Ludwig Döderlein was a German zoologist specialising in echinoderms. He served as director and curator of the Zoological Museum in Strasbourg between 1882 and 1919 and as Professor of Zoology at the University of Munich from 1923-1927.

During a period as a teacher in the medical department of Tokyo University, he explored Japan and in 1880 visited Amami-Oshima with Yasusada Tashiro. The following year he published his botanical findings as "Botanische Mitteilungen aus Japan" in Botanisches Centralblatt. His zoological collections were deposited at the zoological museum in Strasbourg.

Sources:
H. Erhard and W. Quenstedt, 1959, "Döderlein, Ludwig", Neue Deutsche Biographie, 4: 16
J. Ohwi, 1965, Flora of Japan, 1: 8.