Compilation
Pinus canadensis

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Name

Identification
Pinus canadensis L. [family PINACEAE ] (stored under name); Verified by James L. Reveal, Pinus balsamea L. [family PINACEAE ] Verified by James L. Reveal, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière [family PINACEAE ]
Related name
  • Tsuga canadensis
  • Pinus canadensis
  • Pinus balsamea
Common name
  • Eastern hemlock, Flora of North America Vol. 2
  • pruche du Canada, Flora of North America Vol. 2

Flora

Entry for Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière [family PINACEAE]
Herbarium
Flora of North America (FNA)
Collection
Flora of North America
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Names
Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière [family PINACEAE], 189. 1855
Pinus canadensis Linnaeus [family PINACEAE], Sp. Pl. ed., 2, 2: 1471. 1763
Treatment Author(s)
Ronald J. Taylor
Information
Trees to 30m; trunk to 1.5m diam.; crown broadly conic. Bark brownish, scaly and fissured. Twigs yellow-brown, densely pubescent. Buds ovoid, 1.5--2.5mm. Leaves (5--)15--20(--25)mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous, with 2 broad, conspicuous stomatal bands, adaxial surface shiny green (yellow-green); margins minutely dentate, especially toward apex. Seed cones ovoid, 1.5--2.5 ´ 1--1.5cm; scales ovate to cuneate, 8--12 ´ 7--10mm, apex ± round, often projected outward. 2 n =24.
Altitude range
600--1800m
Distribution
USA Ala.USA Conn.USA Del.USA Ga.USA Ind.USA Ky.USA MaineUSA Md.USA Mass.USA Mich.USA Minn.USA N.H.USA N.J.USA N.Y.USA N.C.USA OhioUSA Pa.USA R.I.USA S.C.USA Tenn.USA Vt.USA Va.USA W.Va.USA Wis.Canada N.B.Canada N.S.Canada Ont.Canada P.E.I.Canada Que.
Discussion
Numerous cultivars of Tsuga canadensis have been developed, including compact shrubs, dwarfs, and graceful trees. Wood of the species tends to be brittle and inferior to that of the other North American hemlocks.
Eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ) is the state tree of Pennsylvania.

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