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Compilation
Trillium pusillum

10 Images see all

Isotype of Trillium pusillum Michx. var. monticulum Bodkin & Reveal [family MELANTHIACEAE]
Holotype of Trillium pusillum Michaux var. virginianum Fernald [family LILIACEAE]
Holotype of Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum (E.J. Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm. [family MELANTHIACEAE]
Isotype of Trillium pusillum Michx. var. alabamicum Freeman & Garrett [family TRILLIACEAE]
Isotype of Trillium pusillum var. monticulum Bodkin, N.L. & Reveal, J.L. 1982 [family LILIACEAE]
Isotype of Trillium pusillum var. monticulum Bodkin & Reveal [family LILIACEAE]
Filed as Trillium pusillum Michx. [family MELANTHIACEAE]
Type of Trillium pusillum Michx. [family TRILLIACEAE]
Holotype of Trillium pusillum var. ozarkanum (E.J. Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm. [family MELANTHIACEAE]
Isotype of Trillium pusillum Michaux var. monticolum Bodkin & Reveal [family LILIACEAE]
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Name

Identification
Trillium pusillum Michx. [family MELANTHIACEAE ] (stored under name); Verified by Elizabeth Fortson Wells, Trillium pusillum Michx. [family MELANTHIACEAE ] Verified by Alfred Barton Rendle,
Related name
  • Trillium ozarkanum
  • Trillium pusillum
Common name
  • least trillium, Flora of North America Vol. 26
  • Dwarf trillium, Flora of North America Vol. 26

Flora

Entry for Trillium pusillum Michaux [family TRILLIACEAE]
Herbarium
Flora of North America (FNA)
Collection
Flora of North America
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of North America, Vol 26,
Names
Trillium pusillum Michaux [family TRILLIACEAE], Fl. Bor.-Amer., 1: 215. 1803
Trillium pumilum Pursh [family TRILLIACEAE]
Treatment Author(s)
Frederick W. Case Jr.
Information
Rhizomes horizontal, branching, thin. Scapes 1–2, round in cross section, 0.7–2 dm, slender, becoming taller and more robust after flowering, glabrous. Bracts very short-petiolate, subsessile or sessile; blade dark green with maroon undertones when young, not mottled, 3–5 major veins from base, oblong to lanceolate-obtuse, 2.5–8+ × 1–3 cm, not glossy, apex obtuse. Flower above bracts, erect, odorless to faintly sweet, pedicellate or sessile; sepals conspicuous, spreading to same plane as petals, dark green with maroon undertones when young, oblong-lanceolate, 15–30 × 5–10 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to strongly rounded; petals of short duration, spreading-ascending, exposing stamens and ovary, weakly recurved in distal 1/2, white, aging to deep rosy pink abaxially, veins not engraved but major petal veins clearly visible, oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–1.5 cm, thin-textured, widest above base, margins strongly undulate, quite variable in petal width and degree of undulation between individuals and populations, apex obtuse to weakly acute; stamens erect-spreading, 8–10 mm; filaments pinkish purple to white, ± equaling or slightly shorter than anthers, slender; anthers ± straight, pale lavender or yellow, 3–8(–10) mm, thicker than filaments, dehiscence introrse; connectives not extended beyond anther sacs; ovary conspicuous, white, ovoid, obscurely 6-angled, 2.5–8 mm, attachment narrower than ovary; stigmas confluent with style, greenish white to white, distally 3-lobed, lobes linear (threadlike), long-spreading, 3–12 mm, uniformly thin and threadlike; pedicel stiffly erect to leaning, 0.5–2 cm, or absent to much reduced. Fruits white or pale greenish, ovate, 1–1.5 cm, pulpy, moist but not juicy. 2n = 10.
Distribution
sesc United States.
Discussion
Trillium pusillum comprises widely disjunct, regional populations, each varying somewhat from the others and variable within itself as well. Some of these populations have been named as varieties or separate species. In the wild, the plants that have been recognized as var. ozarkanum generally grow taller than others and are said to have bracts with five major veins instead of three. Plants attributed to var. texanum, on the other hand, are generally smaller in all parts, with narrower petals, and often revert to a single bract when not flowering. Only var. virginianum is easily distinguished at sight by its “sessile” flower. This variety has received extensive study. P. R. Cabe (1995), in a morphological study including statistical analysis, found variation within and between populations. He felt that his results were inconclusive, and also that some of the variation might be environmentally induced. The variation that he found did not correlate with a geographic pattern, and he suggested treating all Virginia populations as var. virginianum, or simply T. pusillum. In a later study, P. R. Cabe and C. R. Werth (1995), using isozyme evidence, obtained like results, and suggested treating all Virginia populations as a single variety pending further investigation. Until there has been such study, of the Virginia plants as well as the rest of the T. pusillum complex, I choose to retain the fairly distinctive and more or less traditionally known var. virginianum, and include all other populations in a broadly circumscribed var. pusillum.

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