Herbarium
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Collection
Flora of Southern Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
Names
Colophospermum mopane [family FABACEAE]
Common names
Copaifera mopane Kirk ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 25 : 317, t.43A (1865); Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. PI. 1 : 585 (1865); Oliv. inF.T.A. 2 : 315 (1871); Schinz in Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 30 : 170 (1889); Harms in Warb., Kunene-Samb. Exped. 248 (1903); Sim, For. Fl. P.E. Afr. 51 (1909); Harms in Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 3,1 : 443, fig. 244 (1915); Dinter in Feddes Repert. 16 : 241 (1919); Bak.f., Leg. Trop. Afr. 3 : 750 (1930); Hutch, in Kew Bull. 1931 : 226-229 (1931); Burtt Davy, Fl. Transv. 2 : 326 (1932); Greenway in E. Afr. Agric. J. 6 : 246 (1941); Hutch., Botanist in S. Afr. 314, 327, 353, 456, 458, 483, 538, 547, 664 (1946); Pole Evans in Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 21 : 14, 24, 30, tt.25- 27, 30-32, 44-46, 48, 68-72 (1948); Codd, Trees & Shrubs Kruger Nat. Park 63, fig. 59, 62c, d (1951). Syntypes as above. Copaiba mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1 : 172 (1891); Gilg in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. B : 305, 419 (1895); Taub. in Engl., Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C : 197 (1895); Hiern, Cat. Afr. PI. Welw. 1 : 303 (1896); Schinz in Mem. Herb. Boiss. 1 : 119 (1900); Dinter, Deutsch-Siidwest-Afrika Flora Forst- und landwirtschaft. Frag. 79 (1909). Syntypes as above.
Information
Small to medium-sized tree usually 5-12 m high with an erect narrow crown, occaÂsionally up to 22 m high under favourable conditions, or very often a shrub, irregularly deciduous. Bark dark grey or brown, rough, longitudinally fissured. Leaves alternate, with a single pair of large leaflets: petiole (0,6) 1,5-4(4,8) cm long, glabrous; leaflets artiÂculated basally, asymmetric, semi-cordate-ovate, (3) 4,5-9(12) cm long, (1,4)2,5-5(6,5) cm wide, inner margin slightly convex, outer margin cordate or truncate basally and strongly convex, acute or obtuse apically, coriaceous, with 7-12 prominent nerves arising from the point of attachment, withÂout a midrib, with numerous scattered pelluÂcid gland-dots, smelling of turpentine when crushed; terminal appendage sessile, artiÂculated, up to 5 mm long and 3 mm wide. Stipules up to 5 X 3,5 mm, ovate, soon deciduous. Inflorescence a slender raceme or panicle up to 7 cm long. Flowers small, greenish-white or greenish-yellow, on pedicels 4-8 mm long; bracts minute; bracteoles absent. Flower-buds globose, 3-4 mm in diameter. Sepals 4, the 2 outer ±6x5 mm, the 2 inner ± 5,5 x 4,5 mm, reflexed in flower. Petals 0. Stamens 20-25; filaments free, filiform, up to 6 mm long, exserted; anthers 2,5-3 mm long. Ovary ± 2 mm long, compressed, glabrous; style lateral; stigma expanded. Pods yellowish-brown, compresÂsed, very shortly stipitate, 3,5-6 cm long, 2-3,2 cm wide, reniform or obliquely ± semi-circular, lightly reticulate, with numeÂrous scattered resin-glands, indehiscent. Seed large, compressed, ±2,5 x 1,4 cm, usually reniform, corrugated, with numerous small sticky reddish resin-glands. Fig. 3.
Habitat
C. mopane, commonly known as Mopane, is a gregarious species which often forms almost pure stands and is dominant over extensive areas. C. mopane forms an open parkland of small to medium sized trees or dense thickets of low shrubs. Plants have the ability to coppice vigorously and sometimes the thickets are almost impenetrable. Although growing on various soil types, C. mopane is usually regarded as an indication of high temperatures, low rainfall and shallow, poorly-drained, often alkaline soil.
Use
Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth) Kirk ex J. Leon, in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 19 : 390 (1949); O. B. Milter in J. S. Afr. Bot. 18 : 30 (1952); Pardy in Rhod. Agric. J. 50 : 152 (1953); Torre & Hillc. in C.F.A. 2 : 239 (1956); Palgrave, Trees Cent. Afr. 101-106 (1957); Palmer & Pitman, Trees S. Afr. 173, tt. 53, 143, 144, XV (1961); F. White, For. Fl. N. Rhod. 121, fig. 21 A, B (1962); Von Breitenbach, Indig. Trees. S. Afr. 3 : 324 (1965); De Winter et al., 66Transv. Trees 64 (1966); Gomes e Sousa, Dendrol. Mocamb. 1 : 250, t.53 (1966); Tinley, Moremi Wildlife Res. Botswana 67, tt.25,29-37 (1966); Schrei-ber in F.S.W.A. 59 : 13 (1967); Jarman & Thomas in Kirkia 7 : 103 (1969); Giess in Dinteria 4 : 10, tt.28-30 (1971); Van Wyk, Trees Kruger Nat. Park 1 : 184 (1972); Palmer & Pitman, Trees S. Afr. 2 : 842 (1973). Syntypes: Mozambique, Shiramba, Kirk (K!); Lupata, Kirk (K!).
Range
Found in Angola, South West Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Rhodesia, Malawi, Mozambique and the northern Transvaal. Gregarious and often dominant, forming almost pure stands in hot dry low rainfall areas on various soil-types.