Compilation
Chaetaria congesta

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Name

Identification
Chaetaria congesta Kunth [family POACEAE ] Aristida barbicollis Trin. & Rupr. [family POACEAE ] (stored under name); Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. [family POACEAE ]
Related name
  • Chaetaria congesta
  • Aristida congesta
  • Aristida barbicollis

Flora

Entry for Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. [family GRAMINEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 10, Part 1, (1971) Author: E. Launert
Names
Aristida congesta var. genuina Chiov. [family GRAMINEAE], Fl. Erit.: 333 (1908). — Henrard, op. cit. 54: 115 (1926). Type from S. Africa (Cape).
Aristida congesta var. pilifera Chiov. [family GRAMINEAE], loc. cit. — Henrard, tom. cit.: 115, (1926). Type from Eritrea.
Aristida congesta Roem. & Schult. [family GRAMINEAE], in L. Syst. Veg., ed. nov., 2: 401 (1817). — Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 195 (1833). — Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stip.: 153 (1842). — Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 142 (1854). — Dur. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 802 (1894). — Hack. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, Append. 3: 18 (1896). — Stapf in Harv. & Sond., F.C. 7: 558 (1899). — Monro in Proc. Rhod. Sci. Assoc. 6: 37 (1906). — Henrard, Crit. Rev. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 113 (1926); Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 126, t. 47 (1929). — Stent & Rattray in Proc. Rhod. Sci. Ass. 32: 45 (1933). — Schweickerdt in Bothalia, 4: 157 (1941). — Sturgeon in Rhod. Agric. Journ. 51: 502 (1954). — Chippindall in Meredith, Grasses & Pastures of S. Afr.: 314 fig. 280, map 44 (1955). — de Winter in Bothalia, 8: 296, fig. 74, 75, 76, 159/28 (1965). — W. D. Clayton, F.T.E.A., Gramineae: 156 (1970). — Launert in Merxm., Prodr. Fl. SW. Afr. 160: 30 (1970). Type from S. Africa (Cape).
Aristida rangei Pilg. [family GRAMINEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 48: 344 (1912). — Henrard, Crit. Rev. Aristida 3 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54b: 498 (1928); Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 121, t. 44 (1929). Type from SW. Africa.
Aristida elytrophoroides Chiov. [family GRAMINEAE], in L’Agric. Colon. Firenze, 18: 351 (1924). — Henrard, Crit. Rev. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 168 (1926); Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 124, t. 45 (1929). — Stent & Rattray in Proc. Rhod. Sci. Ass. 32: 45 (1933). — Sturgeon in Rhod. Agric. Journ. 51: 502 (1954). Type from Eritrea.
Aristida congesta var. megalostachya Henrard [family GRAMINEAE], Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 126 (1929); Crit. Rev. Aristida Suppl. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54c: 711 (1933). — Stent & Rattray, loc. cit. — Sturgeon, op. cit.: 503 (1954). Syntypes: Rhodesia, Mrewa, i.1911, Appleton 26 (K); Bulawayo and Matopo Hills, Appleton 17 (K).
Chaetaria congesta Roem. & Schult. Nees [family GRAMINEAE], Fl. Afr. Austr.: 189 (1841). Type as above.
Aristida longicauda Hack. [family GRAMINEAE], in Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 143 (1888). — Dur. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 804 (1894). — Henrard, Crit. Rev. Aristida 2 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54a: 305 (1927); Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 122, t. 44 (1929). — Schweickerdt in Bothalia, 4: 156 (1941). — Sturgeon in Rhod. Agric. Journ. 51: 502 (1954). — Chippindall in Meredith, Grasses & Pastures of S. Afr.: 314 (1955). Type: Mozambique, Carvalho 35 (W, holotype).
Aristida alopecuroides Hack. apud Schinz [family GRAMINEAE], in Verh. Bot. Ver., Prov. Brandenb. 30: 144 (1888); in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4, Append. 3: 17 (1896). — Dur. & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 800 (1894). — Henrard Crit. Rev. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 54: 22 (1926); Monogr. Aristida 1 in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 58: 121, t. 43 (1929). — Schweickerdt in Bothalia, 4: 155 (1941). — Chippindall in Meredith Grasses & Pastures of S. Afr.: 314 (1955). Type from SW. Africa.
Information
Perennial, up to 75(90) cm. high, densely caespitose. Culms erect or geniculate, simple or branched from the lower or upper nodes, rather wiry, nearly terete, glabrous, smooth, 3-4-noded; nodes glabrous, smooth. Leaf-sheaths slightly compressed, striate, glabrous or scaberulous upwards, the lower ones strongly keeled, with margins more or less overlapping at the base, the upper sometimes slightly keeled, tight. Ligule a short-ciliolate rim; auricles barbate or glabrous; collar glabrous or minutely pubescent or somewhat barbate. Leaf-laminae up to 20 cm. long, linear, conduplicate to convolute, usually flat at the base, acuminate, fairly rigid and more or less curved, scabrous or hispidulous above, glabrous and smooth beneath, with the margins not thickened. Panicle up to 20(25) cm. long, dense, contracted, spiciform, often interrupted towards the base, sometimes with 1 or 2 subspicate more or less spreading branches at the base; axis subterete, scaberulous; branches short, solitary, much divided from the base, usually appressed, slightly compressed, scaberulous. Spikelets densely fascicled, purplish or greenish. Glumes unequal, subhyaline; the inferior 4-8 mm. long, lanceolate, scabrous or scaberulous on the keel and often minutely scaberulous on margins towards the apex, often abruptly contracted at the apex, with a short awn, 1-4 mm. long; the superior 5-9 mm. long, narrower, scaberulous on the keel towards the apex, with a short awn 1-3 mm. long. Lemma 4-6 mm. long, tubular, scabrid, finely tuberculed, coarsely scabrid towards the apex; callus 1-1.5 mm. long, acute or acuminate, shortly barbate; column up to 4-6 mm. long, twisted, scabrous or scaberulous; awns subequal, up to 12-25(30) mm. long, scabrous, more or less divergent; articulation between the apex of the column and the base of the awns. 2n = 22.
Habitat
On sandy, basalt and black clayey soils, granite outcrops, Kalahari sand overlying karoo basalt and sandstones, in open grassland, vlei, mopane woodland and paddocks, near hot springs, in fallow fields, on old tobacco lands and in waste places
Range
East Africa southwards to the Cape Province, Orange Free State, Lesotho and south-western Africa
Distribution
Mozambique GI Régulo ?Bambarine, Manjacaze, 19.iii.1948, Torre 7533 (LISC).Zimbabwe S Bubi, on Kalahari sand (near Bunbizwana) R., 24.iii.1931, Pardy in GHS 4870 (SRGH).Zimbabwe E Umtali, Carolina B Farm near Pounsley, 1020 m., 27.ii.1957, Phipps 566 (COI; LISC; SRGH).Zimbabwe C Marandellas, Grasslands, 4.vii.1947, Newton 82 (K; SRGH).Zimbabwe W Matobo, farm drainage, 1440 m., xii.1957, Miller 4845 (SRGH).Botswana SE 240km. NW. of Molepolole, 16.vi.1955, Story 4905 (K; SRGH).Botswana SW 64 km. N. of Kan on road to Ghanzi, 17.ii.1960, de Winter 7364 (K; SRGH).Mozambique M near Magude, c. 13 km. N. of Mapulanguene, 17.ii.1953, Myre & Balsinhas 1543 (LISC).Zimbabwe N Gokwe, Gokwe Golf Course, 11.iii.1963, Bingham 494 (BM; K; SRGH).Zambia S Kafue, 26.iii.1963, van Rensburg 1801 (K).Botswana N Ngamiland, Tsau, 960 m., 19.iii.1961, Vesey-FitzGerald 3264 (BM; K; SRGH).Caprivi Strip Linyanti Area, c. 80?5 km. from Katima on road to Linyanti, c. 910 m., 27.xii.1958, Killick & Leistner 3138 (PRE; SRGH).
Distribution (external)
north-eastern Africa
Notes
This is a very variable sp. and some variants have been described as separate spp. The examination of these variants shows that there exists a complete chain of intermediates, so that it is clearly impossible to draw distinct lines between them. More robust specimens have been described by Henrard as var. megalostachya which grades into A. congesta. A. congesta is closely allied to A. barbicollis having a similar structure of the spikelets and leaf anatomy. In drier areas both have a tendency to become annual. They differ mainly in the characteristics of the panicle which in A. congesta is congested, spiciform, sometimes with 1 or 2 subspicate branches at the base, while in A. barbicollis it is open with spikelets arranged in spiciform clusters at the ends of the branches.

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