Edit History
Salix subserrata Willd. [family SALICACEAE]
Date Updated: 26 July 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 9, Part 6, page 120, (1991) Author: C. M. Wilmot-Dear
Names
Salix woodii var. wilmsii Seemen Skan [family SALICACEAE], in F.C. 5, 2: 578 (1925).
Salix hutchinsii Skan [family SALICACEAE], in Bull. Misc. Inf., Kew 1917: 235 (1917); in F.T.A. 6, 2: 320 (1917). —Eggeling & Dale, Indig. Trees Uganda, ed. 2: 370 (1952). —Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees & Shrubs: 494 (1961). Type from Kenya.
Salix crateradenia Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27, Beibl. 64: 9 (1900). —Burtt Davy in J. Ecol. 10: 69 (1922). —Skan in F.C. 5, 2: 578 (1925). Type: Botswana (1896), Passarge 41 (?B†). The type specimen cannot be traced.
Salix wilmsii Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 27, Beibl. 64: 9 (1900). —Burtt Davy in J. Ecol. 10: 71, t. 1, fig. 1–3 (1922). Type from S. Africa (Transvaal).
Salix ramiflora Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 23, Beibl. 57: 45 (1897). —Skan in F.T.A. 6, 2: 318 (1917). Type from Angola.
Salix nigritina Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 23, Beibl. 57: 46 (1897). —Skan in F.T.A. 6, 2: 318 (1917). Type from Angola.
Salix huillensis Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 23, Beibl. 57: 45 (1897). —Engl., Pflanzen. Afr. 3, 1: 7 (1915). Type from Angola.
Salix woodii Seemen [family SALICACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 21, Beibl. 53: 53 (1896). —Burtt Davy in J. Ecol. 10: 71, t. 1 fig. 4–6 (1922). —Skan in F.C. 5, 2: 577 (1925). —von Breitenbach, Indig. Trees S. Afr. 2: 70 (1965). Type from S. Africa (Natal).
Salix octandra Sieb. ex A. Rich. [family SALICACEAE], Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 276 (1851). Type from Ethiopia.
Salix safsaf Forssk. ex Trautv. [family SALICACEAE], Salic.: 6, t. 2 (1836). —Thonner, Fl. Pl. Afr.: 161, t. 28 (1915). —Skan in F.T.A. 6, 2: 318 (1917). —Burtt Davy in J. Ecol. 10: 71 (1922); Fl. Pl. Ferns Transvaal 2: 432 (1932). Type as for S. subserrata.
Salix subserrata Willd. [family SALICACEAE], Sp. Pl. 4: 671 (1806). —Brenan, Check-list For. Trees Shrubs Tang. Terr.: 546 (1949). —F.W. Andr, Fl. Pl. Anglo-Egypt. Sudan 2: 250 (1952). —Meikle in F.W.T.A. ed. 2, 1: 588 (1954). —F. White, F.F.N.R.: 20 (1962). —von Breitenbach, Indig. Trees S. Afr.2: 70 (1965). —Friedr.-Holz. in Merxm., Prodr. Fl. SW. Afr. 14 (1967). —Palmer & Pitman, Trees of S. Afr. 1: 413, 415 (1972). —K. Coates Palgrave, Trees Southern Africa: 92, t. 14 (1977). —Wilmot-Dear in F.T.E.A., Salicaceae: 1 (1985). —Meikle in Fl. Ethiopia 3: 258 (1989). TAB. 37. Type from Egypt.
Information
Deciduous shrub or small tree 2–10 m. high, much-branched; branches spreading and pendulous, rather brittle. Woody stems dark red-brown or black, shallowly longitudinally furrowed, glabrous or more rarely with short fine light brown ± erect hairs and few inconspicuous small pale lenticels; young stems lighter, often densely short-hairy. Leaves alternate, 11–15 x 2–3.5 cm., narrowly- to linear-elliptic, on juvenile or late season non-flowering growth, and 2–8(12) x 0.5–1.5 cm., linear-obovate sometimes linear-elliptic on mature growth; apex acute sometimes acuminate, mucronate; base cuneate, margin subentire to crenate, serrate or biserrate; lamina chartaceous, markedly discolorous, midgreen above and pale usually glaucous beneath, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy on midrib and sometimes both surfaces; primary veins often reddish, rather indistinct, 7–13 pairs arching and joining near the margin, often with intermediate shorter finer veins, reticulate venation prominulous above hardly visible beneath; petiole 3–15 mm. long often reddish, glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy as on stem. Stipules minute, suborbicular, 0.2–0.3 x 0.4 mm., irregularly 3-lobed, soon caducous. Catkins terminal on short axillary branches. Male inflorescence 3–9 cm. long, axis fairly stout with abundant long fine tangled hairs. Male flowers (20) 40 or more, spirally arranged, sessile, each subtended by an ovate densely long-hairy greenish-yellow bract 1.5–2.5 mm. long with a rounded or 3-toothed apex; disk divided into 2 unequal, fleshy, ± ovoid, entire or irregularly-lobed glands, 0.7–1.1 mm. long; stamens (5)6–8, filaments 3–5.5 mm. long, hairy mainly in the lower half, anthers rather shortly oblong, 0.2–0.5 x 0.3–0.5 mm. Female inflorescence 1.5–8 cm. long; flowers 15–30 (or more), each subtended by a persistent ovate or obovate acute bract 2–3.5 mm. long, pubescent as in male but more sparsely so on upper surface; disk a minute, usually 5-lobed, fleshy ± horseshoe-shaped, almost cup-like gland surrounding the stipe base; stipe 0.5–1.5 mm. long, glabrous; ovary 2–2.5 mm. long, ovoid; style 0.5–1 mm. long; stigmas 0.3 mm. long, shortly bilobed, ± glabrous. Mature capsule ovoid (3)4.5–6 x 2–2.5(3) mm. with stipe 0.5–3.5 mm. long, glabrous; splitting into 2 valves along longitudinal furrows. Seed 0.6–1.4 mm. long, ovoid, with a large tuft of long fine white hairs ± twice the seed in length.
Habitat
occurs near and on the banks of streams and rivers sometimes even partially submerged, in bushland and grassland
Range
Widespread, from Arabia, Egypt and Ethiopia southwards to Namibia and S. Africa (Transvaal, Natal, and ?Cape (see note below))
Altitude range
600–2000 m.
2000
600
Distribution
Malawi C Ntcheu Distr., Kirk Range, Bilila Stream, Gochi Village, fl. 15.iii.1956, Adlard 149 (COI; K).Zimbabwe S Zvishavane Distr., Runde (Lundi) R., fl. 22.iv.1971, Chiparawasha 387 (K; LISC; SRGH).Zimbabwe E Mutare Distr., Odzani R., fl. 20.vii.1957, Chase 6642 (COI; K; LISC; PRE; SRGH).Zimbabwe C Harare Distr., Gwebi R., on Mazowe road, 22.ii.1974, Pope 1120 (K; SRGH).Zimbabwe W Bulawayo Distr., Poole's farm, 40 km, W. of Bulawayo, fl. 10.ix.1972, Best 990 (K; LISC; PRE; SRGH).Zambia S c. 1.6 km. above Victoria Falls, fr. 7.vii.1930, Hutchinson & Gillett 3414 (BM; K; LISC; SRGH).Zambia E Petauke Distr., Chilongozi, Luangwa Game Reserve, Luangwa R., fr. 11.x.1960, Richards 13332 (K; SRGH).Zambia W Kitwe, 19.vii.1967, Mutimushi 1998 (K; NDO).Zambia C Lusaka Distr., c. 48 km. E. of Lusaka, Chongwe R., 15.iv.1952, White 2678 (FHO; K; NDO).Zambia N E. of L. Bangweulu, Lutikila Basin, Kanchibi R., 22.ix.1922, Michelmore 589 (K).Mozambique N Lichinga (Vila Cabral), road to L. Malawi (Niassa) fr. 10.x.1942, Mendonça 722 (LISC).Zimbabwe N Darwin Distr., Kandeya Tribal Trust Land, Machingura Dip tank, fr. 4.v.1965, Bingham 1467 (K; LISC; SRGH).Malawi N Chitipa Distr., Nyika Plateau, 8 km. E. of Nganda, by tributary of Wovwe R., fr. 2.viii.1972, Brummitt, Munthali & Synge WC 137 (K).Zambia B Sitoti Ferry, fr. 6.viii.1952, Codd 7411 (BM; K; PRE; SRGH).Botswana N Chobe Distr, Kasane Rapids, fr. 26.vii.1950, Robertson & Elffers 51 (K; PRE).
Notes
In S. Africa and Zimbabwe plants occur in which the leaves on the flowering growth are long and narrow - up to 10 times as long as wide and linear-elliptic rather than linear-obovate. Such plants fit the description of S. woodii Seemen, but in Zimbabwe they intergrade with those plants with the typical S. subserrata leaf form. It is therefore best to follow Coates Palgrave (1977) in considering these two species as merely different extremes of S. subserrata.Salix mucronata Thunb. (syn. S. capensis Thunb.) which occurs throughout the Cape Province of S. Africa is very similar to this species and may yet prove to be conspecific, in which case S. mucronata, as the earlier name, would have priority. A detailed study, including the mapping of variation, of this species complex throughout its range of distribution is necessary to understand the relationship between the taxa.
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