Compilation
Trichodesma zeylanicum

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Name

Identification
trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm. f.) R. Br. [family BORAGINACEAE ]
Related name
  • trichodesma zeylanicum

Flora

Entry for Trichodesma zeylanicum Burm. f. R. Br. [family BORAGINACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 7, Part 4, page 59, (1990) Author: E. S. Martins (Trichodesma by R. K. Brummit)
Names
Trichodesma zeylanicum Burm. f. R. Br. [family BORAGINACEAE], Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 496 (1810). —Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb, Bot.: 255 (1861). —Baker & Wright in Thistelton-Dyer, F.T.A.4, 2: 51 (1905). —Schinz, Pl. Menyharth.: 70 (1905). —Eyles in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 457 (1916). —Brand in Engl., Pflanzenr. 78, [IV, 252]: 40 (1921). —Gomes e Sousa in Bol. Soc. Estud. Colon. Moçamb. 26: 49 (1935); op. cit. 32: 87 (1936). —Brenan in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 6 (1954). —Chapman, Veg. Mlanje Mt.: 33 (1962). —Binns, H.C.L.M.: 24 (1968). —Richards & Morony, Check List Fl. Mbala Distr.: 208 (1969). —Taton in Fl. Congo, Rwanda et Burundi, Boraginaceae: 37 (1971). —Biegel & Mavi in Wild, Rhod. Bot. Dict. ed. 2: 260 (1972). —Ross, Fl. Natal: 297 (1973). —Agnew, Upl. Kenya Fl.: 520 (1974). —Hall-Martin & Drummond in Kirkia 12: 177 (1980). Type from Sri Lanka.
Leiocarya kotschyana Hochst. [family BORAGINACEAE], in Flora 27: 30 (1844). Syntypes from Ethiopia.
Pollichia zeylanica Burm. f. F. Muell. [family BORAGINACEAE], Syst. Census Austral. Pl.: 100 (1882). Type as for T. zeylanicum.
Boraginella zeylanica Burm. f. Kuntze [family BORAGINACEAE], Rev. Gen. Pl, 2: 435 (1891). Type as above.
Borraginoides zeylanica Burm. Hiern [family BORAGINACEAE], Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 1: 720 (1898).
Trichodesma zeylanicum forma longifolium Brand [family BORAGINACEAE], in Engl., Pflanzenr. 78, [IV, 252]: 42 (1921). Syntypes from Tanzania and India.
Borago zeylanica Burm. f. [family BORAGINACEAE], Fl. Ind.: 41, t. 14(2) (1768). —Linn. f., Mantissa 2: 202 (1771). Type as above.
Information
Annual with a tap root, or perhaps occasionally a short-lived perennial with a somewhat woody stock, with erect stems 0.3–1.5(2.0) cm. high, with ascending branches in the upper part; stems clothed with short spreading hairs interspersed with coarse tuberculate setae, or occasionally only with the tuberculate setae. Leaves (3)5–12(15) x 1–3(4) cm., narrowly elliptic, cuneate or occasionally rounded at the base, usually acute at the apex, sessile or subsessile, opposite or the uppermost alternate, the upper surface covered with tuberculate setae and sometimes with smaller hairs between them, the lower surface with tuberculate setae on the major veins and usually with a dense covering of smaller spreading or appressed hairs between them. Inflorescence 1–5 cm. long at flowering, elongating to up to 14 cm. in fruit, many-flowered, terminal on main and lateral branches, bracteate for most or all their length, the bracts ovate to lanceolate and rounded or subcordate at the base; pedicels 1–3 cm., densely clothed with conspicuous flexuous spreading hairs up to 2 mm. long and often also with minute spreading hairs. Sepals 7–10 x 2–3.5 mm. at flowering, enlarging to up to 20 x 6 mm. in fruit, ovate to lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, densely clothed with long appressed or ascending hairs with those on the midrib and margins usually tending to be setose and more strongly tuberculate than the others. Corolla 7–9 mm. long, slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the sepals, the lobes broadly ovate-acuminate; lobes pale blue to lilac or pinkish, the tube often whitish between the lobes and with red to purple markings at its base. Fruit comprising four nutlets, falling separately to leave a pyramidal gynobase with four strongly concave sides, each with a more or less winged margin, and a persistent terminal style; nutlets 4–4.5 x 2.5–3.3 x 1–1.5 mm., compressed-ovoid, smooth and shiny and usually mottled with grey and brown on the outer surface, rugose on the inner surface.
Habitat
In disturbed ground and waste places or sometimes in open woodland, often very abundant and a serious weed of cultivation at middle and lower altitudes
Range
Widespread in tropics and subtropics of the Old World, including Australia; in eastern Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia southwards to S. Africa (Transvaal and northern Natal), but apparently absent from western Africa.
Altitude range
250–1500 m.
1500
250
Distribution
Malawi N Kasitu R. 32 km. W. of Mzuzu, fl. 8.vii.1974, Pawek 8802 (K; MAL; MO; SRGH).Mozambique N Mutuali, Cotton Culture Station, fl. & fr. 16.ix.1953, Gomes e Sousa 4117 (COI; K; LISC).Zambia N Mkupa, fl. & fr. 8.x.1949, Bullock 1183 (K; LISC).Zimbabwe N Hurungwe Distr., near Rukomechi R., fl. & fr. 21.viii.1959, Goodier 583 (K; LISC; SRGH).Zimbabwe S Chiredzi Distr., Gona-re-Zhou, between Chitsa’s Kraal and Savi-Rundi junction, Tamboharta Pan, fl. & fr. 31.v.1971, Grosvenor 589 (K; SRGH).Zimbabwe E 21 km. S. of Mutare (Umtali), fl. & fr. 1.xi.1967, Mavi 394 (K; SRGH).Zimbabwe W Hwange Distr., Siatshilaba’s Kraal, 24 km. NE. of Sebungwe confluence, fl. 11–16.v.1956, Plowes 1980 (K; SRGH).Zambia S Mapanza Mission, fl. & fr. 14.xii.1952, Robinson 2 (K).Zambia C Lusaka Distr., Mt. Makulu Res. Stat., fl. 2.vi.1956, Angus 1315 (K; SRGH).Zambia E Jumbe, fl. & fr. 11.x.1958, Robson 55 (BM; K; LISC; SRGH).Zambia W Ndola, fl. v.1961, Wilberforce 104 (K).Mozambique M Goba, fl. & fr. 10.viii.1946, Pinto s.n. (LISC).Mozambique GI Guijá. near Caniçado, fl. 21.v.1948, Torre 7887 (LISC).Mozambique MS Cheringoma, Inhamitanga, fl. & fr.29.ix.1944, Simao 118 (LISC).Mozambique T Mazowe R., Kabankangwa Kraal, fl. & fr. 22.ix.1948, Wild 2595 (K; SRGH).Mozambique Z Namagoa Plantations, fl. 3.vi.1946, Faulkner 297, (COI; K; PRE).Malawi S Mpatamanga Gorge, fl. & fr. 5.ii.1979, Blackmore & Patel 286 (K; MAL).Malawi C Mchinji, banks of Bua R. by road to Zambia, fl. 30.iii.1970, Brummitt 9549 (K; MAL).

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