Compilation
Rhamnus jujuba

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Name

Identification
Rhamnus jujuba L. [family RHAMNACEAE ] (stored under name); Ziziphus jujuba Mill. [family RHAMNACEAE ] Verified by Henry Trimen, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. [family RHAMNACEAE ]
Related name
  • Ziziphus jujuba
  • Rhamnus jujuba
  • Ziziphus mauritiana
  • Ziziphus indet.
  • Zizyphus jujuba

Flora

Entry for ZIZIPHUS mauritiana Lam. [family RHAMNACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical East Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1972) Author: MARSHALL C. JOHNSTON (University of Texas Herbarium)
Names
ZIZIPHUS mauritiana Lam. [family RHAMNACEAE], Encycl. 3: 319 (1789); U.O.P.Z.: 492, fig. (1949); T.T.C.L.: 469 (1949); I.T.U., ed. 2: 328, fig. 69/b (1952); Verdc, in B.J.B.B. 27: 354 (1957); F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 1: 668 (1958); Evrard in F.C.B. 9: 440 (1960); E.P.A.: 498 (1960); K.T.S.: 394 (1961); F.F.N.R.: 228 (1962); R.B. Drummond in F.Z. 2: 420 (1966). Type: Mauritius [Ile de France], Sonnerat (P-LA, holo. !)
Rhamnus jujuba L. [family RHAMNACEAE], Sp. Pl.: 194 (1753). Type: Ceylon, Hermann 89 (BM,holo. !)
Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn. [family RHAMNACEAE], Fruct. 1: 203 (1788); Lam., Encycl. 3: 319 (1789); Hemsl. in F.T.A. 1: 379 (1868), pro parte; Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 13 (1872); Sim, For. Fl. Port. E. Afr.: 35 (1909), pro parte, excl. var. nemoralis; Engl., Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (in Abh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1891): 294 (1892) & in Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 19 (1910), non Mill. (1768), nom. illegit.
Rhamnus mauritiana Soyer-Willemet [family RHAMNACEAE], in Uster’s Neue Ann. Bot. 18: 20 (1796). Type: Mauritius, The Pouce, St. Pierre plains, etc., collector not stated (specimen not located)
Ziziphus tomentosa Poir. [family RHAMNACEAE], in Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 3: 192 (1813). Type: Santo Domingo I., Poiteau (P, holo. !)
Ziziphus rotundata DC. [family RHAMNACEAE], Prodr. 2: 21 (1825). Type: Mauritius, collector not stated (G-DC, holo. !)
Ziziphus orthocantha DC. [family RHAMNACEAE], Prodr. 2: 21 (1825). Type: Senegal, 1820, Bade (G-DC, holo. !)
Ziziphus aucheri Boiss. [family RHAMNACEAE], Diagn., sér. 1, 1 (2): 5 (1843). Type: Iran, Bushir [Bouchir], Aucher 4320 (G, holo. !, FI, K, P, iso. !
Ziziphus jujuba Kuntze var. stenocarpa [family RHAMNACEAE], Rev. Gen. 1: 121 (1891). Type: India, Delhi, cultivated, 15 Dec. 1875, 0. Kuntze (NY, holo. !)
Ziziphus jujuba Engl. forma aequilaterifolia [family RHAMNACEAE], Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. (in Abh. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1891): 294 (1892), nom. nud., non sensu Engl. & Gilg in Warb., Kunene-Sambesi-Exped.: 292 (1903), descr.
Ziziphus mauritiana (DC.) A. Chev. var. orthocantha [family RHAMNACEAE], in Rev. Intern. Bot. Appliq. et d’Agric. Trop. 27: 477 (1947)
Information
Shrubs or small trees 3–8(–16) m. tall, armed with spinous stipules or rarely unarmed; bark greyish. Branchlets densely but minutely pubescent zig-zag. Leaf-blades elliptic to ovate to nearly orbicular, 3–8 cm. long, 1.5–5 cm. broad, at base rounded and symmetrical or nearly so, obtuse, beneath densely tomentose; petioles 5–10 mm. long. Cymes 1–2 cm. long and broad, few-many-flowered; peduncles 1–4 mm. long, tomentose; pedicels 2–4 mm. long in flower, 3–6 mm. in fruit, tomentose. Sepals 1.5–2 mm. long, dorsally tomentulose. Petals 1–1.5 mm. long. Ovary-cells and seeds 2. Drupe globose to ellipsoidal, 1–2 cm. thick. Fig. 8/1, p. 25.
Range
DISTR. U1, 3; K1–3, 6, 7; T3, 6, 8; Z; P almost universally cultivated and escaped in tropical parts of the world
Altitude range
0–1400 m.
Distribution
KENYA Northern Frontier Province Sololo, 3 Aug. 1952, Gillett 13678!;KENYA Turkana District Lokitaung, 22 May 1953, Padwa 201 !;KENYA Kwale District Mwachi, R.M. Graham 245 !TANGANYIKA Tanga District Amboni Estate, 26 Dec. 1959, G.R. Williams 727!TANGANYIKA Pangani District N. of Pangani, 20 Jan. 1937, Greenway 4870 !TANGANYIKA Lindi, 30 Apr. 1903, Busse 2339 !UGANDA Acholi District Agoro, Apr. 1943, Purseglove 1501 !;UGANDA Lango District Rom, Eggeling 2362 !;UGANDA Karamoja District Napak, 27 May 1940, A. S. Thomas 3564 !ZANZIBAR Zanzibar I. , Mangapwani, 23 Jan. 1929, Greenway 1126!ZANZIBAR SW. of Pemba, Panza I., 13 Feb. 1929, Greenway 1404 !
Notes
This widely cultivated jujube is not known to be indigenous to Africa. It is probably originally from the Middle East or the Indian subcontinent and is represented widely in the tropics and subtropics by several varieties with rather large fruits and almost tree stature. Some shrubbier, smaller-fruited, smaller-leaved plants found away from cultivation may represent the wild forms from which the cultivated plants arose in ancient times. Such plants have been called Z. jujuba (L.) Gaertn. var. fruticosa Haines, For. Fl. Chota Nagpur: 270 (1910) and Z. mauritiana Lam. var. deserticoln A. Chev., Rev. Intern. Bot. Appliq. et d’Agric. Trop. 27: 477 (1947). The taxonomy of cultivated jujubes is difficult. Selection, atavism and broadscale human spreading of various genetic strains are probably involved. Possibly also hybridization is involved. Keay, F.W.T.A., ed. 2, 1: 669 (1958), cites specimens from Dahomey and Nigeria which appear to him to be hybrids between Z. mauritiana and Z. spina-christi (L.) Desf. Probable hybrids between these two species occur in India and Pakistan and are the basis of the Z. jujuba (L.) Gaertn. var. hysudrica Edgew. in J.L.S. 6: 201 (1862) or Z. hysudrica (Edgew.) Hole in Indian Forester 55: 505 (1918).

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