Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Abroma augustum
Abroma augustum (L.) J.A.Murray [family STERCULIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, Author: MARTIN CHEEK AND LAURENCE DORR
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
native to tropical Asia.
Shrub to 6 ft tall. Lower leaves to 12.5≈13 cm, 3–5-lobed, upper leaves simple, ovate.
Abrus
ABRUS Adans. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A small pantropical genus of 17 species some of which are difficult to classify.
Woody subshrubs or lianes. Leaves paripinnate; stipules small, usually persistent; stipels minute, filiform; leaflets numerous, opposite, the rhachis projecting beyond the last pair. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, the flowers in fascicles on short reduced branchlets, often arranged unilaterally on the rhachis, or rarely sessile in the axils; bracts and bracteoles present, short save in A. canescens. Flowers small, white, yellow, pink or dark purple. Calyx subtruncate, denticulate or with 5 short teeth, the upper pair partly united. Standard ovate to round, with a short broad claw, glabrous. Stamens 9, joined into a tube split at the apex; vexillary stamen absent; anthers uniform or 4 slightly smaller. Ovary subsessile, many-ovuled; style short, incurved, not bearded; stigma capitate. Pods linear or oblong, subturgid or compressed, more or less septate. Seeds subglobose or ellipsoid and compressed, usually shining, sometimes bright red and black; hilum small, eccentric; rim-aril sometimes developed, usually minute or absent.
ABRUS Hutch. TRIBE TEPHROSIEAE [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A tropical predominantly woody group of genera formerly treated as a subtribe of Galegeae.
Trees, shrubs, woody lianes or herbs. Leaves imparipinnate or (in Tephrosia) digitately 3–7-foliolate or 1-foliolate; leaflets entire, sometimes (particularly in Tephrosia) with closely parallel lateral nerves very oblique to the midrib, rarely glandular-punctate but in Schefflerodendron with shortly stalked globular glands. Inflorescence in East African genera typically a pseudoraceme, i.e. a panicle with the lateral branches reduced often to mere knobs, distinguishable from a true raceme in having 2 or more flowers at each node of the axis. Calyx usually shortly lobed, with upper lobes sometimes connate higher than others, or (in Platysepalum) with upper lobes greatly enlarged. Standard glabrous or hairy outside. Stamens 10; vexillary filament often remaining free at base but becoming adherent to the others higher up to form a tube or sheath. Style glabrous or bearded on the upper part. Fruit 2-valved or tardily dehiscent, sometimes woody. Seeds sometimes with a well-developed aril.
ABRUS canescens Bak. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U2, 4; K5; T1, 4 Gambia to Angola, Congo, Central African Republic, Burundi, Zambia (rare)
Woody climber or subshrub 0.5–3 m. tall from a thick woody rootstock. Stems with adpressed or spreading ferruginous hairs, later glabrescent. Leaves 20–28-foliolate; petiole short; leaflets narrowly oblong or elliptic-oblong, (0.6–)l–2(– 3) cm. long, 2–7(–12) mm. wide, rounded and mucronulate or emarginate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, densely pubescent, particularly beneath, with rather long, curved, ± adpressed greyish hairs. Inflorescences mostly terminal; flowers sessile in usually well-separated verticillate fascicles; peduncles 3–8 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles equalling or exceeding the calyx, 3–6 mm. long. Calyx pubescent, 2–3 mm. long, denticulate. Corolla very dark red or purple, 0.8–1.5 cm. long. Pods oblong, (2.4–)4–5.5 cm. long, 8–12 mm. wide, pubescent and with some glands. Seeds very dark brown, grey-brown or black, compressed-ellipsoid, longest dimension 4–5.5 mm., shorter dimension 3–4 mm., 1.5–2.2 mm. thick; rim-aril cream, ellipsoid with a narrow cartilaginous funicle remnant at one end. Fig. 22, p. 118.
ABRUS precatorius L. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. (of species as a whole). As above with addition of tropical Asia, Australia and Pacific Is.
Woody climber 1–4.5 m. tall, stems often attaining over 1.5 cm. in diameter. Stems usually greenish, sparsely adpressed or somewhat spreading pubescent or glabrous. Leaves 16–34-foliolate; petiole 0.5–1.8 cm. long; leaflets deciduous, oblong, obovate-oblong or ovate, 0.6–2.7 cm. long, 3–10 mm. wide, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous or glabrescent above, sparsely adpressed pubescent or puberulous beneath. Inflorescences thick and robust, 2–7 cm. long; peduncles 1.5–6 cm. long; flowers subsessile in dense fascicles; bracts and bracteoles 0.5–1 mm. long. Calyx sparsely puberulous, 3 mm. long, denticulate. Corolla yellow, white, pink or mauve, 0.9–1.5 cm. long. Pods oblong, somewhat swollen, 2–4(–5) cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. wide, with a hooked beak, covered with dense short ferrugineous adpressed hairs, smooth or densely covered with tubercles forming transverse ridges. Seeds (1)3–7, scarlet with black area around the hilum or very rarely entirely black or yellowish, ovoid, longest dimension 5–7 mm., shorter dimension 4–5 mm., glabrous and shining, usually remaining attached to the edges of the opened valves for some time.
ABRUS precatorius Verdc. subsp. africanus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U1–4; K3, 5–7; T1–4, 6, 8; Z; P widespread throughout tropical Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, also introduced into Australia and the New World
Pods mostly 2–3.5 cm. long; valves muriculate outside.
ABRUS pulchellus (Boutique) Verdc. subsp. suffruticosus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. T4, 7, 8
Prostrate or ascending woody herb or subshrub 0.2–1 m. long, with a woody rhizomatous rootstock. Leaves 22–34-foliolate. Leaflets smaller, 1–1.5 cm. long, 3–4.5 mm. wide. Indumentum usually dense, the stem and rhachis with adpressed or spreading ferruginous hairs contrasting with dense silky grey hairs on the leaves. Pods 2.2–3(–4) cm. long, 0.9–1.2 cm. wide.
ABRUS pulchellus (Benth.) Verdc. subsp. tenuiflorus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U2, 4; T6, 8
Liane 1.8–6 m. tall. Leaves 12–26-foliolate. Leaflets larger, 1.4–4.5 cm. long, 0.7–1.8 cm. wide; indumentum on stem and leaves usually sparse. Pods 2.2–4.5(–6) cm. long, 0.8–1.3 cm. wide.
ABRUS pulchellus Thw. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Prostrate subshrub, woody herb or woody liane up to 6 m. long. Rootstock usually woody, fibrous or rhizomatous. Stems glabrous to densely spreading or adpressed pubescent, the indumentum greyish or ferruginous. Leaves (10–)12–34-foliolate; petiole short to over 2 cm. long; leaflets oblong, 0.35–5 cm. long, 0.1–2 cm. wide, truncate or broadly rounded and mucronulate at the apex, truncate, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous to densely silky pilose above, glabrescent to densely silky pilose beneath. Inflorescences axillary or terminal; flowers subsessile in fascicles on cushion-like reduced branchlets; bracts and bracteoles minute, under 1 mm. long. Calyx adpressed pubescent, 1.5–3 mm. long, subtruncate, shallowly lobed or distinctly toothed. Corolla white to purple, usually pale pink, drying yellowish, 0.8–1.3 cm. long. Pods oblong or linear-oblong, 2.2–7(–9) cm. long, 0.8–1.5 cm. wide, compressed, smooth, sparsely to densely adpressed pubescent, in some areas also with minute red glands. Seeds greyish- or reddish-brown, sometimes speckled with violet or darker brown, oblong or pyriform, usually strongly compressed, arranged with largest dimension across the pod; largest dimension 4–6 mm., shorter dimension (2–)3–4.5 mm., 2–2.5 mm. thick; rim-aril reduced in African material but a conspicuous cartilaginous funicle remnant is present.
ABRUS schimperi (Vatke) Verdc. subsp. africanus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K1, 2, 4, 7; T1, 3 (see note), 4, 5, 7
Leaves 14–20-foliolate. Indumentum of inflorescence-rhachis and calyx greyish.
ABRUS schimperi subsp. schimperi [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U1
Leaves 20–32-foliolate. Indumentum of inflorescence-rhachis and calyx golden.
ABRUS schimperi Bak. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Woody shrub 0.9–3.6 m. tall, virgately branched. Stems adpressed pubescent, later glabrous. Leaves 14–32-foliolate; petioles mostly under 1 cm. long; leaflets oblong-elliptic, distinctly rounded at the sides or in one subspecies oblong with parallel sides, 0.65–3.3 cm. long, 0.45–1.35 cm. wide, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, rounded to subcuneate at the base, glabrous above, finely adpressed puberulous beneath. Inflorescences terminal and in upper axils, 13–30 cm. long; peduncle very short; flowers subsessile in numerous fascicles on very short reduced branchlets; pedicels 2.5 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles very short. Calyx adpressed pubescent, obconic, 3 mm. long, truncate or undulate. Corolla cream, yellow or blue and mauve to purple, the wings usually darker than the standard, 1.1–1.4 cm. long. Pods oblong to oblanceolate, 5.2–7.2 cm. long, 0.7–1.15 cm. wide, the valves rather thick and woody, adpressed pubescent and usually markedly tuberculate. Seeds brown with darker brown mottling, arranged in the pod with the longest dimension at right-angles to the long axis of the pod, rounded-oblong or rhombic, compressed, longest dimension 6–7.5 mm., shorter dimension 5–6 mm., 2.5 mm. thick, finely shagreened; hilum small; rim-aril only slightly developed but a cartilaginous funicle remnant is present.
Abrus sp. a
ABRUS sp. A [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K7 not known elsewhere
Perennial herb 22–30 cm. tall, with several stems from a woody rootstock. Stems adpressed pubescent with mostly pale ferruginous hairs. Leaves 8–16-foliolate; leaflets oblong, 0.8–1.7 cm. long, 4–8 mm. wide, broadly rounded and apiculate at the apex, minutely cordate at the base, ± glabrous above, shortly adpressed pilose beneath; venation raised and reticulate; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm. long. Inflorescences terminal land also with clusters of flowers in the axils below; bracts linear, ± 3 mm. long; bracteoles 2 mm. long. Calyx adpressed pubescent, 3.5 mm. long, shortly toothed. Corolla blue, 1.2–1.3 cm. long. Pods oblong, 3.5 cm. long, 8–9 mm. wide, densely adpressed pubescent. Unripe seeds brown.
Acacia
ACACIA Group F [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Leaf-rhachis without conspicuous glands. Stipules not spinescent. Prickles in threes just below each node, or solitary. Flowers sessile or almost so. Stamen-filaments free; anthers glandular, at least in bud. Pods dehiscent. Seeds subcircular with markedly impressed small to large areole. Trees and shrubs.
ACACIA Group I [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules spinescent. Leaves large. Flowers orange or yellow. Flower-heads in large panicles. Pods dehiscent, coriaceous, straight. Seeds deep brown, subcircular or elliptic, compressed, smooth; areole small. A tree.
ACACIA Group K [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bark yellow to green, powdery or with papery peel. Stipules spinescent; no “ant-galls.” Flower-heads not panicled; involucel half-way up peduncle or below. Flowers white, pink or bright yellow. Pods indehiscent, moniliform or jointed, often tubercled, straight or slightly curved. Seeds olive to blackish-olive, subcircular to elliptic, compressed, smooth; areole small or large. Trees.
ACACIA Group C [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules not spinescent. Prickles irregularly scattered along the stems. Leaf-rhachis without conspicuous glands. Stamen-filaments free; anthers glandular, at least in bud. Pods dehiscent. Seeds with small areole. A climbing shrub (in our area).
ACACIA Group P [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bark grey to dark brown or black, or else rusty-red. Stipules spinescent; no “ant-galls.” Flower-heads not panicled; involucel basal or in lower third of peduncle. Flowers white or cream. Corolla-lobes glabrous or almost so outside. Pods dehiscent, falcate. Seeds blackish-olive to olive-brown, longer than wide, compressed, smooth, lying longitudinally in the pod; areole 2.5–4.5 mm. wide. Trees or shrubs.
ACACIA Group A [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules spinescent, not inflated. Leaf-rhachis with a conspicuous gland between each pair of pinnae. Stamen-filaments shortly connate for about 1 mm. at base; anthers eglandular even in bud. Pods indehiscent, falcate or coiled. Seeds rather large, with large areole. A tree.
ACACIA Group O [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bark grey to black, neither powdery nor peeling. Stipules spinescent; no “ant-galls.” Flower-heads not panicled; involucel basal or in lower half of peduncle. Flowers cream or whitish. Pods contorted or spirally twisted. Seeds olive- to red-brown, compressed, longer than wide, smooth; areole 3–4 mm. wide. A tree.
ACACIA Group T [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bark on branchlets usually pale, green to whitish, or grey, olive or pale brown, and marked with pale dot-like lenticels, occasionally with papery peeling on the old stems. Stipules spinescent; no “ant-galls.” Flower-heads not panicled; involucel normally at or below middle of peduncle. Flowers white, pink, cream or greenish; corolla-lobes ± densely white-pubescent outside. Pods dehiscent, sometimes slowly so, straight or annular, often thick hard and woody, ± densely clothed with very short to rather long hairs, sometimes wing-margined. Seeds not or only slightly compressed, their surface often minutely punctate or wrinkled; areole 3–5 mm. wide. Mostly shrubs, sometimes a small tree.
ACACIA Group D [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules not spinescent. Prickles in pairs just below each node. Leaf-rhachis without conspicuous glands. Flowers pedicellate (pedicels 0.5 mm. or more long). Stamen-filaments free; anthers glandular, at least in bud. Pods dehiscent. Seeds with small areole. Small trees and shrubs.
ACACIA Group B [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules spinescent, often inflated or fusiform. Leaf-rhachis without conspicuous glands. Stamen-filaments free; anthers glandular, at least in bud. Pods dehiscent. Seeds rather small, with small or narrow areole. Trees and shrubs.
ACACIA Group E [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Stipules not spinescent. Prickles in pairs just below each node. Leaf-rhachis without conspicuous glands. Flowers sessile or almost so. Stamen-filaments free; anthers glandular, at least in bud. Pods dehiscent, except in sp. 15. Seeds and areole variable. Trees and shrubs.
ACACIA Group S [family LEGUMINOSAE-MIMOSOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1959) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bark grey to brown or yellowish, sometimes flaking. Stipules spinescent; no “ant-galls.” Flower-heads not panicled; involucel normally apical or in upper half of peduncle. Flowers white or very pale yellow. Pods very slow in dehiscing, straight or sometimes ± curved, flattened but thick and almost woody in texture when dry, glabrous or slightly hairy, without veins. Seeds olive-grey, compressed, smooth; areole large, 5–6 mm. wide. A tree.
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