Compilation
Celastrus saharae
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Name
Identification
Celastrus saharae Batt. [family CELASTRACEAE ] (stored under name); Verified by Maire, R.,
Related name
- Celastrus saharae
- Gymnosporia saharae
- Gymnosporia senegalensis
Flora
Entry for Maytenus senegalensis Lam. Exell [family CELASTRACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 2, Part 2, page 355, (1966) Author: N. K. Robson
Names
Maytenus senegalensis Lam. Exell [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 26: 223 (1952). — Brenan in Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 8, 3: 238 (1953). — Exell & Mendonça, C.F.A. 2, 1: 8 (1954). — Keay & Blakelock in Keay, F.W.T.A. ed. 2, 1, 2: 624 (1957). — Wilczek, F.C.B. 9: 121 (1960). — Marais in Bothalia, 7: 384 (1960). — White, F.F.N.R.: 218 (1962) pro parte excl. syn. M. cymosa. TAB. 76 fig. A. Type from Senegal, cultivated in Paris.
Celastrus senegalensis Lam. [family CELASTRACEAE], Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1: 661 (1785). — Oliv., F.T.A. 1:361 (1868). Type as above.
Celastrus montanus Roth apud Roem. & Schult. [family CELASTRACEAE], in L., Syst. Veg. ed. nov. 5: 427 (1819). Type from India.
Celastrus coriaceus Guill. & Perr. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Guill., Perr. & Rich., Fl. Senegamb. Tent. 1:142, t. 36 (1831). Type from Senegal.
Catha senegalensis Lam. G. Don [family CELASTRACEAE], Gen. Syst. 2: 10 (1832). Type as for Maytenus senegalensis.
Catha montana Roth G. Don [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. Type as for Celastrus montanus.
Celastrus europaeus Boiss. [family CELASTRACEAE], Elench.: 29 (1838). Type from Spain.
Celastrus senegalensis var. inermis A. Rich. [family CELASTRACEAE], Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 133 (1847). Syn-types from Ethiopia.
Catha grossulariae Tul. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Ann. Sci. Nat., Sér. 4, 8: 99 (1857). Syntypes from Madagascar.
Gymnosporia montana Roth Benth. [family CELASTRACEAE], Fl. Austral. 1: 400 (1863). Type as for Celastrus montanus.
Gymnosporia crenulata Engl. [family CELASTRACEAE], Bot. Jahrb. 10: 38 (1888). — Brenan, T.T.C.L.: 126 (1949). Type from S.W. Africa.
Gymnosporia senegalensis Lam. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, 5; 207 (1892); op. cit. ed. 2, 20b: 149, t. 39 (1942). — Bak. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 44 (1911). — Eyles in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 404 (1916). — Davison in Bothalia, 2: 320 (1927). — Burtt Davy, F.P.F.T. 2: 449 (1932). — Steedman, Trees etc. S. Rhod.: 41, t. 41 (1933). — Burtt Davy & Hoyle, N.C.L.: 38 (1936). — Perrier, Fl. Madag., Celastrac.: 28 (1946). — O. B. Mill., B.C.L.: 35 (1948); in Journ. S. Afr. Bot. 18: 48 (1952). — Brenan, T.T.C.L.: 126 (1949). — Suesseng. in Proc. & Trans. Rhod. Sci. Ass. 43: 110 (1951). — Pardy in Rhod. Agr. Journ. 50, 4: 324, cum tab. (1953). — Williamson, Useful Pl. Nyasal.: 63 (1955). Type as for Maytenus senegalensis.
Gymnosporia senegalensis var. inermis A. Rich. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 17:541 (1893). — Eyles, loc. cit. — Burtt Davy & Hoyle, loc. cit. — Brenan, T.T.C.L.:126 (1949). — Suesseng., loc. cit. Type as for Celastrus senegalensis var. inermis.
Gymnosporia senegalensis forma coriacea Guill. & Perr. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 541 (1893). — Schinz, Pl. Menyharth.: 60 (1905). — Gomes e Sousa, Pl. Menyhart.: 78 (1926). — Brenan, T.T.C.L.: 126 (1949). Type as for Celastrus coriaceus.
Gymnosporia senegalensis forma chartacea Loes [family CELASTRACEAE], ,tom. cit.: 542 (1893). — R.E. Fr.,Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1: 128 (1914). Syntypes from Ethiopia and Sudan Republic.
Gymnosporia senegalensis forma macrocarpa Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. — R.E. Fr., loc. cit. Syntypes from Ethiopia.
Gymnosporia senegalensis var. spinosa Engl. ex Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], loc. cit. — Eyles, loc. cit. — Brenan, T.T.C.L.: 126 (1949). Syntypes from Senegambia, Ethiopia and Sudan Republic.
Gymnosporia grossulariae Tul. Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 543 (1893). Type as for Catha grossulariae.
Celastrus saharae Batt. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 47: 251 (1900). Type from Algeria.
Gymnosporia baumii Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Warb., Kunene-Samb.-Exped. Baum: 291 (1903). Type from Angola.
Gymnosporia dinteri Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Bull. Herb. Boiss., Sér. 2, 3: 823 (1903). Type from SW. Africa.
Gymnosporia eremoecusa Loes. [family CELASTRACEAE], in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 41: 299 (1908); in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20b: 149 (1942). Type from SW. Africa.
Maytenus baumii Loes. Exell & Mendonça [family CELASTRACEAE], tom. cit.: 6 (1954). Type as for Gymnosporia baumii.
Information
Shrub or tree or rarely a shrublet, (0·15)1–9(15) m. high, unarmed or with spines up to 4 cm. long, axillary or terminating short axillary branches, glabrous, without latex; branches unlined, ± flattened, reddish-purple to reddish-brown, often densely glaucous, and sometimes with numerous pale indistinct lenticels at first, becoming terete and eventually grey-brown. Leaves fasciculate or not, petiolate;lamina pale green, usually glaucous, sometimes with reddish midrib, often mottled (at least when dry), 2–11·6 × 0·4–5·7(6·3) cm., oblong or rarely ovate to obovate or oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic or rarely subcircular, rounded or retuse to obtuse or apiculate at the apex, with margin ± densely regularly obtusely serrulate or serrulate-crenulate to subentire or very rarely entire, cuneate to angustate at the base, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, with lateral nerves and relatively lax reticulate venation slightly prominent or not prominent; petiole 3–13(20) mm. long. Cymes dichasial at first, becoming monochasial, solitary and axillary or 1–6 on short axillary shoots or occasionally in axillary panicles, with peduncle 1–16 mm. long;pedicels 0·7–4(6) mm. long, articulated in the lower 1/3 or rarely 1/2; flowers 3–60 or more in each cyme, 2–6 mm. in diam., dioecious or rarely monoecious, scented. Sepals 5, subequal, 0·3–1·2 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-triangular or subcircular, obtuse to rounded with margin ciliolate. Petals 5, white or greenish-white to pale yellow, sometimes tinged pink, 1–3·5 mm. long, elliptic to oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, with margin finely ciliolate. Male flowers with stamens 5, shorter than the petals, with filaments 0·5–1 mm. long, slender, arising below disk;disk relatively broad, flat or slightly concave, shallowly 5–10-lobed; pistillode small, globose. Female flowers with staminodes 5, shorter than ovary; disk as in male flowers; ovary 2(3)-locular, globose, scarcely immersed in the disk; style about as long as ovary, 2(3)-fid at the apex, with small stigmas. Capsule pink to deep red, 2–6 mm. long, globose to pyriform, coriaceous, smooth. Seeds 1–2, dark reddish-brown, glossy, with a fleshy smooth rose-pink aril obliquely covering the lower13–2/3.
Habitat
In deciduous woodland, thickets, scrub and wooded grassland, and also on river-banks and swamp margins
Range
Africa south of the Sahara from Senegal to Eritrea and southward to northern SW. Africa, Bechuanaland Prot., Transvaal and Natal
Altitude range
0–1800 m. in our area (to 2400 m. in the Sudan Republic).
1800
0
Distribution
Mozambique M Marracuene, Costa do Sol, fl. 10.viii.1959, Barbosa & Lemos in Barbosa 8662 (COI; K; LISC; LMJ; PRE;SRGH).Mozambique GI Bilene, environs of Maniqueque, fr. 10.x.1957, Barbosa & Lemos in Barbosa 7982 (COI; K; LISC; LMJ).Mozambique MS Chimoio, between Zembe and R. Revuè, fl. 30.iv.1948, Andrada 1216 (LISC).Mozambique T Tete, Chicoa road, fl. 25.vi.1949, Andrada 1637 (COI; LISC).Mozambique Z Mocuba, Namagoa, 320 km. inland from Quelimane, 60–120 m., fl. & fr. v-viii.1945, Faulkner 200 (BM; K; PRE; SRGH).Malawi S Chikwawa Distr., Lower Mwanza R., 180 m., fr. 6.x.1946, Brass 18007 (K; PRE; SRGH).Malawi C Dedza Distr., Chongoni Forestry School, fl. 13.v.1960, Chapman 699 (BM; SRGH).Zimbabwe S Gwanda, Beitbridge, near Masera Camp, fl. 31.viii.1958, West 3713 (K; LISC; SRGH).Zimbabwe E Inyanga, Van Niekerk Ruins, 1500 m., fl. 4.viii.1950, Chase 2853 (BM; SRGH).Zimbabwe C Hartley, Poole Farm, Umfuli R., fr. 11.viii.1946, Hornby 2957 (K; PRE; SRGH).Zimbabwe W Plumtree, Nata, 1320 m., fl. iv.1953, Davies 526 (K; LISC; SRGH).Zambia S Livingstone, 900 m., fr. 28.viii.1911, Rogers 7420 (BM; K; SRGH).Zambia E Jumbe, c. 1000 m., fr. 12.x.1958, Robson 59 (BM; K; LISC; PRE; SRGH).Zambia C Chilanga Distr., Quien Sabé, fl. & fr. viii-ix.1929, Sandwith 9 (K; SRGH).Zambia W Ndola, fl. 9.i.1955, Fanshawe 1787 (K; SRGH).Zambia N 11 km. NW. of Abercorn, 1410 m., fl. 19.vii.1930, Hutchinson OS Gillett 3911 (BM; K; LISC;SRGH).Botswana SE Mochudi, fl. ii.1914, Rogers 6439 (BM).Botswana SW Gemsbok, fl. 7.v.1930, van Son in Herb. Transv. Mus. 28808 (BM; PRE).Mozambique N between Namapa and Posto do Lúrio, fl. 11.x.1948, Barbosa 2375 (LISC).Malawi N Vipya Mts. between Champoyo and Lwafwa, fl. 24.vi.1960, Chapman 786 (BM; K; SRGH).Zimbabwe N Urungwe, Kansate R., fl. 31.x.1956, Phipps 160 (K; SRGH).Zambia B Balovale, Chavuma, fl. & fr. 4.viii.1952, Gilges 180 (K; PRE; SRGH).Botswana N Serondela, near Chobe R., fl. 25.vii.1950, Robertson & Elffers 45 (K; PRE).
Distribution (external)
Aldabra I.
N. Madagascar
S. Spain
Morocco
Algeria
Egypt
Arabia
Afghanistan
W. Pakistan
India
Notes
M. senegalensis is a very variable species which has frequently been confused with M. heterophylla, from which it can be distinguished inter alia by its unlined reddish or glaucous young shoots, rarely elliptic leaves with densely crenulate or obtusely serrulate margins, and almost constantly 2-locular ovary. (A very few specimens have 1- or 3-locular ovaries among the 2-locular ones.) The variation appears to be continuous throughout the range of the species, although some extreme forms seem distinct at a first glance e.g. the shrublets in Angola (“G. senegalensis var. pumila”) and the damp habitat form occurring from Abercorn and Nyasaland to Angola (“M. baumii”).