(root, wood) Drink: alcoholic, stimulant (root, seed) Medicines: generally healing (bark, leaf) Medicines: pain-killers (root, leaf) Medicines: arthritis, rheumatism, etc. (leaf) Medicines: eye treatments (leaf) Medicines: oral treatments (bark) Medicines: stomach troubles (bark) Medicines: skin, mucosae (root) Medicines: laxatives, etc. (root) Medicines: diarrhoea, dysentery (root) Medicines: genital stimulants/depressants (bark, leaf) Medicines: venereal diseases (root, leaf) Medicines: fabrifuges (bark) Medicines: dropsy, swellings, oedema, gout (bark, leafy twig, root) Medicines: antidotes (venomous stings, bites, etc.) (bark) Medicines: paralysis, epilepsy, convulsions, spasm (bark) Medicines: insanity (bark) Phytochemistry: tannins, astringents (bark) Phytochemistry: rodenticides, mammal and bird poisons (root) Phytochemistry: arrow-poisons (dark coloured wood) Phytochemistry: miscellaneously poisonous or repellent (bark, root, leaf) Phytochemistry: alkaloids (foliage) Agri-horticulture: fodder (timber) Products: building materials (leaf) Products: beehives (timber) Products: carpentry and related applications (wood) Products: farming, forestry, hunting and fishing apparatus (wood) Products: fuel and lighting (bark) Social: religion, superstitions, magic
