seed) Medicines: laxatives, etc. (leaf) Medicines: liver, etc. (root) Medicines: kidneys, diuretics (root) Medicines: menstrual cycle (root) Medicines: abortifacients, ecbolics (bark, root) Medicines: venereal diseases (bark, root, seed) Medicines: fabrifuges (root) Medicines: leprosy (bark, root) Medicines: dropsy, swellings, oedema, gout (leaf-bud) Medicines: antidotes (venomous stings, bites, etc.) (leaf-sap) Medicines: arteries, veins (all parts) Phytochemistry: glycosides, saponims, steroids (wood-ash) Phytochemistry: soap and substitutes (all parts) Phytochemistry: alkaloids Agri-horticulture: indicators (soil, water) (wood-ash) Products: dyes, stains, inks, tattoos and mordants (leaf) Products: tobacco, snuff (wood) Products: carpentry and related applications (trunk, branches) Products: farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus (leaf) Products: abrasives, cleaners, etc.