Notes

The descriptions given, with minor alterations, are based mainly on “A Revision of African species of Terminalia ” by M. E. Griffiths (in J.L.S. 55: 818–907 (1959)). The flowers of Terminalia are remarkably uniform throughout the genus and scarcely ever provide any taxonomically useful characters and great reliance must therefore be placed on leaf, bark and fruit characters.Several introduced species are grown. T. catappa L., native of tropical Asia and widely planted throughout the tropics as a shade tree, is common in the coastal regions, e.g. Kenya, Mombasa, MacNaughton 120 !, Tanganyika, Amani, Greenway 2792 ! and Lindi, Semsei 653!, Zanzibar and Pemba (U.O.P.Z.: 465 (1949)), also occasional in towns around Lake Victoria (Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 68 (1953)). It is easily recognized by the very large obovate shortly petiolate leaves, which are subcordate at the base and turn red before falling, and by the large somewhat compressed-ellipsoid fruits ± 6 cm. long. T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., native of tropical Asia, fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, has been tried in Uganda at the Entebbe Botanic Gardens (A. S. Thomas 3002!; Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 67 (1953)) and in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949), as “ belerica ”). It has large leaves like T. catappa, but the petiole is 3–8 cm. long and the lamina is not basally subcordate; the fruit is subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 5-ridged, 2–2.8 cm. long. T. arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., native of India, with 5-winged fruits, has been grown at Dar es Salaam (Holtz 662; T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). T. mantaly Perrier, native of Madagascar, is grown as an ornamental tree in Nairobi, e.g. Perkins in E.A.H. 13449 ! & 13753 ! The obovate leaves are borne on spur shoots at the ends of lateral branches and in the angles of the zigzag long shoots; the fruits are ellipsoid, ± 1.8 cm. long, neither winged nor ridged. T. chebula Retz., a native of India, Ceylon and Burma, the fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, is cultivated in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). It has large, oblong, ovate or elliptic leaves with petioles 1–3 cm. long; the fruit is broadly ovoid, 5-ridged, 2–3 cm. long.  Terminology for the various types of shoot is illustrated in fig. 11, p. 75.

Notes

The descriptions given, with minor alterations, are based mainly on “A Revision of African species of Terminalia ” by M. E. Griffiths (in J.L.S. 55: 818–907 (1959)). The flowers of Terminalia are remarkably uniform throughout the genus and scarcely ever provide any taxonomically useful characters and great reliance must therefore be placed on leaf, bark and fruit characters.Several introduced species are grown. T. catappa L., native of tropical Asia and widely planted throughout the tropics as a shade tree, is common in the coastal regions, e.g. Kenya, Mombasa, MacNaughton 120 !, Tanganyika, Amani, Greenway 2792 ! and Lindi, Semsei 653!, Zanzibar and Pemba (U.O.P.Z.: 465 (1949)), also occasional in towns around Lake Victoria (Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 68 (1953)). It is easily recognized by the very large obovate shortly petiolate leaves, which are subcordate at the base and turn red before falling, and by the large somewhat compressed-ellipsoid fruits ± 6 cm. long. T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., native of tropical Asia, fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, has been tried in Uganda at the Entebbe Botanic Gardens (A. S. Thomas 3002!; Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 67 (1953)) and in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949), as “ belerica ”). It has large leaves like T. catappa, but the petiole is 3–8 cm. long and the lamina is not basally subcordate; the fruit is subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 5-ridged, 2–2.8 cm. long. T. arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., native of India, with 5-winged fruits, has been grown at Dar es Salaam (Holtz 662; T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). T. mantaly Perrier, native of Madagascar, is grown as an ornamental tree in Nairobi, e.g. Perkins in E.A.H. 13449 ! & 13753 ! The obovate leaves are borne on spur shoots at the ends of lateral branches and in the angles of the zigzag long shoots; the fruits are ellipsoid, ± 1.8 cm. long, neither winged nor ridged. T. chebula Retz., a native of India, Ceylon and Burma, the fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, is cultivated in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). It has large, oblong, ovate or elliptic leaves with petioles 1–3 cm. long; the fruit is broadly ovoid, 5-ridged, 2–3 cm. long.  Terminology for the various types of shoot is illustrated in fig. 11, p. 75.

Notes

The descriptions given, with minor alterations, are based mainly on “A Revision of African species of Terminalia ” by M. E. Griffiths (in J.L.S. 55: 818–907 (1959)). The flowers of Terminalia are remarkably uniform throughout the genus and scarcely ever provide any taxonomically useful characters and great reliance must therefore be placed on leaf, bark and fruit characters.Several introduced species are grown. T. catappa L., native of tropical Asia and widely planted throughout the tropics as a shade tree, is common in the coastal regions, e.g. Kenya, Mombasa, MacNaughton 120 !, Tanganyika, Amani, Greenway 2792 ! and Lindi, Semsei 653!, Zanzibar and Pemba (U.O.P.Z.: 465 (1949)), also occasional in towns around Lake Victoria (Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 68 (1953)). It is easily recognized by the very large obovate shortly petiolate leaves, which are subcordate at the base and turn red before falling, and by the large somewhat compressed-ellipsoid fruits ± 6 cm. long. T. bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., native of tropical Asia, fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, has been tried in Uganda at the Entebbe Botanic Gardens (A. S. Thomas 3002!; Dale, Introd. Trees Uganda: 67 (1953)) and in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949), as “ belerica ”). It has large leaves like T. catappa, but the petiole is 3–8 cm. long and the lamina is not basally subcordate; the fruit is subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 5-ridged, 2–2.8 cm. long. T. arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., native of India, with 5-winged fruits, has been grown at Dar es Salaam (Holtz 662; T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). T. mantaly Perrier, native of Madagascar, is grown as an ornamental tree in Nairobi, e.g. Perkins in E.A.H. 13449 ! & 13753 ! The obovate leaves are borne on spur shoots at the ends of lateral branches and in the angles of the zigzag long shoots; the fruits are ellipsoid, ± 1.8 cm. long, neither winged nor ridged. T. chebula Retz., a native of India, Ceylon and Burma, the fruits of which are used for tanning and dyes, is cultivated in Tanganyika at Amani (T.T.C.L.: 143 (1949)). It has large, oblong, ovate or elliptic leaves with petioles 1–3 cm. long; the fruit is broadly ovoid, 5-ridged, 2–3 cm. long.  Terminology for the various types of shoot is illustrated in fig. 11, p. 75.