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PLICOSEPALUS sagittifolius (Engl.) Danser [family LORANTHACEAE]

Date Updated: 19 August 2007

Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: POLHILL & D. WIENS
Names
PLICOSEPALUS sagittifolius (Engl.) Danser [family LORANTHACEAE], in Verh. K. Akad. Wet., sect. 2, 29(6): 100 (1933); M.G. Gilbert in Fl. Ethiopia 3: 364 (1990); Polh. & Wiens in U.K.W.F., ed. 2: 155, t. 55 (1994) & Mistletoes Afr.: 88, photo. 20 (1998). Types: Tanzania, Tanga District, Moa, Holst 3103 (B!, syn., COI!, P!, isosyn.) & Lushoto District, Mashewa, Holst 8835 (B!, syn., K!, isosyn.) Loranthus undulatus Engl. var. sagittifolius [family LORANTHACEAE], P.O.A. C: 167, t. 18A–C (1895), as ‘ sagittaefolius ’, & in E.J. 30: 304 (1901) Loranthus sagittifolius (Engl.) Sprague [family LORANTHACEAE], in F.T.A. 6(1): 278 (1910) & in K.B. 1911: 88 (1911); Engl. in V.E. 3(1): 105, fig. 69J (1915); F.D.O.-A. 2: 161 (1932); Engl. & K. Krause in E. & P. Pf., ed. 2, 16B: 148, fig. 70J (1935); T.T.C.L.: 280 (1949)
Information
Leaves heteromorphic, those on long shoots always sessile (except sometimes 1–2 basal pairs) and generally more markedly sagittate or cordate at the base, those on short shoots with a petiole up to 1(–3 inland) mm. long; lamina diversely lanceolate to obovate or circular, 0.8–4.5(–6) cm. long, 0.5–3 cm. wide, rounded to cordate or sagittate at the base, 3–7-nerved, with venation conspicuous to obscure. Umbels normally terminal on leafy short shoots, atypically 1–several at leafy or leafless nodes, 3–7(–12)-flowered; peduncle 5–10(–17) mm. long; pedicels 6–10 mm. long. Receptacle campanulate, 2.5–4 mm. long; calyx rim-like, 0.5–1 mm. long. Petals separate, 3–3.5 cm. long, normally ageing from yellow-green through yellow and orange to red, but inland often yellow and sometimes with a redder basal part; basal part slightly S-shaped, 6–8 mm. long, with 4–7 paired folds inside; distal part recurving, twisted, linear-spathulate above. Stamens orange, pink or red; anthers 7–9 mm. long. Berry red, ellipsoid, 9–10 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, smooth.
Range
DISTR. U 1; K 1–4, 6, 7; T 2, 3, 5–7 coastal regions from S. Somalia to N. Mozambique, inland to the Rift Valley region from S. Ethiopia to S. Tanzania
Distribution
UGANDA Acholi District Rom, Dec. 1935, Eggeling 2369!;KENYA Northern Frontier Province 60 km. on Wajir–El Wak road, 29 Apr. 1978, M.G. Gilbert & Thulin 1215!;TANZANIA Masai District Kitumbeine Mt., 2 Mar. 1969, Richards 24259!;UGANDA Karamoja District Moruangaberu [Emoruangaberru], 14 Jan. 1956, Dyson-Hudson 117! & Lodoketemit [Lodoketeminit], 8 Nov. 1962, Kerfoot 4465!KENYA W. Suk District Kongelai [Kongoli] road, July 1961, Lucas 186!;KENYA Teita District 8–11 km. W. of Bura Railway Station, 17 Jan. 1972, Gillett 19587!TANZANIA Tanga District Perani Forest, 12 Aug. 1953, Drummond & Hemsley 3707!;TANZANIA Dodoma District 26 km. on Dodoma–Morogoro road, 12 Apr. 1988, Bidgood, Mwasumbi & Vollesen 1030!
Notes
Agnew, U.K.W.F. (1974), included P. sagittifolius in P. curviflorus and some herbarium annotations also indicated doubts about the specific distinctness of P. sagittifolius. The similarity of populations along the Rift seems to us to result from some secondary introgression. The typical form of P. sagittifolius along the E. African coast has very characteristic leafy flowering shoots, the sessile sagittate or cordate primary leaves subtending a short shoot with smaller ± cordate leaves and terminated by an umbel of flowers that turn from yellow to red with age. Inland P. sagittifolius can always be separated by the sessile cordate or sagittate leaves on the long shoots, but firstly the leaves on short shoots tend to become more obviously petiolate, the inflorescences tend to be produced severally and later, and the flowers are normally yellow, often with an orange base. On the Rift floor the differences between P. sagittifolius and P. curviflorus are reduced essentially to the shape of leaves on long shoots, though local populations seem to remain discrete. In an unpublished research paper at Kew, Jacque Triner demonstrated that the anatomy of the leaves was significantly different in the two species, those of P. curviflorus distinctly more xeromorphic.

Date Updated: 19 August 2007

Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: POLHILL & D. WIENS
Names
PLICOSEPALUS sagittifolius (Engl.) Danser [family LORANTHACEAE], in Verh. K. Akad. Wet., sect. 2, 29(6): 100 (1933); M.G. Gilbert in Fl. Ethiopia 3: 364 (1990); Polh. & Wiens in U.K.W.F., ed. 2: 155, t. 55 (1994) & Mistletoes Afr.: 88, photo. 20 (1998). Types: Tanzania, Tanga District, Moa, Holst 3103 (B!, syn., COI!, P!, isosyn.) & Lushoto District, Mashewa, Holst 8835 (B!, syn., K!, isosyn.) Loranthus undulatus Engl. var. sagittifolius [family LORANTHACEAE], P.O.A. C: 167, t. 18A–C (1895), as ‘ sagittaefolius ’, & in E.J. 30: 304 (1901) Loranthus sagittifolius (Engl.) Sprague [family LORANTHACEAE], in F.T.A. 6(1): 278 (1910) & in K.B. 1911: 88 (1911); Engl. in V.E. 3(1): 105, fig. 69J (1915); F.D.O.-A. 2: 161 (1932); Engl. & K. Krause in E. & P. Pf., ed. 2, 16B: 148, fig. 70J (1935); T.T.C.L.: 280 (1949)
Information
Leaves heteromorphic, those on long shoots always sessile (except sometimes 1–2 basal pairs) and generally more markedly sagittate or cordate at the base, those on short shoots with a petiole up to 1(–3 inland) mm. long; lamina diversely lanceolate to obovate or circular, 0.8–4.5(–6) cm. long, 0.5–3 cm. wide, rounded to cordate or sagittate at the base, 3–7-nerved, with venation conspicuous to obscure. Umbels normally terminal on leafy short shoots, atypically 1–several at leafy or leafless nodes, 3–7(–12)-flowered; peduncle 5–10(–17) mm. long; pedicels 6–10 mm. long. Receptacle campanulate, 2.5–4 mm. long; calyx rim-like, 0.5–1 mm. long. Petals separate, 3–3.5 cm. long, normally ageing from yellow-green through yellow and orange to red, but inland often yellow and sometimes with a redder basal part; basal part slightly S-shaped, 6–8 mm. long, with 4–7 paired folds inside; distal part recurving, twisted, linear-spathulate above. Stamens orange, pink or red; anthers 7–9 mm. long. Berry red, ellipsoid, 9–10 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, smooth.
Range
DISTR. U 1; K 1–4, 6, 7; T 2, 3, 5–7 coastal regions from S. Somalia to N. Mozambique, inland to the Rift Valley region from S. Ethiopia to S. Tanzania
Distribution
UGANDA Acholi District Rom, Dec. 1935, Eggeling 2369!;KENYA Northern Frontier Province 60 km. on Wajir–El Wak road, 29 Apr. 1978, M.G. Gilbert & Thulin 1215!;TANZANIA Masai District Kitumbeine Mt., 2 Mar. 1969, Richards 24259!;UGANDA Karamoja District Moruangaberu [Emoruangaberru], 14 Jan. 1956, Dyson-Hudson 117! & Lodoketemit [Lodoketeminit], 8 Nov. 1962, Kerfoot 4465!KENYA W. Suk District Kongelai [Kongoli] road, July 1961, Lucas 186!;KENYA Teita District 8–11 km. W. of Bura Railway Station, 17 Jan. 1972, Gillett 19587!TANZANIA Tanga District Perani Forest, 12 Aug. 1953, Drummond & Hemsley 3707!;TANZANIA Dodoma District 26 km. on Dodoma–Morogoro road, 12 Apr. 1988, Bidgood, Mwasumbi & Vollesen 1030!
Notes
Agnew, U.K.W.F. (1974), included P. sagittifolius in P. curviflorus and some herbarium annotations also indicated doubts about the specific distinctness of P. sagittifolius. The similarity of populations along the Rift seems to us to result from some secondary introgression. The typical form of P. sagittifolius along the E. African coast has very characteristic leafy flowering shoots, the sessile sagittate or cordate primary leaves subtending a short shoot with smaller ± cordate leaves and terminated by an umbel of flowers that turn from yellow to red with age. Inland P. sagittifolius can always be separated by the sessile cordate or sagittate leaves on the long shoots, but firstly the leaves on short shoots tend to become more obviously petiolate, the inflorescences tend to be produced severally and later, and the flowers are normally yellow, often with an orange base. On the Rift floor the differences between P. sagittifolius and P. curviflorus are reduced essentially to the shape of leaves on long shoots, though local populations seem to remain discrete. In an unpublished research paper at Kew, Jacque Triner demonstrated that the anatomy of the leaves was significantly different in the two species, those of P. curviflorus distinctly more xeromorphic.

Date Updated: 19 August 2007

Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: POLHILL & D. WIENS
Names
PLICOSEPALUS sagittifolius (Engl.) Danser [family LORANTHACEAE], in Verh. K. Akad. Wet., sect. 2, 29(6): 100 (1933); M.G. Gilbert in Fl. Ethiopia 3: 364 (1990); Polh. & Wiens in U.K.W.F., ed. 2: 155, t. 55 (1994) & Mistletoes Afr.: 88, photo. 20 (1998). Types: Tanzania, Tanga District, Moa, Holst 3103 (B!, syn., COI!, P!, isosyn.) & Lushoto District, Mashewa, Holst 8835 (B!, syn., K!, isosyn.) Loranthus undulatus Engl. var. sagittifolius [family LORANTHACEAE], P.O.A. C: 167, t. 18A–C (1895), as ‘ sagittaefolius ’, & in E.J. 30: 304 (1901) Loranthus sagittifolius (Engl.) Sprague [family LORANTHACEAE], in F.T.A. 6(1): 278 (1910) & in K.B. 1911: 88 (1911); Engl. in V.E. 3(1): 105, fig. 69J (1915); F.D.O.-A. 2: 161 (1932); Engl. & K. Krause in E. & P. Pf., ed. 2, 16B: 148, fig. 70J (1935); T.T.C.L.: 280 (1949)
Information
Leaves heteromorphic, those on long shoots always sessile (except sometimes 1–2 basal pairs) and generally more markedly sagittate or cordate at the base, those on short shoots with a petiole up to 1(–3 inland) mm. long; lamina diversely lanceolate to obovate or circular, 0.8–4.5(–6) cm. long, 0.5–3 cm. wide, rounded to cordate or sagittate at the base, 3–7-nerved, with venation conspicuous to obscure. Umbels normally terminal on leafy short shoots, atypically 1–several at leafy or leafless nodes, 3–7(–12)-flowered; peduncle 5–10(–17) mm. long; pedicels 6–10 mm. long. Receptacle campanulate, 2.5–4 mm. long; calyx rim-like, 0.5–1 mm. long. Petals separate, 3–3.5 cm. long, normally ageing from yellow-green through yellow and orange to red, but inland often yellow and sometimes with a redder basal part; basal part slightly S-shaped, 6–8 mm. long, with 4–7 paired folds inside; distal part recurving, twisted, linear-spathulate above. Stamens orange, pink or red; anthers 7–9 mm. long. Berry red, ellipsoid, 9–10 mm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, smooth.
Range
DISTR. U 1; K 1–4, 6, 7; T 2, 3, 5–7 coastal regions from S. Somalia to N. Mozambique, inland to the Rift Valley region from S. Ethiopia to S. Tanzania
Distribution
UGANDA Acholi District Rom, Dec. 1935, Eggeling 2369!;KENYA Northern Frontier Province 60 km. on Wajir–El Wak road, 29 Apr. 1978, M.G. Gilbert & Thulin 1215!;TANZANIA Masai District Kitumbeine Mt., 2 Mar. 1969, Richards 24259!;UGANDA Karamoja District Moruangaberu [Emoruangaberru], 14 Jan. 1956, Dyson-Hudson 117! & Lodoketemit [Lodoketeminit], 8 Nov. 1962, Kerfoot 4465!KENYA W. Suk District Kongelai [Kongoli] road, July 1961, Lucas 186!;KENYA Teita District 8–11 km. W. of Bura Railway Station, 17 Jan. 1972, Gillett 19587!TANZANIA Tanga District Perani Forest, 12 Aug. 1953, Drummond & Hemsley 3707!;TANZANIA Dodoma District 26 km. on Dodoma–Morogoro road, 12 Apr. 1988, Bidgood, Mwasumbi & Vollesen 1030!
Notes
Agnew, U.K.W.F. (1974), included P. sagittifolius in P. curviflorus and some herbarium annotations also indicated doubts about the specific distinctness of P. sagittifolius. The similarity of populations along the Rift seems to us to result from some secondary introgression. The typical form of P. sagittifolius along the E. African coast has very characteristic leafy flowering shoots, the sessile sagittate or cordate primary leaves subtending a short shoot with smaller ± cordate leaves and terminated by an umbel of flowers that turn from yellow to red with age. Inland P. sagittifolius can always be separated by the sessile cordate or sagittate leaves on the long shoots, but firstly the leaves on short shoots tend to become more obviously petiolate, the inflorescences tend to be produced severally and later, and the flowers are normally yellow, often with an orange base. On the Rift floor the differences between P. sagittifolius and P. curviflorus are reduced essentially to the shape of leaves on long shoots, though local populations seem to remain discrete. In an unpublished research paper at Kew, Jacque Triner demonstrated that the anatomy of the leaves was significantly different in the two species, those of P. curviflorus distinctly more xeromorphic.
PLICOSEPALUS sagittifolius (Engl.) Danser [family LORANTHACEAE]
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