Edit History
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau [family ACANTHACEAE]
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau [family ACANTHACEAE], in E.P. Nachtr. II–IV: 304 (1897); F.W.T.A. 2: 261 (1931) pro parte; Bremekamp in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Thulin in Fl. Somalia 3: 375 (2006). Type: India, Tranquebar, Koenig 77 (LINN, holo.; C!, iso.)
Justicia acaulis L.f. [family ACANTHACEAE], Suppl.: 84 (1781); Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791)
Justicia acaulis Vahl var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791). Type: India, Herb. Vahl s.n. (C!, holo.)
Elytraria lyrata (Vahl) Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Lebrun & Stork, Enum. Pl. Afr. Trop. 4: 481 (1997)
Elytraria crenata Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847); T. Anderson in J.L.S. 7: 20 (1863) pro parte; C.B. Clarke in F.T.A. 5: 27 (1899) pro parte. Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria indica Pers. [family ACANTHACEAE], Syn. 1: 23 (1807). Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria crenata (Vahl) Nees var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847)
Tubiflora acaulis (L.f.) Kuntze [family ACANTHACEAE], Rev. Gen. 2: 500 (1891); Lindau in P.O.A. C: 365 (1895)
Elytraria acaulis (Vahl) Bremek. var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Iversen in Symb. Bot. Ups. 29(3): 161 (1991)
Elytraria marginata [family ACANTHACEAE], [sensu Heine in F.W.T.A. (ed. 2) 2: 418 (1963) pro parte, non Vahl (1804)]
Information
Acaulescent perennial herb with a short creeping sometimes branched rootstock; apical part of rootstock (where leaves attached) with long (up to 3 mm) strigose hairs. Leaves in a basal rosette, subsessile (rarely with petiole up to 4(–6) cm long); lamina elliptic to obovate, largest 5–18≈2.5–6.5 cm, apex subacute to broadly rounded, base attenuate, decurrent, margin subentire to crenate-dentate on apical part, subentire to sinuate-incised on basal part; below crisped-puberulous to pilose or sparsely so along midrib (sparser along lateral veins), glabrous on lamina, above with similar indumentum and ± scattered hairs on lamina. Spikes 2–10 cm long, branched or unbranched; peduncle 6–20 cm long; sterile bracts imbricate, ovate, 4.5–7 mm long, acuminate, glabrous but for the finely ciliate margin; fertile bracts pale green with white scarious margin, broadly ovate 5–8 mm long, acuminate to cuspidate, with similar indum; bracteoles elliptic or narrowly so, 3.5–5 mm long, acuminate, crisped-puberulous in a central band and ciliate towards apex. Sepals ciliate near apex, otherwise glabrous; dorsal ovate-elliptic, 4–5 mm long, subacute to acute; lateral and ventral lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 4–5.5 mm long, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a small dorsifixed mucro. Corolla white, when fully developed with tube 5–7 mm long and lobes 2–3 mm long; cleistogamous flowers not seen in East African material, but common in southern Africa. Stamens 2; filaments ± 1 mm long; anthers ± 1 mm long, with sagittate base, slightly smaller in cleistogamous flowers. Stigma oblong-spathulate and erect in open flowers, rounded or reniform and bent in cleistogamous flowers. Capsule 5.5–6.5 mm long, glabrous. Seed ± 1 mm long.
Range
DISTR. U 2; K 1, 7; T 6, 8
Altitude range
25–800 m
Distribution
KENYA Northern Frontier District Ijara, 13 Jan. 1943, Bally 2081!KENYA Tana River District N of Mlango ya Simba, 6 Nov. 1957, Greenway & Rawlins 9460! & Galole-Garsen road, 8 km towards Garsen after turn-off to Wenje, 12 July 1974, Faden 74/1059!TANZANIA Ulanga District Malendula, 12 June 1932, Schlieben 2352!TANZANIA Lindi District 10 km S of Mbemkuru River crossing, 5 Dec. 1955, Milne-Redhead & Taylor 7561!UGANDA Bunyoro District Waki River, 14 Jan. 1907, Bagshawe 1433! & Rabongo Forest, 31 Aug. 1964, H.E. Brown 2125!
Distribution (external)
Ghana
Nigeria
Congo-Kinshasa
Somalia
Angola
Zambia
Malawi
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
South Africa
India
Notes
The Kenyan material has fertile bracts 5–6 mm long against 7–8 mm in Tanzanian material. Material from southern Africa shows a continuous variation from 6–8 mm. The Kenyan material also has shorter bracteoles (3.5–4 mm) than the Tanzanian (4–5 mm), and shows a slight tendency towards shorter sepals. In these characters the Kenyan material seems to approachE. minor. A case could possibly be made for treating the two groups as subspecies, but the material is otherwise so homogeneous that this approach is rather unappealing.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau [family ACANTHACEAE], in E.P. Nachtr. II–IV: 304 (1897); F.W.T.A. 2: 261 (1931) pro parte; Bremekamp in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Thulin in Fl. Somalia 3: 375 (2006). Type: India, Tranquebar, Koenig 77 (LINN, holo.; C!, iso.)
Justicia acaulis L.f. [family ACANTHACEAE], Suppl.: 84 (1781); Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791)
Justicia acaulis Vahl var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791). Type: India, Herb. Vahl s.n. (C!, holo.)
Elytraria lyrata (Vahl) Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Lebrun & Stork, Enum. Pl. Afr. Trop. 4: 481 (1997)
Elytraria crenata Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847); T. Anderson in J.L.S. 7: 20 (1863) pro parte; C.B. Clarke in F.T.A. 5: 27 (1899) pro parte. Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria indica Pers. [family ACANTHACEAE], Syn. 1: 23 (1807). Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria crenata (Vahl) Nees var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847)
Tubiflora acaulis (L.f.) Kuntze [family ACANTHACEAE], Rev. Gen. 2: 500 (1891); Lindau in P.O.A. C: 365 (1895)
Elytraria acaulis (Vahl) Bremek. var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Iversen in Symb. Bot. Ups. 29(3): 161 (1991)
Elytraria marginata [family ACANTHACEAE], [sensu Heine in F.W.T.A. (ed. 2) 2: 418 (1963) pro parte, non Vahl (1804)]
Information
Acaulescent perennial herb with a short creeping sometimes branched rootstock; apical part of rootstock (where leaves attached) with long (up to 3 mm) strigose hairs. Leaves in a basal rosette, subsessile (rarely with petiole up to 4(–6) cm long); lamina elliptic to obovate, largest 5–18≈2.5–6.5 cm, apex subacute to broadly rounded, base attenuate, decurrent, margin subentire to crenate-dentate on apical part, subentire to sinuate-incised on basal part; below crisped-puberulous to pilose or sparsely so along midrib (sparser along lateral veins), glabrous on lamina, above with similar indumentum and ± scattered hairs on lamina. Spikes 2–10 cm long, branched or unbranched; peduncle 6–20 cm long; sterile bracts imbricate, ovate, 4.5–7 mm long, acuminate, glabrous but for the finely ciliate margin; fertile bracts pale green with white scarious margin, broadly ovate 5–8 mm long, acuminate to cuspidate, with similar indum; bracteoles elliptic or narrowly so, 3.5–5 mm long, acuminate, crisped-puberulous in a central band and ciliate towards apex. Sepals ciliate near apex, otherwise glabrous; dorsal ovate-elliptic, 4–5 mm long, subacute to acute; lateral and ventral lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 4–5.5 mm long, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a small dorsifixed mucro. Corolla white, when fully developed with tube 5–7 mm long and lobes 2–3 mm long; cleistogamous flowers not seen in East African material, but common in southern Africa. Stamens 2; filaments ± 1 mm long; anthers ± 1 mm long, with sagittate base, slightly smaller in cleistogamous flowers. Stigma oblong-spathulate and erect in open flowers, rounded or reniform and bent in cleistogamous flowers. Capsule 5.5–6.5 mm long, glabrous. Seed ± 1 mm long.
Range
DISTR. U 2; K 1, 7; T 6, 8
Altitude range
25–800 m
Distribution
KENYA Northern Frontier District Ijara, 13 Jan. 1943, Bally 2081!KENYA Tana River District N of Mlango ya Simba, 6 Nov. 1957, Greenway & Rawlins 9460! & Galole-Garsen road, 8 km towards Garsen after turn-off to Wenje, 12 July 1974, Faden 74/1059!TANZANIA Ulanga District Malendula, 12 June 1932, Schlieben 2352!TANZANIA Lindi District 10 km S of Mbemkuru River crossing, 5 Dec. 1955, Milne-Redhead & Taylor 7561!UGANDA Bunyoro District Waki River, 14 Jan. 1907, Bagshawe 1433! & Rabongo Forest, 31 Aug. 1964, H.E. Brown 2125!
Distribution (external)
Ghana
Nigeria
Congo-Kinshasa
Somalia
Angola
Zambia
Malawi
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
South Africa
India
Notes
The Kenyan material has fertile bracts 5–6 mm long against 7–8 mm in Tanzanian material. Material from southern Africa shows a continuous variation from 6–8 mm. The Kenyan material also has shorter bracteoles (3.5–4 mm) than the Tanzanian (4–5 mm), and shows a slight tendency towards shorter sepals. In these characters the Kenyan material seems to approachE. minor. A case could possibly be made for treating the two groups as subspecies, but the material is otherwise so homogeneous that this approach is rather unappealing.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: Kaj Vollesen
Names
Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Lindau [family ACANTHACEAE], in E.P. Nachtr. II–IV: 304 (1897); F.W.T.A. 2: 261 (1931) pro parte; Bremekamp in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Thulin in Fl. Somalia 3: 375 (2006). Type: India, Tranquebar, Koenig 77 (LINN, holo.; C!, iso.)
Justicia acaulis L.f. [family ACANTHACEAE], Suppl.: 84 (1781); Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791)
Justicia acaulis Vahl var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], Symb. Bot. 2: 3 (1791). Type: India, Herb. Vahl s.n. (C!, holo.)
Elytraria lyrata (Vahl) Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Vollesen in Opera Bot. 59: 80 (1980); Lebrun & Stork, Enum. Pl. Afr. Trop. 4: 481 (1997)
Elytraria crenata Vahl [family ACANTHACEAE], Enum. 1: 106 (1804); Nees in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847); T. Anderson in J.L.S. 7: 20 (1863) pro parte; C.B. Clarke in F.T.A. 5: 27 (1899) pro parte. Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria indica Pers. [family ACANTHACEAE], Syn. 1: 23 (1807). Type as for E. acaulis.
Elytraria crenata (Vahl) Nees var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in DC., Prodr. 11: 63 (1847)
Tubiflora acaulis (L.f.) Kuntze [family ACANTHACEAE], Rev. Gen. 2: 500 (1891); Lindau in P.O.A. C: 365 (1895)
Elytraria acaulis (Vahl) Bremek. var. lyrata [family ACANTHACEAE], in Reinwardtia 3: 251 (1955); Iversen in Symb. Bot. Ups. 29(3): 161 (1991)
Elytraria marginata [family ACANTHACEAE], [sensu Heine in F.W.T.A. (ed. 2) 2: 418 (1963) pro parte, non Vahl (1804)]
Information
Acaulescent perennial herb with a short creeping sometimes branched rootstock; apical part of rootstock (where leaves attached) with long (up to 3 mm) strigose hairs. Leaves in a basal rosette, subsessile (rarely with petiole up to 4(–6) cm long); lamina elliptic to obovate, largest 5–18≈2.5–6.5 cm, apex subacute to broadly rounded, base attenuate, decurrent, margin subentire to crenate-dentate on apical part, subentire to sinuate-incised on basal part; below crisped-puberulous to pilose or sparsely so along midrib (sparser along lateral veins), glabrous on lamina, above with similar indumentum and ± scattered hairs on lamina. Spikes 2–10 cm long, branched or unbranched; peduncle 6–20 cm long; sterile bracts imbricate, ovate, 4.5–7 mm long, acuminate, glabrous but for the finely ciliate margin; fertile bracts pale green with white scarious margin, broadly ovate 5–8 mm long, acuminate to cuspidate, with similar indum; bracteoles elliptic or narrowly so, 3.5–5 mm long, acuminate, crisped-puberulous in a central band and ciliate towards apex. Sepals ciliate near apex, otherwise glabrous; dorsal ovate-elliptic, 4–5 mm long, subacute to acute; lateral and ventral lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 4–5.5 mm long, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a small dorsifixed mucro. Corolla white, when fully developed with tube 5–7 mm long and lobes 2–3 mm long; cleistogamous flowers not seen in East African material, but common in southern Africa. Stamens 2; filaments ± 1 mm long; anthers ± 1 mm long, with sagittate base, slightly smaller in cleistogamous flowers. Stigma oblong-spathulate and erect in open flowers, rounded or reniform and bent in cleistogamous flowers. Capsule 5.5–6.5 mm long, glabrous. Seed ± 1 mm long.
Range
DISTR. U 2; K 1, 7; T 6, 8
Altitude range
25–800 m
Distribution
KENYA Northern Frontier District Ijara, 13 Jan. 1943, Bally 2081!KENYA Tana River District N of Mlango ya Simba, 6 Nov. 1957, Greenway & Rawlins 9460! & Galole-Garsen road, 8 km towards Garsen after turn-off to Wenje, 12 July 1974, Faden 74/1059!TANZANIA Ulanga District Malendula, 12 June 1932, Schlieben 2352!TANZANIA Lindi District 10 km S of Mbemkuru River crossing, 5 Dec. 1955, Milne-Redhead & Taylor 7561!UGANDA Bunyoro District Waki River, 14 Jan. 1907, Bagshawe 1433! & Rabongo Forest, 31 Aug. 1964, H.E. Brown 2125!
Distribution (external)
Ghana
Nigeria
Congo-Kinshasa
Somalia
Angola
Zambia
Malawi
Mozambique
Zimbabwe
Botswana
South Africa
India
Notes
The Kenyan material has fertile bracts 5–6 mm long against 7–8 mm in Tanzanian material. Material from southern Africa shows a continuous variation from 6–8 mm. The Kenyan material also has shorter bracteoles (3.5–4 mm) than the Tanzanian (4–5 mm), and shows a slight tendency towards shorter sepals. In these characters the Kenyan material seems to approachE. minor. A case could possibly be made for treating the two groups as subspecies, but the material is otherwise so homogeneous that this approach is rather unappealing.
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