French physician, natural historian and archaeologist from Lunéville, Meurthe-et-Moselle. He was appointed Professor of Natural History at the University of Cairo in Egypt. During the war between the Egyptians and Ottomans in Syria, Gaillardot served as an army physician, later becoming chief physician of the hospital at Saïda working for the Turks. He travelled in Phoenicea (1860) and Palaestine (1864), later returning to Egypt as director of the School of Medicine in Cairo. His plant collections are mainly from the Near East and Egypt. His private herbarium included material of other collectors including specimens from Madagascar.