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THUNBERGIA Retz. [family ACANTHACEAE]
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
THUNBERGIA Retz. [family ACANTHACEAE], Phys. Saelsk. Handl. 1, 3: 163 (1780); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 54 (1847); Roulet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 259 (1894); S. Moore in J.B. 32: 219 (1894); Burkill in F.T.A. 5: 8 (1899); Benoist in Notul. Syst. 2: 287 (1912) & in Notul. Syst. 11: 144 (1944); Bremekamp in Verh. K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensk., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, Part 50, No. 4: 1 (1955); Schönenberger & Endress in Int. J. Plant Sci. 159: 446 (1998), nom. conserv., non Thunbergia Montin (1773)
Valentiana Rafin. [family ], Specchio 1: 87 (1814)
Endomelas Rafin. [family ], Fl. Tellur. 4: 67 (1836)
Information
Erect, trailing or twining annual or perennial herbs, or erect or scandent shrubs or woody twiners; cystoliths absent. Leaves opposite, entire to crenate or dentate; venation pinnate or palmate. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired or in racemes; bracteoles 2, large, hyaline to leathery, connate for 2/3–3/4 dorsally and about 1/4 ventrally (rarely free to base). Calyx a subentire to undulate rim or with 10–20 triangular to linear teeth. Corolla contorted in bud; tube straight or curved, cylindric or campanulate, widening at point of insertion of stamens, with subsessile capitate glands on the inside; limb spreading, subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous or subequal, inserted at transition from throat to tube, included (rarely exserted); anthers 2-thecous, one or both thecae with a setosely bristled boss or a spur at base (rarely muticous); thecae linear to ovoid, opening by apical slits. Disc conspicuous, annular, fleshy. Ovary 2-locular with 2 collateral ovules per locule; stigma funnel-shaped or with two large unequal lobes (one erect the other horizontal) or subequally 2-lobed with two erect flattened lobes. Fruit a 2–4-seeded thick-walled woody capsule, triangular with weakly defined beak or subglobose with sharply defined beak. Seed hemispherical, hollow on the proximal face, smooth to reticulate, tuberculate, lamellate or otherwise sculptured; retinaculae absent.
Range
100–150 species, mostly in Eastern and Southern Tropical Africa, also from India to SE Asia and Australia, introduced in America. A number of species are widely grown as ornamentals.
Notes
Several Indian and SE Asian species have been cultivated as ornamentals but, apart from T. laurifolia, never seem to have become naturalized. A number of the indigenous species have at one time or other also been cultivated. They includeT. alata, battiscombei, erecta,gibsonii, gregorii, holstii,kirkii, petersiana andvogeliana. The species in the Flora area fall into the following infrageneric groups:
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
THUNBERGIA Retz. [family ACANTHACEAE], Phys. Saelsk. Handl. 1, 3: 163 (1780); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 54 (1847); Roulet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 259 (1894); S. Moore in J.B. 32: 219 (1894); Burkill in F.T.A. 5: 8 (1899); Benoist in Notul. Syst. 2: 287 (1912) & in Notul. Syst. 11: 144 (1944); Bremekamp in Verh. K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensk., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, Part 50, No. 4: 1 (1955); Schönenberger & Endress in Int. J. Plant Sci. 159: 446 (1998), nom. conserv., non Thunbergia Montin (1773)
Valentiana Rafin. [family ], Specchio 1: 87 (1814)
Endomelas Rafin. [family ], Fl. Tellur. 4: 67 (1836)
Information
Erect, trailing or twining annual or perennial herbs, or erect or scandent shrubs or woody twiners; cystoliths absent. Leaves opposite, entire to crenate or dentate; venation pinnate or palmate. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired or in racemes; bracteoles 2, large, hyaline to leathery, connate for 2/3–3/4 dorsally and about 1/4 ventrally (rarely free to base). Calyx a subentire to undulate rim or with 10–20 triangular to linear teeth. Corolla contorted in bud; tube straight or curved, cylindric or campanulate, widening at point of insertion of stamens, with subsessile capitate glands on the inside; limb spreading, subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous or subequal, inserted at transition from throat to tube, included (rarely exserted); anthers 2-thecous, one or both thecae with a setosely bristled boss or a spur at base (rarely muticous); thecae linear to ovoid, opening by apical slits. Disc conspicuous, annular, fleshy. Ovary 2-locular with 2 collateral ovules per locule; stigma funnel-shaped or with two large unequal lobes (one erect the other horizontal) or subequally 2-lobed with two erect flattened lobes. Fruit a 2–4-seeded thick-walled woody capsule, triangular with weakly defined beak or subglobose with sharply defined beak. Seed hemispherical, hollow on the proximal face, smooth to reticulate, tuberculate, lamellate or otherwise sculptured; retinaculae absent.
Range
100–150 species, mostly in Eastern and Southern Tropical Africa, also from India to SE Asia and Australia, introduced in America. A number of species are widely grown as ornamentals.
Notes
Several Indian and SE Asian species have been cultivated as ornamentals but, apart from T. laurifolia, never seem to have become naturalized. A number of the indigenous species have at one time or other also been cultivated. They includeT. alata, battiscombei, erecta,gibsonii, gregorii, holstii,kirkii, petersiana andvogeliana. The species in the Flora area fall into the following infrageneric groups:
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
THUNBERGIA Retz. [family ACANTHACEAE], Phys. Saelsk. Handl. 1, 3: 163 (1780); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 54 (1847); Roulet in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 259 (1894); S. Moore in J.B. 32: 219 (1894); Burkill in F.T.A. 5: 8 (1899); Benoist in Notul. Syst. 2: 287 (1912) & in Notul. Syst. 11: 144 (1944); Bremekamp in Verh. K. Nederl. Akad. Wetensk., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, Part 50, No. 4: 1 (1955); Schönenberger & Endress in Int. J. Plant Sci. 159: 446 (1998), nom. conserv., non Thunbergia Montin (1773)
Valentiana Rafin. [family ], Specchio 1: 87 (1814)
Endomelas Rafin. [family ], Fl. Tellur. 4: 67 (1836)
Information
Erect, trailing or twining annual or perennial herbs, or erect or scandent shrubs or woody twiners; cystoliths absent. Leaves opposite, entire to crenate or dentate; venation pinnate or palmate. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired or in racemes; bracteoles 2, large, hyaline to leathery, connate for 2/3–3/4 dorsally and about 1/4 ventrally (rarely free to base). Calyx a subentire to undulate rim or with 10–20 triangular to linear teeth. Corolla contorted in bud; tube straight or curved, cylindric or campanulate, widening at point of insertion of stamens, with subsessile capitate glands on the inside; limb spreading, subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous or subequal, inserted at transition from throat to tube, included (rarely exserted); anthers 2-thecous, one or both thecae with a setosely bristled boss or a spur at base (rarely muticous); thecae linear to ovoid, opening by apical slits. Disc conspicuous, annular, fleshy. Ovary 2-locular with 2 collateral ovules per locule; stigma funnel-shaped or with two large unequal lobes (one erect the other horizontal) or subequally 2-lobed with two erect flattened lobes. Fruit a 2–4-seeded thick-walled woody capsule, triangular with weakly defined beak or subglobose with sharply defined beak. Seed hemispherical, hollow on the proximal face, smooth to reticulate, tuberculate, lamellate or otherwise sculptured; retinaculae absent.
Range
100–150 species, mostly in Eastern and Southern Tropical Africa, also from India to SE Asia and Australia, introduced in America. A number of species are widely grown as ornamentals.
Notes
Several Indian and SE Asian species have been cultivated as ornamentals but, apart from T. laurifolia, never seem to have become naturalized. A number of the indigenous species have at one time or other also been cultivated. They includeT. alata, battiscombei, erecta,gibsonii, gregorii, holstii,kirkii, petersiana andvogeliana. The species in the Flora area fall into the following infrageneric groups:
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