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Compilation
Gymnosporia crataegiflora

3 Images see all

Maytenus woodii unrecorded [family CELASTRACEAE]
Isotype of Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davidson [family CELASTRACEAE]
Maytenus woodii unrecorded [family CELASTRACEAE]
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Name

Identification
Maytenus woodii unrecorded [family CELASTRACEAE ] (stored under name); Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. [family CELASTRACEAE ] Verified by Jordaan, M., Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davison [family CELASTRACEAE ] Verified by H.J.D.,
Related name
  • Maytenus woodii
  • Gymnosporia heterophylla
  • Gymnosporia crataegiflora
  • Gymnosporia woodii

Flora

Entry for Maytenus heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. N. Robson [family CELASTRACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 2, Part 2, page 355, (1966) Author: N. K. Robson
Names
Celastrus buxifolius L. [family CELASTRACEAE], Sp. Pl., 1: 197 (1753) pro parte excl. tab. Plukenet. — Sond. in Harv. & Sond., F.C. 1: 459 (1860) non Maytenus buxifolia Griseb. (1866). Type from S. Africa.
Celastrus multiflorus Lam. [family CELASTRACEAE], Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 661 (1785). — Oliv., F.T.A. 1: 364 (1868) non Maytenus multiflora Reiss. (1861) nec Loes. (1905). Type from Africa, cult. in Paris.
Celastrus ellipticus Thunb. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Hoffm., Phytogr. Blaett. 1: 22 (1803). — Sond., tom. cit.: 458 (1860) non Maytenus elliptica Krug & Urb. ex Duss (1897). Type from S. Africa.
Celastrus cymosus Soland. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Sims, Curt. Bot. Mag. 46: t. 2070 (1819) non Maytenus cymosa Krug & Urb. (1904).
Catha buxifolia L. G. Don [family CELASTRACEAE], Gen. Syst. 2: 10 (1832). Type as for Celastrus buxifolius.
Celastrus heterophyllus Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. Extratrop. 1: 120 (1834–35?). — Sond., tom. cit.: 458 (1860). Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus patens Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus goniecaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus spathephyllus Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom.cit.: 121 (1834–35?). Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus venenatus Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus empleurifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus polyanthemos Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus rhombifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. — Sond., tom. cit.: 460 (1860). Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Celastrus parvifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Catha heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. Presl [family CELASTRACEAE], Bot. Bemerk.: 33 (1844). Type as for Celastrus heterophyllus.
Catha cymosa Soland. C. Presl [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type as for Celastrus cymosus.
Celastrus angularis Sond. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom.cit.: 460 (1860). Syntypes from Cape Prov. and the Transvaal.
Celastrus andongensis Oliv. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 361 (1868). Type from Angola.
Gymnosporia buxifolia L. Szyszyl. [family CELASTRACEAE], Polypet. Disc. Rehm.: 34 (1888). — Bak. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 44 (1911). — Eyles in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5:404 (1916). — Davison in Bothalia, 2: 317 (1927). — Burtt Davy, F.P.F.T. 2: 448 (1932). — Steedman, Trees etc. S. Rhod.: 42 (1933). — Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20b: 152 (1942). — Hutch., Botanist in S. Afr.: 89, 225, 228, 361, 506 (1946). — O.B. Mill., B.C.L.: 35 (1948); in Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 18: 48 (1952). — Brenan, T.T.C.L.: 127 (1949). Type as for Celastrus buxifolius.
Gymnosporia woodii Szyszyl. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom.cit.: 35 (1888). — Loes. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20b: 152 (1942). Type from Natal.
Elaeodendron glaucum [family CELASTRACEAE], sensu Szyszyl., tom. cit.: 36 (1888).
Cassine szyszylowiczii Kuntze [family CELASTRACEAE], Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 114 (1891). Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Gymnosporia heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 5: 207 (1892); op. cit., ed. 2, 20b: 152 (1942). — Davison, tom.cit.: 317 (1927). Type as for Celastrus heterophyllus.
Gymnosporia brevipetala Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., tom.cit.: 546 (1893); in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20b: 149 (1942). Type from E. Africa.
Gymnosporia senegalensis var. maranguensis Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 19: 231 (1894). Type from Tanganyika.
Gymnosporia glauca Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 28: 154 (1900) nom. illegit. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Gymnosporia buxifolioides Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], op. cit. 30: 344 (1901). — Brenan, loc. cit. Type from Tanganyika.
Gymnosporia capitata var. tenuifolia Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bull. Herb. Boiss., Sér. 2, 3: 823 (1903). Type from SW. Africa.
Gymnosporia rhombifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. Bolus & Wolley-Dod [family CELASTRACEAE], in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc. 14: 247 (1903). Type as for Celastrus rhombifolius.
Gymnosporia condensata Sprague [family CELASTRACEAE], in Kew Bull. 1906: 246 (1906). — Davison, torn, cit.: 305 (1927). Type from the Transvaal.
Gymnosporia angularis Sond. Sim [family CELASTRACEAE], For. & For. Fl. Col. Cap. Good Hope.: 186 (1907). Syntypes as for Celastrus angularis.
Gymnosporia maranguensis Loes. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 41: 303 (1908); in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20b: 149 (1942). — Brenan, tom. cit.: 126 (1949). Type as for G. senegalensis var. maranguensis.
Gymnosporia acanthophora Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 299 (1908). Type from SW. Africa.
Celastrus polyacanthus [family CELASTRACEAE], sensu Eyles, tom. cit.: 404 (1916).
Gymnosporia elliptica Thunb. Schonl. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bot. Surv. S. Afr., Mem. 1: 73 (1919). — Davison, tom. cit.: 306, t. 10 fig. 2 (1927). Type as for Celastrus ellipticus.
Gymnosporia uniflora Davison [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 294 (1927). Type from Natal.
Gymnosporia crataegiflora Davison [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 314, t. 18 (1927). Syntypes from Natal.
Gymnosporia trigyna [family CELASTRACEAE], sensu Perrier, Fl. Madag., Celastrac.: 21 (1946).
Maytenus cymosa Soland. Exell [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 26: 222 (1952). — Exell & Mendonça, C.F.A. 2, 1: 3 (1954). — Marais in Bothalia, 7: 385 (1960). — Wilczek, F.C.B. 9: 122 (1960). Type as for Celastrus cymosus.
Maytenus angolensis Exell & Mendonça [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 26: 224 (1952); C.F.A. 2, 1: 4, t. 1 fig. B (1954). Type from Angola.
Maytenus brevipetala Loes. Wilczek [family CELASTRACEAE], F.C.B. 9:118 (1960). Type as for Gymnosporia brevipetala.
Maytenus senegalensis [family CELASTRACEAE], sensu White, F.F.N.R.: 218 (1962) pro parte quoad syn. M. cymosus, et auct. plur.
Maytenus heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. N. Robson [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 39: 17 (1965). TAB. 76 fig. B. Type from S. Africa (Cape Prov.).
Information
Shrub or tree, often spreading or straggling, or more rarely a shrublet, (0·3)1–7(9) m. high, unarmed or with green to brown spines up to 24 cm. long, axillary or terminating short axillary branches, glabrous or very rarely with young shoots and leaves puberulous (var. puberula), without latex; branches lined or angular or rarely subterete, pale green or rarely reddish-purple or glaucous at first, becoming terete (or rarely remaining angular), grey-brown or dark grey to purplish-brown or whitish, usually without visible lenticels. Leaves fasciculate or not, petiolate;lamina pale to deep green or rarely ± glaucous above, concolorous or often grey-green below, often with pale midrib, rarely mottled when dry, 1–9·5 × 0·4–5 cm., ovate or oblong-ovate or elliptic or circular (on long shoots) to obovate or oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate or often spathulate (on fasciculate shoots), subacute or obtuse to rounded or emarginate and often shortly apiculate at the apex, with margin acutely or rarely obtusely shallowly and often irregularly serrulate (especially towards the apex) to entire, cuneate or rarely rounded to angustate at the base, membranous to coriaceous, with lateral nerves and reticulation varying in prominence and density; petiole 1–10 mm. long. Cymes dichasial, solitary and axillary or 1–7 on short axillary shoots, or rarely in axillary panicles, with peduncle 1–30 mm. long or occasionally absent; pedicels 1–7 mm. long, articulated at or near the base; flowers 2–24 or more in each cyme or very rarely solitary, 2–5 mm. in diam., always (?) dioecious, unscented or sometimes apparently malodorous. Sepals 5(6), equal, 0·3–1(1·5) mm., circular to triangular-lanceolate, rounded to acute, with margin ciliolate. Petals 5(6), white, 1–3·5 mm. long, elliptic-oblong to oblong-spathulate, with margin finely ciliolate to entire. Male flowers with stamens 5(6), shorter or longer than petals, with filaments 1–2·5 mm. long, slender, arising below disk; disk relatively narrow, ± concave, 5(6)-lobed;pistillode small, globose, with short style without spreading stigmas. Female flowers smaller than the male flowers, with staminodes 5 shorter than ovary; disk as in the male flowers; ovary 2–3(4)-locular, 0·3–0·5 mm. long, globose, not or scarcely immersed in the disk; style 0·2–0·5 mm. long, shorter than or equalling the ovary, shorter than or exceeding the petals, with 2–3(4) spreading stigmas. Capsule yellow or yellow-tinged-red or red, 3–10 mm. long, obovoid or subpyriform to 3-gonous or subglobose, thinly to thickly coriaceous or slightly succulent, smooth or rugulose. Seeds 1–3(4), reddish-brown, glossy, with a thin yellowish aril obliquely covering the lower 1/2–2/3.
Habitat
In forest, fringing forest margins, thickets and woodland or on termite mounds or sand dunes
Range
From Ethiopia, the Sudan and E. Congo southward to the Cape and westward to Angola and SW. Africa
Altitude range
0–2100 m. in our area.
2100
0
Distribution (external)
Madagascar
St. Helena (? adventive)
Notes
A very variable aggregate species which has frequently been confused with M. senegalensis, from which it differs by several characters e.g. usually angular or lined and greenish young shoots, green (rarely glaucous) leaves with usually acutely denticulate margin, the frequently 3-locular ovary, and yellow to red capsules. Its nearest relatives are M. nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais, a S. African species with polished brown spines, dull green foliage and usually bisexual flowers, and M. pyria (Willemet) N. Robson from Mauritius, which is also bisexual and forms a link with M. senegalensis (Lam.) Exell. The variation in M. heterophylla is difficult to analyse; but the populations in our area may be divided into 4 subspecies.

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