(young shoot) Food: sauces, condiments, spices, flavourings (root) Medicines: blood disorders (bark) Medicines: pain-killers (bark) Medicines: arthritis, rheumatism, etc. (bark) Medicines: oral treatments (bark, young leal) Medicines: pulmonary troubles (bark) Medicines: stomach troubles (young leaf) Medicines: vermifuges (bark) Medicines: kidneys, diuretics (bark) Medicines: cutaneous, subcutaneous parasitic infection (bark) Medicines: genital stimulants/depressants (bark, young leaf) Medicines: venereal diseases (bark) Medicines: fabrifuges (bark) Medicines: small-pox, chicken-pox, measles, etc. (leaf) Medicines: antidotes (venomous stings, bites, etc.) (leaf) Medicines: insanity (leaf) Medicines: heart (bark) Phytochemistry: fish-poisons (bark) Phytochemistry: arrow-poisons (bark) Phytochemistry: uricant (bark) Phytochemistry: miscellaneously poisonous or repellent (seed) Phytochemistry: fatty acids, etc. (fruit, seed, root-wood) Phytochemistry: aromatic substances Phytochemistry: alkaloids (timber) Products: building materials (stem, leaf) Products: exudations-gums, resins, etc. (wood) Products: carpentry and related applications (wood) Products: farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus (stem-spine) Products: household, domestic and personal items (wood, stem-spine) Products: pastimes-carving, musical instruments, games, toys, etc.