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Main branches up to 8 m., scandent or strongly arching or prostrate and twisted. Thorns strong, (1–)2–8 cm., strictly patent, ± as long as or longer than the internodes. Inflorescences on short–shoots in the axils of the thorns, scattered along the branches, not terminal. Male flowers including the 7–11 mm. long stipe 19–30 mm.; hypanthium 5–9 mm.; sepals 7–9 mm.; petals 4–7.5 by 1.5–2.5 mm.; filaments inserted in the hypanthium up to 3 mm. above the base, 3.5–7 mm., connate for up to 2 mm.; anthers 6–8 mm.; disk glands 0.7–2 mm. Female flowers including the 1–2 mm. long stipe (6–)8–12 mm.; hypanthium (1–)1.5–2 mm.; sepals (4–)5–8 mm.; petals 1.5–2.5 by 0.7– 1 mm.; staminodes inserted at the base of the hypanthium, (1.5–)2–3 mm.; disk glands (0.2–)0.7–1 mm.; pistil (4–)5–9 mm.; ovary 2–4 by 1.7–3 mm.; ovules 2(–3) per placenta. Fruit excluding the 2–3 mm. long gynophore 1.2–1.8 cm. Seeds 3–6 per capsule. Fig. 5/2, p. 21.