Flora of Tropical East Africa
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Anticharis
ANTICHARIS Endl. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: S.A. GHAZANFAR, F.N. HEPPER & D. PHILCOX
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
10 species in dry zones, from SW Africa to Arabia and India.
Small herbs, erect, with glandular pubescence. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, often 2-bracteolate. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate. Corolla 5, lobes sub-equal. Stamens 2, anterior, included; filaments inserted above the base of the corolla tube; anthers at first crescent-shaped, after dehiscence straight, free or cohering; staminodes absent; style filiform; stigma slightly bifid. Capsule 2-locular, loculicidal and septicidal. Seeds numerous.
Anticharis arabica Endl. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: S.A. GHAZANFAR, F.N. HEPPER & D. PHILCOX
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K 1
Erect annual, up to 20 cm high, simple or with a few branches, glandular-pubescent throughout. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1–3.5 cm long, ± 2 mm wide, sessile, base attenuate, apex acute, margins entire. Flowers blue with white throat, solitary; pedicels 8–12 mm long, with a pair of subulate bracteoles 1–2 mm long, inserted at or below the middle of the pedicel. Calyx deeply divided, lobes ± 3 mm long, joined only at the base, linear. Corolla tube 8–10 mm long; lobes blue with darker veins, ± 2 mm long, rounded at the apex; anthers free or ± cohering, ciliate; style as long as the corolla tube; stigma slightly bifid. Capsule ovoid, 7–8 mm long, acutely beaked, dehiscing into 4 segments, minutely pubescent. Seeds oblong, 1 mm long, longitudinally ridged, minutely striated.
Anticharis senegalensis (Walp.) Bhandari [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: S.A. GHAZANFAR, F.N. HEPPER & D. PHILCOX
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K 1–3, 6, 7; T 2 extending across the southern Sahara to furthest West Africa, and in the drier parts of South West Africa; Arabia and India
Erect annual, 7–33 cm high, drying blue-black, almost simple or more usually profusely branched, glandular-pubescent throughout; root simple. Leaves linear, 1–3.5 cm long, ± 2 mm wide, sessile, base attenuate, apex acute, margins entire. Flowers blue with white throat, solitary; pedicels 8–12 mm long, with a pair of subulate bracteoles 1–2 mm long, inserted well above the middle. Calyx deeply divided, lobes ± 3 mm long, joined only at the base, linear. Corolla tube 8–10 mm long; lobes blue with darker veins, ± 2 mm long, rounded at the apex; anthers free or ± cohering, ciliate; style as long as the corolla tube; stigma slightly bifid. Capsule ovoid, 7–8 mm long, acutely beaked, dehiscing into 4 segments, minutely pubescent. Seeds oblong, 1 mm long, longitudinally ridged, minutely striated. Fig. 2, p. 11.
Antigonon
Antigonon Endl. [family POLYGONACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1958) Author: R. A. GRAHAM
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
None
Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. [family POLYGONACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1958) Author: R. A. GRAHAM
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K7, T6 a native of Mexico, introduced into our area.
A shrubby climber with tendrilous branches, cordate leaves with petioles basally ± amplexicaul but without ocreae, with 6 (3 + 3) pink or white, accrescent, papery, reticulately veined tepals up to about 2 cm. long, and with nuts 8–9 mm. long, very acute and sharply trigonous in the upper half.
Antirrhinum majus L. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: S.A. GHAZANFAR, F.N. HEPPER & D. PHILCOX
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Erect herb up to 50 cm. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, up to 40 mm long. Flowers red to yellow, tubular, strongly 2-lipped. Capsule ovoid, velvety green.
Antrophyum
ANTROPHYUM Kaulf. [family VITTARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A pantropical genus of 40–50 species.
Epiphytic or growing on rocks, etc., with short creeping rhizome bearing clathrate scales, numerous matted roots and clustered or closely spaced fronds. Fronds stipitate or sessile, linear to round, mostly without a differentiated midrib; veins anastomosing to form large elongate areoles, without included veinlets. Sori superficial or in grooves, 2 or more very long sori between the midrib and margin, or usually many on the anastomosing veins, without an indusium; paraphyses present in species without a midrib (subgen. Antrophyum to which nearly all Old World and one Central American species belong) but absent in all but 1 species with a midrib. Spores monolete or trilete.
ANTROPHYUM boryanum (Willd.) Spreng. [family VITTARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Epiphyte; rhizome short with narrowly lanceolate scales prolonged into a long flagellum, formed of large cells with thick black walls. Fronds tufted; lamina oblanceolate, 11–25 cm long, 2–7 cm wide, acute to round at apex, narrowed at base into a thick stipe 5–10 cm long or long-decurrent at base and frond sessile or subsessile, scaly at extreme base; nerves densely reticulate with very numerous small areoles. Sori rusty brown, very narrow, superficial, reticulate; spores ellipsoid, monolete (see note).
ANTROPHYUM boryanum (Willd.) C. Chr. var. obtusum [family VITTARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. T 6, 7
Frond lamina rounded at apex, long-decurrent at base, sessile or subsessile.
ANTROPHYUM immersum (Willd.) Hook. & Baker [family VITTARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U 4; T 3, 6
Epiphyte; rhizome short; scales lanceolate, the margins with short processes, long-tapering, the cells with red-brown walls. Fronds tufted; lamina oblanceolate to obovate, 3–19 cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm wide, acute to rounded at the apex, narrowly decurrent at the base into a stipe 0.5–5 cm long; juvenile fronds very rounded; midrib only apparent at the extreme base. Sori deeply immersed in narrow grooves, widely reticulate; paraphyses red-brown, capitate, thickened at apex; spores trilete, globose-tetrahedral.
ANTROPHYUM mannianum Hook. [family VITTARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1999) Author: B. Verdcourt, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U 2, 4; K 5; T 3, 6, 7 Guinea to Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, Congo (Kinshasa), Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, and N Mozambique
Epiphyte; rhizome short, creeping, clothed with black clathrate subulate ciliate scales up to 6 mm long. Fronds tufted, usually hanging; lamina rhombic, triangular or broadly elliptic to ovate, 11–29 cm long, 5–23.5 cm wide, rounded and abruptly acuminate at the apex, occasionally with 3 triangular lobes near the apex, broadly cuneate at the base, slightly undulate or crenate at margin, glabrous; stipes brown, 9–27.5 cm long. Sori superficial, linear along the veins forming an irregular network; paraphyses clavate; spores monolete, bean-shaped. Fig. 2.
Aphanocalyx
MONOPETALANTHUS Harms [family LEGUMINOSAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1967) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
About 14 species, all tropical African, nearly all in evergreen forest, and reaching their eastern limit in Tanganyika and Zambia.
Unarmed evergreen trees. Leaves paripinnate, with leaflets in one to many pairs; stipules persistent or quickly falling off, united and intrapetiolar, sometimes auriculate at base; leaflets opposite, very asymmetric at base, with midrib marginal or sometimes ± central; translucent gland-dots absent. Flowers in axillary dense racemes which are strobiliform (with imbricate bracts) when young; racemes sometimes aggregated into lateral or terminal panicles; bracteoles 2, well-developed, valvate, completely enclosing the flower buds, persistent. Hypanthium very short indeed, hardly present. Sepals very small or absent, 0–5. Petals: 1 relatively large, well-developed; the other 4 absent or rudimentary. Stamens (8–)9–10, fertile; filaments very shortly connate at base, or one of them free. Ovary densely pubescent, very shortly stipitate; stipe free; ovules 2–3(–6, fide Pellegrin); style elongate, with an abruptly and peltately enlarged stigma. Pods compressed, dehiscent, 2-valved; each valve with 1 (rarely 2) strong longitudinal nerve running from stipe to style. Seeds compressed, apparently without areoles, borne on short funicles.
Aphanocalyx richardsiae
MONOPETALANTHUS richardsiae J. Léon. [family LEGUMINOSAE-CAESALPINIOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1967) Author: J. P. M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. T4
Tree 3–12(–25, fide Devred & Bamps) m. high; young branchlets glabrous to shortly pubescent. Leaves with stipules quickly falling off; petiole 1–6 mm. long; leaflets in one pair, sessile, coriaceous, glabrous or almost so, semi-elliptic or semi-ovate-elliptic, l.7–7.5(–10) cm. long, 0.6–3.2(–4.5) cm. wide (to 9 × 4.5 cm. on juvenile shoots), acutely or sometimes obtusely ± acuminate at apex, rounded on outer side at base; vein-network prominent on both surfaces. Racemes 1–3.5 cm. long, brown-pubescent. Bracteoles subcircular, 4.5–7 mm. long and up to 6 mm. wide, brown-pubescent outside. Sepals 0, or 1–2 of them up to 3.5 × 2.5 mm. and 1–2 minute. Large petal white, 5–8 mm. long, 4–6 mm. wide, shortly clawed, with subcircular lamina; other petals 0, or 1–2 minute. Stamens 9–10; filaments glabrous. Pods asymmetric, ± oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 2.5–3.7 cm. long, 1.5–2.3 cm. wide, glabrescent, with 1(–2) prominent longitudinal nerves on each valve, 1–2-seeded. Seeds ± 1.2 × 0.9–1 cm., apparently dark brown. Fig. 42, p. 197.
Aphloia
APHLOIA (DC.) Benn. [family FLACOURTIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1975) Author: H. Sleumer (Rijksherbarium, Leiden)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Monotypic—though variable as to vegetative characters and the size of the flowers—in eastern Africa, in Madagascar including the Comores, the Mascarenes and Seychelles.
Shrubs or trees, entirely glabrous. Leaves persistent, alternate, serrate or serrulate, rarely subentire, penninerved, petiolate; stipules minute, caducous. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary or in few-flowered racemes or fascicles, sweet-scented; bracts scale-like, minute; pedicels with 1–3 scaly bracteoles in the lower half. Sepals 4–5(–6), free except at the base, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens very numerous, free, inserted towards the edge of a slightly concave receptacle; filaments filiform; anthers small, introrse, dorsifixed near the base. Ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, 1-locular, the one parietal placenta with rather few horizontal ovules in 2 rows; stigma subsessile, large, peltate, with a median furrow. Fruit a fleshy berry with ± 6 discoid seeds; testa crustaceous, white, glossy.
APHLOIA theiformis (Vahl) Benn. [family FLACOURTIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1975) Author: H. Sleumer (Rijksherbarium, Leiden)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K7; T2, 3, 6–8
Shrub or generally a slender tree, up to 20 m. tall. Branchlets drooping, brown, longitudinally striate with a stronger line decurrent from a stipular cushion. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, or oblanceolate, apex subacute or obtuse, base cuneate, firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, often becoming bluish-green when dried, glabrous, serrate to serrulate, often entire towards the base, 3–8 cm. long, 1.2–2.8 cm. broad; lateral nerves 8–10 pairs, rather inconspicuous; petioles up to 3 mm. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2–3 (rarely more) in a fascicle or short raceme, 8–10 mm. in diameter; pedicels ± 1 cm. long. Sepals white, turning yellowish, orbicular, ± 5 mm. across, connate for 1–1.5 mm. at the base, the inner 3 more membranous and petaloid. Filaments 4–5 mm. long; anthers orbicular, 0.7 mm. across. Ovary ellipsoid; stigma as wide as the ovary, persistent. Berry globose, white, ± 5 mm. across. Seeds ± 2 mm. across. Fig. 19.
Apochiton
APOCHITON C. E. Hubbard [family POACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, Part (Part 2), page 177, (1974) Author: W. D. CLAYTON, S. M. PHILLIPS AND S. A. RENVOIZE
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Species 1; Tanzania. The genus is readily recognized by its unique 2-awned palea.
Annual. Leaf-blades linear; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a panicle, its branches sometimes simple and reduced to racemes. Spikelets laterally compressed, disarticulating between the florets; glumes persistent, slightly unequal, 3-nerved, mucronate or short-awned; lemmas shortly exserted from the glumes, membranous, keeled, awned from the entire apex; paleas shorter than the lemmas, the keels ciliate below the middle and both drawn out into a stiff awn. Grain narrowly oblong with a free membranous pericarp, trigonous in cross section.
APOCHITON burttii C. E. Hubbard [family POACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, Part (Part 2), page 177, (1974) Author: W. D. CLAYTON, S. M. PHILLIPS AND S. A. RENVOIZE
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. T1, 2, 4, 5, 7 not known elsewhere
Loosely tufted annual. Culms 20–90 cm. high, erect or geniculately ascending and rooting at the lower nodes. Leaf-blades up to 30 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, glabrous or sparsely hairy on the upper surface. Panicle oblong or ovate, 3–20 cm. long, loose; pedicels 1–2 mm. long. Spikelets 3–5-flowered, oblong, 6–8 mm. long; glumes lanceolate, the lower 4.5–5.5 mm. long, the upper 5–6.5 mm. long; lemmas ovate, mostly 4–5.5 mm. long, appressedly silky pubescent below the middle, with an awn 2–3 mm. long; paleas 2.5–3 mm. long, the awns 2–3.5 mm. long. Fig. 59, p. 187.
Apodytes
APODYTES Arn. [family ICACINACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1968) Author: G. Ll. Lucas
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of about 15 species confined to tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Australia (Queensland).
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, penninerved. Flowers in terminal or more rarely axillary panicles, hermaphrodite, regular. Sepals 5, united at the base to give small deltoid lobes, persistent in fruit. Petals 5, free, valvate, oblong-linear, glabrous. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals; filaments subulate, basally attached to petal; anthers almost sagittate. Disk absent. Ovary unilocular, bearing a fleshy lateral lobe; style eccentric; stigma truncate, very small; ovules 2, pendulous. Fruit a drupe, with a large lateral appendage, and bearing remains of persistent style.
APODYTES dimidiata var. dimidiata [family ICACINACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1968) Author: G. Ll. Lucas
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. U1, 4; K3–5; T1, 2, 4–8 Congo Republic and southwards into Angola and South Africa
Ovary pubescent; fruit sparsely pubescent. Fig. 2/5–7, p. 5.
APODYTES dimidiata (A. Rich.) Boutique var. acutifolia [family ICACINACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1968) Author: G. Ll. Lucas
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K1, 3–7; Tl–3, 5–7; Z It is to be expected in Zambia and probably Mozambique.
Ovary and fruit glabrous. Fig. 2/1–4, p. 5.
APODYTES dimidiata Arn. [family ICACINACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1968) Author: G. Ll. Lucas
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Trees or much branched shrubs up to 25 m. high, the larger trees with fluted trunks. Bark smooth, grey; young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent; older branches grey-brown with pale lenticels. Leaf-blade very variable, ovate-elliptic or broadly elliptic to oblong, 2–15 cm. long, 1.5–8 cm. wide, shortly acuminate or acute to obtuse, cuneate, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, the margin slightly recurved, with the midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, and the secondary veins inconspicuous, turning black on drying. Flowers many, usually in terminal panicles, rarely axillary, shortly pedicellate or sessile, sweet-scented; bracts minute or absent. Calyx small, up to 0.5 mm. long, with 5 deltoid lobes. Petals 5, free, white, drying black, linear, ± 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide. Ovary ovoid, up to 0.7 mm. long; style eccentric, with the stigmatic surface slightly enlarged at apex, persistent. Fruit oblique, asymmetric, oblong-obovate, laterally compressed, 5–11 mm. long, 5–9 mm. high, 3–4 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent, black with the lateral lobe red.
Aporrhiza
APORRHIZA Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1998) Author: DAVIES & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
About 6 species in tropical Africa, poorly known apart from A. paniculata; there is a shortage of flowering material in herbaria.
Small to medium-sized, monoecious trees. Leaves with 2–7(–11) pairs of entire coriaceous leaflets. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculate. Flowers regular; sepals 5, nearly free, densely pubescent; petals 5, clawed, with a small to equally large bilobed scale, shaggy-hairy in the lower half; disk glabrous, lobed. Stamens (6–)7–8; filaments folded in bud; anthers oblong, sagittate at the base, glabrous. Ovary bilobed, bilocular; style short. Fruit with 2 (or 1 by abortion) diverging compressed dehiscent mericarps, externally pubescent with either grey, green or golden hairs, glabrous and reddish inside. Seeds black, bean-shaped, more than half covered by a yellow or orange aril.
APORRHIZA paniculata Radlk. [family SAPINDACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1998) Author: DAVIES & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
DISTR. K 7; T 3, 4, 6, 7; Z
Tree 4.5–22 m. tall; bark smooth, grey; young parts and fruits with a short, velvety, reddish or grey-green pubescence. Petiole 1–9 cm. long, woody; rhachis 10–36 cm. long; leaflets in 3–5 pairs, subopposite; petiolules fleshy, sparsely pilose; blade oblong-elliptic or elliptic, the terminal pair largest, 9–25 cm. long, 5–9 cm. wide, the other pairs progressively smaller, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base acute, coriaceous, glabrous throughout or some hairs on the veins beneath; lateral veins in 8–11 pairs, prominent beneath, impressed above. Inflorescence-axes 20–50 cm. long; branches 2–16 cm. long. Calyx-lobes green, 2 mm. long, silky hairy; petals yellow or white, equalling the sepals, claw 1 mm. long, limb 1.5 mm. long, ovate, scale bilobed, ciliate. Stamens 7–8; filaments bent into a zigzag in bud, pilose throughout, 2.8 mm. long at maturity. Ovary rudiment in male flowers similar to but much smaller than the ovary. Mericarps 2, semicircular in outline, compressed, 1.5–2 cm. long, 1–1.2 cm. wide, densely finely adpressed-pubescent, internally glabrous and shining. Seed black, ± 1.3 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, 4/5 covered by an orange aril. Fig. 5.
Aptosimum
APTOSIMUM Burch. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (2008) Author: S.A. GHAZANFAR, F.N. HEPPER & D. PHILCOX
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
About 40 species in tropical Africa, mainly southern Africa.
Undershrubs or woody herbs, densely branched. Leaves alternate, congested, narrow, often spinescent, 1-veined. Inflorescence axillary, 1-several-flowered; flowers ± sessile, 2-bracteolate. Calyx usually deeply 5-segmented, lobes subulate. Corolla tube veined, long, lower portion narrow, expanded above into a tubular throat; corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal, rounded, the two upper outside in aestivation. Stamens 4, didynamous, attached near the middle or base of the corolla, included; anthers transverse, hispid or ciliate, unilocular by confluence, those of the two lower smaller, posticous ones often empty; staminodes absent; style filiform; stigma large or small, emarginate. Capsule globose, apex emarginate or rounded, compressed at the top at right angles to the septum, septicidally 2-locular. Seeds numerous. Testa reticulate.
Arachis
ARACHIS L. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora of Tropical East Africa, page 1, (1971) Author: J. B. GILLETT, R. M. POLHILL & B. VERDCOURT
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of about a score of species in S. America one of which, the groundnut, is widely cultivated throughout the warmer parts of the world.
Annual or perennial erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves paripinnately 4-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate; stipules partly adnate to the petiole, membranous, apiculate, persistent and veined; stipels absent. Inflorescences axillary short dense sessile 2–7-flowered spikes; bracts membranous, the primary ones biapiculate; bracteoles absent. Flowers ± sessile, soon deciduous; receptacle long and filiform, pedicel-like. Calyx membranous, filiform, 5-lobed, the 4 upper lobes joined, the lower ± free. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow, sometimes striped with red. Standard rounded, shortly narrowed at the base; wings free; keel beaked, incurved. Stamens all joined, 8–10; 4–5 anthers elongate and subbasifixed, alternating with 4–5 short and versatile ones. Ovary subsessile, situated at the base of the receptacular tube, linear, (l–)2–4(–7)-ovuled; style filiform, very long, soon deciduous; stigma minute, terminal. Fruit oblong or sausage-shaped, 1–6-seeded, restricted between the seeds but not articulated, continuous inside, functionally indehiscent, the walls thick and reticulate, developing below the soil, having been pushed beneath by the considerable lengthening, reflexing and stiffening of the gynophore. Seeds irregularly ovoid or oblong; cotyledons thick and fleshy, rich in oil.
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