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Compilation
Jatropha manihot

14 Images see all

Filed as Manihot esculenta Crantz [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Manihot rhomboidea Muell. Arg. subsp. microcarpa (Muell. Arg.) Rogers & Appan [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Original material of Manihot utilissima Pohl. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Manihot esculenta Crantz [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Manihot esculenta Crantz [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Müll.Arg. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Manihot utilissima [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Type? of Jatropha manihot Kunth var. angustifolia Torr. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Jatropha manihot L. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Arum esculentum L. [family ARACEAE]
Filed as Arum esculentum L. [family ARACEAE]
Filed as Jatropha manihot L. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Lectotype of Jatropha manihot L. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Filed as Manihot esculenta Crantz [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
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Name

Identification
Arum esculentum L. [family ARACEAE ] (stored under name); Manihot esculenta Crantz [family EUPHORBIACEAE ] Verified by J.E. Dandy, Jatropha manihot L. [family EUPHORBIACEAE ] Verified by D. Solander,
Related name
  • Manihot esculenta
  • Arum esculentum
  • Janipha manihot
  • Manihot angustifolia
  • Manihot utilissima
  • Jatropha manihot
  • Manihot rhomboidea

Flora

Entry for MANIHOT utilissima Pohl [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora of Tropical Africa
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol 6, Part 1, page 441, (1913) Author: (By J. G. Baker, with additions by C. H. Wright.)
Names
MANIHOT utilissima Pohl [family EUPHORBIACEAE], Pl. Bras. Ic. et Descr. i. 32, t. 24. —Bentl. and Trim. Med. Pl. t. 235; Müll. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. ii. 1064, and in Mart. Fl. Bras. xi. ii. 457, t. 65; Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. 148; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 251; Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 240; Durand & Schinz, Études Fl. Congo, 244; Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. i. 973; De Wild. Miss. É. Laurent, 140, and Études Fl. Baset Moyen-Congo, ii. 287; Dawe, Miss. Bot. Uganda, 56; Stapf in Johnston, Liberia, ii. 649; Th. & Hél. Durand, Syll. Fl. Congol. 490; De Wild. Comp. Kasai, 338; Pax in Engl. Pflanzenr. Euphorb.-Adrian. 67.
MANIHOT palmata Stapf var. Aipi [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in Johnston, Liberia, ii. 649, hardly of Müll. Arg.
Jatropha Manihot Linn. [family EUPHORBIACEAE], Sp. Pl. ed. i. 1007.
Janipha Manihot H. B. & K. [family EUPHORBIACEAE], Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. 108; Bot. Mag. t. 3071.
Information
Shrub, 6–10 ft. high, twigs glabrous; root tuberous, 3 ft. long, 6–9 in. thick, weighing 5–25 lbs., bitter and charged with a noxious juice or sweet and harmless. Leaves long-petioled, membranous, the uppermost sometimes entire, ovate, acutely acuminate, rounded at the base, 4 in. long, 1 1/2 in. wide, downwards progressively 3–7-lobed almost to the base, rather broader than long, the largest reaching 10–12 in. in width; lobes linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, the central rather the largest, narrowed to the base, and there confluent in a small web 1/2– 3/4 in. across, each 3–7 in. long, 1/4–1 1/2 in. wide, tawny green above, glaucous beneath, glabrous on both sides or more or less pubescent especially on the main nerves near the base and especially beneath; petiole 2 1/2–10 in. long, glabrous or faintly puberulous near the apex, green or purplish like the main nerves; stipules triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, puberulous, 2–3 lin. long. Racemes lax, few-flowered, from the upper axils; peduncles slender, sometimes clustered, up to 2 in. long; bracts small, linear-lanceolate, entire, deciduous; male pedicels 2–3 lin. long, female pedicels spreading, up to 1 in. long. Calyx dirty yellow, campanulate, glabrous and pruinose outside, puberulous within near the apex, 5-lobed beyond the middle, male 2–2 1/2 lin. long, female 5 lin. long. Stamens 10; anthers small, with hairy tips. Disk glabrous. Ovary glabrous, narrowly 6-winged. Capsule 2/3 in. long, wide ellipsoid, rugulose, with 6 undulate almost crenate wings. Seeds ellipsoid, compressed, marbled, 1/2 in. long.
Range
Native of Brazil, widely cultivated, in many races, throughout Tropical Africa, for the sake of the flour of its tuberous root.
Notes
The numerous recognisable races of the Cassava vary in size of plant, from 2–3 ft. up to 9–10 ft. high; in colour of bark, from green or yellowish to violet, brown or chestnut-brown; in tint of foliage from pale green to deep violet; in nature of root, from sweet to bitter, with in each case intermediate conditions and in most instances various combinations of the features mentioned. In addition to those numerous races which differ among themselves by what may be termed relative characters, there are two striking African forms, no counterparts of which have hitherto been reported from America or elsewhere. These, while agreeing in all essential floral and fruit characters with typical M. utilissima, differ from the type and from each other so greatly as regards their foliage that they deserve recognition as distinct varieties. Barter has d on a specimen of typical M. utilissima from Nupe, S. Nigeria (Barter, 1497) that he found the plant growing as if wild; adding, however, “no doubt remains of former cultivation.”

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