Information

Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome short-decumbent, closely branched, densely set with roots, crowded stipe bases, hairs, and scales, hairs pluricellular, uniseriate, terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 3 mm long, scales concolorous or bicolorous, concolorous scales chartaceus, ferrugineus, bicolorous scales with a crustaceous, castaneus central region, margins chartaceus, ferrugineus, adnate, subulate, apex terminates in a subulate cell or a thin-walled pyriform cell, to 10 mm long, to 1 mm wide. Fronds crowded, caespitose, erect, to 410 mm long, up to 12 per plant; stipe rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, to 150 mm long, to 2 mm in diameter, initially set with hairs and scales similar to those on the rhizome, glabrous later; lamina anadromous, firmly herbaceous to coriaceus, ovate to deltate, to 3-pinnate, to 340 mm long, to 145 mm wide, with up to 13 pinna pairs; rachis and lower order axes rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, glabrous; pinnae petiolate, petiole to 13 mm long, alternate, proximally more widely spaced than distally, overlapping, to 2-pinnate, lower pinnae often basiscopically developed, ovate to rectangular-acute, to 110 mm long, to 50 mm wide, with up to 6 pinnule pairs; pinnules petiolate, petiole to 5 mm long, alternate, spaced to overlapping, to 1-pinnate, ovate, to 45 mm long, to 22 mm wide, with up to 2 segment pairs; segments petiolate, petiole to 1.5 mm long, coriaceus, usually glaucous, alternate, cordate, hastate or pentagonal, entire, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, to 20 mm long, to 20 mm wide, articulated. Venation obscure, repeatedly forked, free in sterile segments. Sori form a continuous line along a marginal vascular commissure; receptacle with 3 to 4-celled, clavate paraphyses, to 0.3 mm long; sporangium long-stalked, simple, 3-seriate below capsule, capsule obovate in lateral view, with (13-)15(-16) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (5-)6(-7)-celled, hypostomium (3-)3(-5)-celled, stomium with 4 to 5 narrow cells with conspicuously thickened walls; indusium membranous, continuous, marginal, entire to shallowly crenulate, to 0.4 mm wide. Spores 32 per sporangium, brown, globose, trilete, rugulose, exospore (46-)52.1(-56) (m in equatorial diameter. Figure 19A & B.

Information

Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome short-decumbent, closely branched, densely set with roots, crowded stipe bases, hairs, and scales, hairs pluricellular, uniseriate, terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 3 mm long, scales concolorous or bicolorous, concolorous scales chartaceus, ferrugineus, bicolorous scales with a crustaceous, castaneus central region, margins chartaceus, ferrugineus, adnate, subulate, apex terminates in a subulate cell or a thin-walled pyriform cell, to 10 mm long, to 1 mm wide. Fronds crowded, caespitose, erect, to 410 mm long, up to 12 per plant; stipe rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, to 150 mm long, to 2 mm in diameter, initially set with hairs and scales similar to those on the rhizome, glabrous later; lamina anadromous, firmly herbaceous to coriaceus, ovate to deltate, to 3-pinnate, to 340 mm long, to 145 mm wide, with up to 13 pinna pairs; rachis and lower order axes rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, glabrous; pinnae petiolate, petiole to 13 mm long, alternate, proximally more widely spaced than distally, overlapping, to 2-pinnate, lower pinnae often basiscopically developed, ovate to rectangular-acute, to 110 mm long, to 50 mm wide, with up to 6 pinnule pairs; pinnules petiolate, petiole to 5 mm long, alternate, spaced to overlapping, to 1-pinnate, ovate, to 45 mm long, to 22 mm wide, with up to 2 segment pairs; segments petiolate, petiole to 1.5 mm long, coriaceus, usually glaucous, alternate, cordate, hastate or pentagonal, entire, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, to 20 mm long, to 20 mm wide, articulated. Venation obscure, repeatedly forked, free in sterile segments. Sori form a continuous line along a marginal vascular commissure; receptacle with 3 to 4-celled, clavate paraphyses, to 0.3 mm long; sporangium long-stalked, simple, 3-seriate below capsule, capsule obovate in lateral view, with (13-)15(-16) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (5-)6(-7)-celled, hypostomium (3-)3(-5)-celled, stomium with 4 to 5 narrow cells with conspicuously thickened walls; indusium membranous, continuous, marginal, entire to shallowly crenulate, to 0.4 mm wide. Spores 32 per sporangium, brown, globose, trilete, rugulose, exospore (46-)52.1(-56) (m in equatorial diameter. Figure 19A & B.