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MELHANIA Forssk. [family STERCULIACEAE]
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, Author: MARTIN CHEEK AND LAURENCE DORR
Names
MELHANIA Forssk. [family STERCULIACEAE], Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cvii, 64 (1775); Bayer & Kubitzki in Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pls. 5: 268 (2003)
Brotera Cav. [family ], Icon. 5: 19 (1799), non Spreng. (1801), nec Spreng. (1802), nec Willd. (1800), nec Vell. (1825)
Sprengelia Schult. [family EPACRIDACEAE], Observ. Bot.: 134 (1809), non Sm. (1794)
Information
Suffrutescent annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs; erect, ascending or decumbent; young stems tomentose, the hairs varied, mostly stellate, sparsely pubescent in age. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered, axillary (FTEA) or terminal cymes, occasionally appearing subumbellate or racemose (not in FTEA), or flowers solitary; peduncle and pedicels tomentose; epicalyx bracts 3, close to the calyx, sometimes fused at base, persistent, either linear to ovate or broadly ovate and not accrescent nor becoming membranous in fruit or obovate, cordate to reniform and enlarging and becoming membranous in fruit. Floral buds with sepal tips either free or confluent. Sepals 5, almost free, with a narrow patch of glandular tissue at the base of each lobe, persistent, sometimes accrescent. Petals symmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, yellow, usually opening in the afternoon, caducous or marcescent, sometimes persistent with fruit after falling. Stamens and staminodes united into a very short staminal tube, stamens 5, alternating with 5 ligulate staminodes. Ovary syncarpous, 5-locular, densely stellate-pubescent, 1–12 (or more?) ovules per locule; style apically divided or lobed; stigmatic lobes 5, slender. Capsule spheroid to ovoid, hardened to chartaceous, pubescent, loculicidally dehiscent; endocarp glabrous or pubescent; 1–many seeds per locule. Seeds ± trigonal to turbinate, 3-(more)-angled, testa ± smooth, sparsely to densely tuberculate, or muricate, elaisome present or absent; endosperm abundant; cotyledons folded and bipartite.
Range
A genus of about 50–60 species in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia; centres of species diversity appear to be in northeastern Africa (some 25 species) and in southwestern Madagascar (some 18 species).
Notes
Schumann (1900) divided the African species of Melhania into three subgenera based on epicalyx bract characters. These were M. subgen. Broteroa K.Schum., with oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; subgen. Melhania (as Eumelhania K.Schum.), with ovate or broadly ovate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; and subgen. Hymenonephros K.Schum. with reniform to widely cordiform epicalyx bracts that are both accrescent and membranous in fruit. The distinction between the first two subgenera appears to be artificial and Arènes (in Fl. Madag. 131: 160 (1959)) may have perceived this when he reduced them to sections. More than shape, texture and whether or not epicalyx bracts are accrescent in fruit seem to be correlated characters that distinguish two large groups of Melhania species.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, Author: MARTIN CHEEK AND LAURENCE DORR
Names
MELHANIA Forssk. [family STERCULIACEAE], Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cvii, 64 (1775); Bayer & Kubitzki in Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pls. 5: 268 (2003)
Brotera Cav. [family ], Icon. 5: 19 (1799), non Spreng. (1801), nec Spreng. (1802), nec Willd. (1800), nec Vell. (1825)
Sprengelia Schult. [family EPACRIDACEAE], Observ. Bot.: 134 (1809), non Sm. (1794)
Information
Suffrutescent annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs; erect, ascending or decumbent; young stems tomentose, the hairs varied, mostly stellate, sparsely pubescent in age. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered, axillary (FTEA) or terminal cymes, occasionally appearing subumbellate or racemose (not in FTEA), or flowers solitary; peduncle and pedicels tomentose; epicalyx bracts 3, close to the calyx, sometimes fused at base, persistent, either linear to ovate or broadly ovate and not accrescent nor becoming membranous in fruit or obovate, cordate to reniform and enlarging and becoming membranous in fruit. Floral buds with sepal tips either free or confluent. Sepals 5, almost free, with a narrow patch of glandular tissue at the base of each lobe, persistent, sometimes accrescent. Petals symmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, yellow, usually opening in the afternoon, caducous or marcescent, sometimes persistent with fruit after falling. Stamens and staminodes united into a very short staminal tube, stamens 5, alternating with 5 ligulate staminodes. Ovary syncarpous, 5-locular, densely stellate-pubescent, 1–12 (or more?) ovules per locule; style apically divided or lobed; stigmatic lobes 5, slender. Capsule spheroid to ovoid, hardened to chartaceous, pubescent, loculicidally dehiscent; endocarp glabrous or pubescent; 1–many seeds per locule. Seeds ± trigonal to turbinate, 3-(more)-angled, testa ± smooth, sparsely to densely tuberculate, or muricate, elaisome present or absent; endosperm abundant; cotyledons folded and bipartite.
Range
A genus of about 50–60 species in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia; centres of species diversity appear to be in northeastern Africa (some 25 species) and in southwestern Madagascar (some 18 species).
Notes
Schumann (1900) divided the African species of Melhania into three subgenera based on epicalyx bract characters. These were M. subgen. Broteroa K.Schum., with oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; subgen. Melhania (as Eumelhania K.Schum.), with ovate or broadly ovate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; and subgen. Hymenonephros K.Schum. with reniform to widely cordiform epicalyx bracts that are both accrescent and membranous in fruit. The distinction between the first two subgenera appears to be artificial and Arènes (in Fl. Madag. 131: 160 (1959)) may have perceived this when he reduced them to sections. More than shape, texture and whether or not epicalyx bracts are accrescent in fruit seem to be correlated characters that distinguish two large groups of Melhania species.
Date Updated: 19 August 2007
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, Author: MARTIN CHEEK AND LAURENCE DORR
Names
MELHANIA Forssk. [family STERCULIACEAE], Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cvii, 64 (1775); Bayer & Kubitzki in Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pls. 5: 268 (2003)
Brotera Cav. [family ], Icon. 5: 19 (1799), non Spreng. (1801), nec Spreng. (1802), nec Willd. (1800), nec Vell. (1825)
Sprengelia Schult. [family EPACRIDACEAE], Observ. Bot.: 134 (1809), non Sm. (1794)
Information
Suffrutescent annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs; erect, ascending or decumbent; young stems tomentose, the hairs varied, mostly stellate, sparsely pubescent in age. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered, axillary (FTEA) or terminal cymes, occasionally appearing subumbellate or racemose (not in FTEA), or flowers solitary; peduncle and pedicels tomentose; epicalyx bracts 3, close to the calyx, sometimes fused at base, persistent, either linear to ovate or broadly ovate and not accrescent nor becoming membranous in fruit or obovate, cordate to reniform and enlarging and becoming membranous in fruit. Floral buds with sepal tips either free or confluent. Sepals 5, almost free, with a narrow patch of glandular tissue at the base of each lobe, persistent, sometimes accrescent. Petals symmetrical to strongly asymmetrical, yellow, usually opening in the afternoon, caducous or marcescent, sometimes persistent with fruit after falling. Stamens and staminodes united into a very short staminal tube, stamens 5, alternating with 5 ligulate staminodes. Ovary syncarpous, 5-locular, densely stellate-pubescent, 1–12 (or more?) ovules per locule; style apically divided or lobed; stigmatic lobes 5, slender. Capsule spheroid to ovoid, hardened to chartaceous, pubescent, loculicidally dehiscent; endocarp glabrous or pubescent; 1–many seeds per locule. Seeds ± trigonal to turbinate, 3-(more)-angled, testa ± smooth, sparsely to densely tuberculate, or muricate, elaisome present or absent; endosperm abundant; cotyledons folded and bipartite.
Range
A genus of about 50–60 species in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Asia, and Australia; centres of species diversity appear to be in northeastern Africa (some 25 species) and in southwestern Madagascar (some 18 species).
Notes
Schumann (1900) divided the African species of Melhania into three subgenera based on epicalyx bract characters. These were M. subgen. Broteroa K.Schum., with oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; subgen. Melhania (as Eumelhania K.Schum.), with ovate or broadly ovate epicalyx bracts that are neither accrescent nor membranous; and subgen. Hymenonephros K.Schum. with reniform to widely cordiform epicalyx bracts that are both accrescent and membranous in fruit. The distinction between the first two subgenera appears to be artificial and Arènes (in Fl. Madag. 131: 160 (1959)) may have perceived this when he reduced them to sections. More than shape, texture and whether or not epicalyx bracts are accrescent in fruit seem to be correlated characters that distinguish two large groups of Melhania species.
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