Flora Zambesiaca
10,373 Objects
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Abelmoschus
Abelmoschus Medic. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves palmately lobed or divided (rarely almost entire). Flowers solitary, axillary or in terminal racemes by reduction of the upper leaves. Epicalyx of 6–numerous filiform or linear bracteoles or much reduced and very caducous. Calyx thin, splitting laterally, circumscissile, slightly joined to the base of the corolla and deciduous with it. Staminal tube as in Hibiscus. Ovary 5-locular, loculi pluriovulate; style not manifestly branched, with 5 sessile or subsessile capitate stigmas. Capsule elongated, oblong or ellipsoid. Seeds with minute stellate hairs and sometimes also pilose.
Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Native of tropical Asia now widespread in cultivation throughout the tropics (and in S. Africa) and sometimes naturalized.
Annual herb up to 2 m. tall; stems succulent, setulose. Leaf-lamina up to 25 × 25 cm., suborbicular in outline, palmatifid, -lobed or -sect, sparsely to densely setulose or setose-pilose on both surfaces especially on the nerves, margins serrate, base cuneate to cordate; petiole up to 30 cm. long; stipules up to 15 mm. long, filiform, densely pilose. Flowers up to 8 cm. in diam., yellow with purple centre; peduncle 1–4 cm. long, stout, thickened in fruit. Epicalyx of 10–12 bracts; bracts up to 25 × 2·5 mm., narrowly linear-triangular, caducous. Calyx 3–4 cm. long, with 5 short linear teeth. Petals up to 7–8 cm. long. Staminal tube 12–20 mm. long; free parts of filaments up to 0·5 mm. long. Style projecting up to 1 mm. beyond the staminal tube. Capsule up to 14 cm. long, ellipsoid to very narrowly ellipsoid, at first appressed-setose and pubescent, later glabrescent. Seeds 5 × 4 mm., depressed-globose, slightly humped, with concentric lines of minute stellate hairs or scales and sometimes pilose.
Abuliton grandifolium
Abuliton grandifolium Willd. Sweet [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
is cultivated in Mozambique as a potential fibre crop on experimental farms;
this species is conspicuously pilose on stems, petioles and pedicels, and has mericarps awned at the dorsal apical angle (not with apical awns as in the indigenous A. engleranum, which is also pilose).
Abutilon
Abutilon Mill. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Pantropical and also in most subtropical regions. Over 150 species, some ruderal, some in open, dry and sunny situations such as forest margins, savannas, exposed rocky slopes etc. and a few in moister habitats such as dense thickets and (mountain) forests.
Biennial to perennial (rarely annual) erect or occasionally spreading herbs or shrubs, variously pubescent, usually with stellate hairs. Leaves petiolate, usually more or less ovate in outline with cordate base. Flowers generally yellow to orange, rarely white, mauve or purple, small to medium-sized, axillary, solitary or fascicled, rarely 2–4-nate on a common peduncle, sometimes on short axillary leafy side-shoots, sometimes aggregated in terminal and lateral leafy pseudo-panicles; pedicels usually articulated in the upper half often near the apex. Epicalyx absent. Calyx with a cupular to campanulate tube; lobes 5, distinct, semi-orbicular to lanceolate, usually acute to acuminate. Petals 5, connate at the base and adnate to the base of the staminal tube, usually conspicuously longer than the calyx and in open flowers usually spreading to rotate, generally obovate with a narrow subunguiculate often ciliate basal portion. Staminal tube divided at the apex into many filaments, dilated below, glabrous or stellate-pubescent; free parts of filaments terete; anthers reniform. Carpels 5 to c. 40, 3–9-ovulate, in a circle around a distinct torus and joined to form a subglobose gynoecium; style-branches as many as the carpels, terete, filiform or clavate; stigmas simple to somewhat capitate. Fruit subglobose or turbinate to hemispherical or almost disk-shaped, often truncate, depressed or umbilicate at the apex; mericarps 5 to many, laterally compressed, follicular, (1) 2–3 (9)-seeded, separating from the ultimately conical or subcylindric and usually more or less produced or dilated to capitate torus and usually dehiscing by the ventral suture, ultimately grey or brown to black, oblong to subrectangular, reniform or more or less semi-orbicular, rounded to truncate at the base and rounded, truncate or acute at the apex, muticous to mucronate, apiculate or awned at the upper dorsal (outer) angle or at the apex, the ventral side with a usually distinct retrorse tooth which originally fitted over and against the apex of the torus. Seeds reniform, often unequally so and more or less comma-shaped, glabrous, puberulous or stellate-tomentose, smooth, finely pitted or minutely papillose to verruculose; embryo curved; cotyledons folded; endosperm scanty.
Abutilon angulatum Guill. & Perr. Mast. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
An erect glaucous or yellowish or brownish shrub, usually 1–3 m. tall, occasionally taller, usually with only a few long side-branches in addition to the main stem but producing many short side-branches mainly in the flowering portions; stems up to 2–3 cm. in diam. near the base, greenish, terete or angled when young, shortly velutinous (as are all other vegetative parts, pedicels and calyces), occasionally with additional sparse small floccose tufts of stellate hairs, soon becoming angular owing to coarse longitudinal ridges originating below each node, glaucous-green to dull greyish-purple, semi-woody with a large pith, only at length glabrescent. Leaf-lamina up to 30 × 25 cm. (much smaller in upper leaves), rather dark glaucous-grey-green above, much paler below (usually conspicuously so and greyish), cordate-ovate to suborbicular-cordate or occasionally triangular-cordate, usually acuminate, with deep basal sinus, indistinctly serrate, crenate or minutely callous-dentate; petiole of larger leaves about as long as the corresponding lamina, rather stout, longitudinally sulcate, subpulvinate at the base, that of upper leaves thinner and often shorter to much shorter than the lamina. Flowers yellow, orange or apricot, numerous, on lateral and subterminal short shoots (often again branched), the flowering branchlets arranged in large lateral and terminal pseudo-panicles, each flower solitary but the buds (and new side-branches) formed in such rapid succession that the buds are often apparently fasciculate; pedicels 3 (S) cm. long, articulated in the upper 10 mm. Calyx 10–15 mm. long, shallowly cupular, lobed to about the middle; lobes 3–4 (5) mm. long, suberect, ovate-triangular to triangular or ovate-lanceolate, minutely apiculate and densely but finely white-ciliate with inconspicuous or distinctly keeled midrib. Petals 9–12 mm. long. Staminal tube densely stellate-hairy. Fruit c. 9–12 × 8 mm., depressed-globose, umbilicate, densely stellate-tomentose, often ± floccose. Mericarps 20–30, rounded apically and dorsally but in the outer (dorsal) upper portion often with an obtuse (rarely subacute) angle, 1-seeded. Seeds verruculose or smooth, glabrous.
Abutilon angulatum var. angulatum [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widespread in tropical Africa
Indumentum glaucous. Flower-buds not angular. Calyx-lobes usually less than 6 mm. long, triangular, not or inconspicuously veined.
Abutilon angulatum var. macrophyllum Bak. f. Hochr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Indumentum more yellowish or brownish than glaucous. Inflorescences usually shorter and narrower and often more condensed than in var. angulatum. Flower-buds distinctly angular. Calyx-lobes usually more than 7 mm. long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, with distinct median veins or ± keeled.
Abutilon austro-africanum Hochr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Shrublet 0·5–0·75 m. tall, often spreading, canescent to glaucous with a short greyish velvety indumentum and additional long soft patent white hairs (rarely very sparse or almost lacking); stems greyish- or yellowish-green when young, soon glabrescent and becoming pale-purplish-brown, ultimately woody with an ash-grey smooth or finely longitudinally fissured bark. Leaf-lamina 2–5 (8) × 1–3 (5) cm., cordate-triangular to ovate-cordate, apex acute or somewhat acuminate or rounded, margin crenate to crenate-serrate often with minutely callous-mucronate serrations, dark-greyish-green and velvety above, much paler, glaucous-grey and finely velvety beneath, venation of lower surface somewhat prominent and conspicuous owing to its whitish or pale yellow colour; petiole usually shorter than the lamina, terete. Flowers yellow, solitary, axillary on main branches (not on condensed short axillary shoots); pedicels (10) 25–50 mm. long, slender, terete, articulated near the apex. Calyx 9–12 mm. long, widely campanulate, incised beyond the middle; lobes 6–8 mm. long, triangular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate-apiculate, with a prominent median vein and usually in addition with a faint longitudinal vein on either side. Petals 11–14 × 8 mm., conspicuously ciliate in basal narrowed portion, often marked with reddish spots at the base and reddish-veined in lower portion. Staminal tube rather shortly conical, sparsely stellate-hairy to glabrous except at the very base. Fruit c. 14 × 5 mm., discoid-subglobose, truncate at the apex and widely umbilicate in the centre, stellate-hairy. Mericarps 20–30, c. 7 × 5 mm., ultimately black, 1-seeded, the upper edge slanting upwards into the usually sharply pointed to shortly apiculate dorsal apical angle. Seeds c. 2·5 mm. long, punctate-verruculose.
Abutilon engleranum Ulbr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Suffrutex up to c. 2 m. tall, sparsely branched, finely velutinous and in addition with usually rather dense patent long soft white hairs, the indumentum usually light-yellowish-grey but turning brown and gradually disappearing with age; stems rather stout, terete, ultimately light brown or purplish with numerous short fine longitudinal fissures. Leaf-lamina c. 3–8 (16) cm. in diam., thin but firm in texture, usually ± suborbicular, sometimes slightly 3-lobed, apex with a rather long acumen or occasionally rounded, margin irregularly and rather coarsely serrate, ± biserrate or somewhat crenate, base cordate (usually deeply so), upper surface finely velutinous, deep greyish-green to yellowish-green, lower surface paler, ash-grey or pale green with prominent veins; petiole as long as or longer than the corresponding lamina, slender, terete or somewhat flattened at the base. Flowers yellow, axillary; pedicels c. 7 cm. (up to 8 cm. in fruit) long, articulated towards the apex. Calyx c. 15 mm. long, campanulate, divided beyond the middle; lobes 10 × 5 mm., ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate to aristate, velutinous inside. Petals c. 16 × 10 mm., shortly pubescent outside and along the upper edge inside. Staminal tube c. 12 mm. long, conical, rather densely stellate-pubescent. Fruit about 15 mm. in diam. at the apex, about 12 mm. near the base, obconical-turbinate, shallowly umbilicate, stellate-hairy, the sides enclosed by the slightly accrescent calyx. Mericarps 16–20, c. 10 × 4 mm., somewhat oblique, usually 3-seeded; the apical edge slanting, convex to nearly straight, the inner angle almost continuous with the large ventral tooth, the upper outer angle very acute or produced into a short awn up to 2 mm. long. Seeds 3 × 2–5 mm., minutely punctate-verruculose.
Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widely spread in all the drier areas of the western half of Africa from Senegambia to SW. Africa, in the Transvaal and also from Kenya to Egypt and from Arabia to India
Shrub 0·5–1·25 (2) m. tall, much branched, canescent to glaucous-grey with a dense very short velvety indumentum; stems terete, slender, at length glabrescent, woody and ultimately covered with a light brown or greyish bark with short darker linear markings. Leaf-lamina 2–6 (10) × 1·5–4 (6) cm., apex obtuse to acute or somewhat acuminate, margin usually subentire to slightly crenate or serrate, less often more conspicuously serrate, upper surface grey-green with indistinct venation, lower surface paler and canescent with distinct somewhat prominent venation; petiole somewhat shorter or slightly longer than the corresponding lamina. Flowers solitary on the main branches and/or on short leafy axillary shoots; pedicels 0·5–4 (8) cm. long, slender, terete, articulated near the apex. Calyx 5–6 mm. long, broadly campanulate to cupular, divided to about the middle; lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, mucronate, minutely ciliate, with indistinct median vein. Petals 7–10 mm. long. Staminal tube stellate-hairy. Fruit 8 × 10–12 mm., broadly cylindric with rounded base, widely and shallowly umbilicate. Mericarps usually c. 10, broadly keeled in apical half (hence fruit in upper half characteristically furrowed between the mericarps), obliquely truncate-convex at the apex with the dorsal angle subacute to shortly mucronate but not awned, when not yet ripe densely and shortly greyish-green, ultimately grey-brown, stellate-tomentose dorsally and on the apical dorsal area of the flat sides, not turning black. Seeds usually 3, c. 1·5 × 1·5 mm., usually greyish-brown, minutely verruculose-punctate.
Abutilon grandiflorum G. Don [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Herb or soft-wooded shrub, 0·75–1·5 m. tall, annual or biennial, softly velutinous; stems terete, green or grey-green to olive, branched from the base, the older parts glabrescent and somewhat woody. Leaf-lamina up to 15 cm. long and 14 cm. broad but often much smaller, broadly ovate-cordate, green, lower surface slightly paler, usually long-acuminate with narrow acumen, margin rather coarsely and irregularly serrate to doubly serrate; petiole generally about as long as the corresponding lamina. Flowers axillary on main branches; pedicels up to 8 cm. long, articulated in the upper 11 mm. Calyx 15–17 mm. long, cupuliform, not much accrescent in fruit, lobed a little beyond the middle; lobes triangular to ovate-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate into a sharp apex. Petals 15–20 mm. long, yellow. Staminal tube velutinous towards the base. Fruit c. 13 × 20 mm., depressed-globose, truncate to shallowly umbilicate, softly stellate-pilose and shortly stellate-pubescent. Mericarps c. 20, 2–3-seeded, the dorsal apical angle triangular-pointed to shortly awned, the back and a narrow zone along the upper edge with more or less pilose hairs, the lateral flat sides finely stellate-pubescent. Seeds c. 2 × 1·75 mm., punctate-lepidote, glabrous except for a tuft of hairs near the hilum.
Abutilon grantii Meeuse [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Perennial or biennial shrublet up to 1 (1–5) m. tall; stems slender, tough when young, somewhat angular or sulcate, soon terete, covered with a short stellate-tomentose, floccose or scabridulous but not velvety indumentum, sometimes somewhat glandular-viscid on the young parts, glabrescent, greyish usually turning brown to purplish-brown or almost black, ultimately woody and marked with longitudinal short shallow grooves. Leaf-lamina 1–4 (6) × 0·75–3 (5) cm., thin but firm, usually triangular-cordate with broadly rounded basal lobes and abruptly acuminate into a long narrowly-triangular acumen (often with lobules at the base of the acumen and the lamina thus appearing 3-lobed), sometimes ovate-cordate or cordate-triangular, margin varying from subentire or sinuous to ± crenate or bluntly and occasionally coarsely dentate, often discolorous but sometimes lower surface only slightly paler, upper surface dark greyish-green to brown, very shortly velutinous and smooth or with additional coarse stellate hairs, glabrescent, lower surface paler to almost ash-grey or white, velutinous; petiole slender, longer or shorter than the lamina, more or less densely stellate-pubescent, sometimes somewhat viscid and often with pilose hairs at the apex (if so, often also long hairs on veins near leaf-base on lower surface). Pedicels on main shoots, slender, generally much longer than the petioles and often exceeding the leaves, finely stellate-pubescent, articulated in upper 10 mm. Calyx grey-green, velutinous-tomentose; tube 3–4 mm. long and 6–7 mm. in diam. at the apex, cupuliform; lobes 5–7 × 3–4 mm., ovate- or oblong-elliptic to elliptic, subacute, minutely apiculate. Petals 11–13 mm. long, yellow, glabrous except at the base. Staminal tube stellate-hirsute. Fruit c. 12 × 18 mm., hemispherical, umbilicate-truncate, finely stellate-pubescent. Mericarps 10–20, 10–11 × 8–9 mm., much compressed, papery, 2–3-seeded, obliquely truncate to somewhat convex at the slanting apical side and produced at the outer angle into a sharp point or a subulate awn up to 3 mm. long. Seeds c. 2–5 × 2 mm., dark brown, minutely verrucose-papillose.
Abutilon guineense Schumach. Bak. f. & Exell [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
From Ghana to Angola
Herbaceous to suffruticose annual or biennial up to c. 1·5 m. tall, branched from the base and densely covered with a yellowish stellate indumentum; stems subterete, ultimately glabrescent and closely marked with short linear-rhombic shallow grooves. Leaf-lamina up to 8 (12) × 8 (12) cm., broadly ovate- to suborbicular-cordate, acute or obtuse or somewhat acuminate, upper surface deep yellowish-green; rugose-scabrid (rough to the touch) and thinly stellate-pubescent, lower surface paler and softly tomentose, margin finely and rather regularly (sometimes indistinctly) crenate or dentate; petiole about as long as the corresponding lamina. Flowers solitary in the axils of upper leaves of main stems; pedicels up to 8 (10) cm. long, terete, articulated in the upper 11 mm. Calyx cupuliform, 16–19 mm. long, lobed to about the middle; lobes triangular or ovate-triangular, acute, often mucronate, usually distinctly mid-veined, finely and densely ciliate, accrescent and ultimately equalling or slightly exceeding the ripe fruit. Petals c. 18 mm. long, yellow, obovate, glabrous except near the base. Staminal tube glabrous or with tufts of stellate hairs at the line of fusion with the petals. Fruit c. 15 × 20 mm., very densely pilose, depressed-globose, truncate to shallowly umbilicate at the apex; mericarps c. 20, their outer apical angle produced into a triangular-acuminate point or somewhat awned, densely pilose to bearded on the back and upper half of the flat sides, (2) 3-seeded. Seeds c. 3 × 2–5 mm., glabrous, often minutely rugulose-verrucose.
Abutilon hirtum Lam. Sweet [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widespread in the tropics .
Large erect herb to soft-stemmed shrub up to about 1·5 m. tall, covered on young parts, stems, petioles, pedicels and calyx with a dense usually somewhat yellowish or brownish usually velutinous occasionally somewhat harsh stellate-tomentose indumentum intermingled on young parts, especially the tips of the branches, with short glandular hairs, and usually on younger parts of stems, petioles and pedicels also with long patent white or yellow hairs, the latter more rarely very scanty; stems terete, the older portions usually stout, at length glabrescent, slightly lignified with a large pith, covered with a thin greyish-brown cortex with close lanceolate-rhomboid to linear markings (shallow fissures or lenticels) often forming an almost continuous pattern. Leaf-lamina 4–20 cm. long and up to 18 cm. broad, suborbicular-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, generally drying a yellowish or brownish-green colour, usually markedly acuminate with a narrow mucronate acumen, irregularly and distinctly to coarsely serrate or serrate-crenate to biserrate, occasionally very slightly 3-lobed; finely and harshly stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, somewhat rough to the touch, often also with sessile glands (hence viscid) on the upper surface, more densely and more softly stellate-pubescent and with prominent veins on the slightly paler lower surface; petiole generally as long as or longer than the corresponding lamina, terete. Flowers yellow, often with a reddish centre, and/or the venation reddish towards the centre, axillary, on main branches and sometimes also on short lateral shoots and often forming a terminal leafy panicle; pedicels up to about 5 cm. long, articulated in upper 11 mm. Calyx 8–10 mm. long, campanulate, strigose-tomentose inside, divided about half-way down; lobes triangular-ovate, acute to shortly apiculate, ciliate. Petals c. 16 mm. long. Staminal tube stellate-hairy. Fruit 12–15 × c. 20 mm., depressed-globose, broadly and shallowly umbilicate, densely and shortly stellate-pubescent, nearly enclosed by the accrescent up to 14 mm. long appressed fruiting calyx. Mericarps 20–30, dorsally rounded, usually bluntly angled and muticous to shortly pointed near the dorsal (outer) upper side. Seeds 2–3, verruculose and usually distinctly but finely stellate-pubescent.
Abutilon lauraster Hochr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Herb or soft-wooded shrub, 1–2 m. tall, annual or biennial; stems subterete, tomentose, often with long patent hairs, glabrescent, sometimes somewhat glandular-viscid towards the apex. Leaf-lamina up to 20 × 18 cm. (smaller in the upper leaves), broadly ovate-cordate to cordate-acuminate, subentire, glabrescent above, tomentose or stellate-pubescent beneath; petiole usually ± as long as the corresponding lamina (but shorter or almost absent in the upper leaves), subterete, finely pubescent. Flowers yellow, in axils of uppermost leaves forming narrow terminal pseudo-panicles; pedicels usually less than 3 cm. long in flower, up to c. 6 cm. long in fruit, articulated in upper 10 mm., ferruginous-tomentose or pubescent. Calyx 10–12 mm. long, pubescent to tomentose and ciliate, divided about half-way down; tube cupuliform; lobes 5–8 × 2·5–5 mm., triangular or somewhat ovate-acute. Petals c. 20 mm. long, yellow. Staminal column pubescent on upper portion, glabrous towards the base. Fruit of 9–16 ultimately stellately spreading blackish mericarps; mericarps 11 × 3 mm., glabrescent, gradually or abruptly attenuate at the apex into a subulate apical awn, 3-seeded. Seeds c. 1·5 × 1·5 mm., black, smooth, sometimes with a tuft of hairs near the hilum.
Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A. Rich. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Perennial shrub up to 5 m. tall; stems when young somewhat angular to subterete, densely covered with a short velutinous to somewhat harsh stellate indumentum, usually of a greyish-olive colour and as a rule with long whitish spreading hairs (very rarely absent) at least on the very young parts, when older terete, glabrescent, woody and ultimately with a grey cortex, faintly fissured by rather short longitudinal markings. Leaf-lamina up to 20 × 18 cm. (much smaller in upper leaves), suborbicular-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, with a usually long narrow acumen and a deep narrow basal sinus, somewhat irregularly but usually distinctly crenate or serrate; the upper surface dark green, very shortly stellately subvelutinous, the lower surface much paler, grey, densely stellate-velutinous, and sometimes in addition with few-rayed to simple stiff stellate hairs mainly on the distinct prominent reticulate nervation and with long patent hairs on the main veins near the base; petiole usually about as long as the lamina, velutinous, with or without long patent hairs. Flowers pale mauve, lavender or lilac with deep-red-purple centre and radiating purple veins, numerous, axillary, on main branches and also on short axillary shoots, aggregated in terminal and lateral, ultimately leafless, often large pseudo-panicles; pedicels usually under 3 cm. long, velutinous, with or without pilose hairs, articulated in upper 6 mm. Calyx 4–6 mm. long, cupuliform, tomentose and sometimes also pilose; lobes 4–7 mm. long, triangular or ovate-triangular, acute or mucronate, tomentose-velutinous, with inconspicuous median veins. Petals c. 12 mm. long, obovate-obcuneate. Staminal tube deep red-purple and glabrous in conical portion, stellate-hairy at the apex. Fruit c. 10 × 15 mm., subglobose to depressed-globose, umbilicate, densely stellate-hairy. Mericarps 12–25, c. 10 × 5–6 mm., semi-orbicular-reniform, rounded and muticous, papery and brittle when mature, 1-seeded. Seeds c. 3 × 2 mm.
Abutilon matopense Gibbs [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Perennial 0·75–2 m. tall, erect, much branched, shrubby, glaucous, usually densely leafy towards the tips of the branches, with an ash-grey (except on the leaves) appressed short velvety indumentum; stems herbaceous to wiry when young, usually with some longitudinally raised ridges decurrent from the leaf-bases or somewhat angular, later glabrescent and terete, ultimately woody and covered with a thin finely longitudinally fissured grey to brownish bark. Leaf-lamina 2–6 (10) × 4·5 (9) cm., thin but firm, glaucous or yellowish-glaucous above, slightly paler beneath, broadly ovate to ovate, apex shortly and usually bluntly acuminate, obtuse or acute (rarely rounded), margin usually rather coarsely crenate or crenate-serrate (occasionally crenulate to subentire), base cordate, venation on lower surface distinct and prominent; petiole 0·5–6 (12) cm. long, finely sulcate. Flowers yellow to apricot, solitary, one to few on short (6–8 cm. long) leafy axillary shoots; pedicels up to 5 cm. long, terete or in upper portion slightly angular, articulated at or above the middle. Calyx 7–9 mm. long, campanulate, incised to about the middle; lobes triangular-ovate, apiculate to acuminate, 1-nerved, finely ciliate. Petals 14–20 mm. long. Staminal tube hairy at the base. Fruit 14 mm. in diam., disk-shaped to depressed-hemispherical, nearly enclosed by the slightly accrescent calyx, umbilicate to truncate. Mericarps usually 18–24, 5–6 × 3–4·5 mm., blackish, shortly apiculate at the rounded apex, finely and somewhat floccosely stellate-tomentose dorsally and laterally in apical-dorsal region, 1-seeded. Seeds c. 2·5 × 1·5 mm., brown.
Abutilon mauritianum Jacq. Medic. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Soft-wooded shrub up to c. 1·5 m. tall, usually much branched, with a short greyish-drab soft velvety indumentum and sometimes with additional long soft patent hairs; stems stoutish, tough when young, ultimately woody and glabrescent. Leaf-lamina up to 18 × 16 cm., suborbicular-cordate, apex acuminate into a usually obtuse to subacute, minutely mucronate acumen, margin usually slightly but distinctly serrate-crenate, ± discolorous, the upper surface dark green, usually smooth, the lower surface grey-green with distinct and prominent venation; petiole up to c. 18 cm. long, terete, sometimes longitudinally sulcate. Flowers axillary on main branches and on short axillary shoots; pedicels often exceeding the petioles. Calyx campanulate to cupular, 10–18 mm. long and 8–10 mm. in diam.; lobes 6–12 × 3–6 mm., ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate-linear or narrowly triangular-lanceolate, gradually acuminate or attenuate. Petals 14–20 mm. long, yellow, sometimes reddish at the base inside and/or with reddish veins in the basal portion. Staminal tube stellate-hairy. Fruit c. 15 × 20–25 mm., stellate-pubescent, but the mericarps ultimately stellately spreading. Mericarps 25–40, 2–3-seeded, ultimately glabrescent, black, produced at the apex into a long, pointed acumen about 1/3 of the total length of the mericarp. Seeds papillose-verruculose.
Abutilon ramosum Cav. Guill. & Perr. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Suffrutex up to c. 1·25 m. tall, erect or occasionally spreading (usually after having been grazed), usually branched from the base, with a short dense stellate usually somewhat rough pubescence and usually with additional ± sparse long patent hairs and often glandular-viscid when young; stems terete, firm, green or yellowish-green, woody at the base, ultimately with a thin greyish bark. Leaf-lamina 4–10 (15) × 3–9 (13) cm., broadly ovate-cordate to suborbicular-cordate, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, apex acuminate, margin usually shallowly but distinctly and regularly serrate or crenate with minutely apiculate serrations, upper surface dark green, finely and somewhat scabridly stellate-pubescent, lower surface slightly paler, similarly hairy; petiole longitudinally sulcate, as long as or shorter than the corresponding blade. Flowers yellow to orange, in the axils of the upper leaves; peduncle c. 4 cm. long, erect-patent, 2–4-flowered at the apex; pedicels c. 2 cm. long, articulated in the upper 6 mm. (sometimes a solitary pedicel in the same axil as the peduncle but shorter than the latter). Calyx c. 8–12 mm. (accrescent to c. 9 × 12 mm. in fruit), shallowly cupular, lobes 4·5 mm. long, triangular or ovate-lanceolate, usually distinctly acuminate into a sulcate acumen. Petals 5–7 mm. long, ciliate at the base and sometimes also at the apex. Staminal tube densely stellate-hairy. Fruit of about 8 mericarps. Mericarps c. 9 × 3 × 2–2·5 mm., 2–3-seeded, ultimately light brown, ± radiate-spreading, pungently long-awned, with subulate curved outwardly spreading awns. Seeds c. 2 × 2 mm., dark brown, rugulose-papillose.
Abutilon rehmannii Bak. f. [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Soft-wooded shrub (probably annual) up to 1–5 m. tall, erect, usually not much branched, with a usually yellowish but occasionally dull-greyish-green dense short stellate-subvelutinous indumentum; stems terete or sometimes ± angular when very young, sulcate or ribbed, sometimes pilose towards the base. Leaf-lamina 2–10 (16) × 1–7 (9) cm., usually (at least those of the younger leaves) cordate-triangular, up to twice as long as broad (relatively broader and ± suborbicular-cordate in the older leaves), apex attenuate to long-acuminate or sometimes caudate (acute to shortly acuminate in the older leaves), margin irregularly or doubly serrate-dentate, sometimes shallowly crenate or serrate but rarely subentire (if so, youngest leaves distinctly serrate), upper surface rather dark green, minutely and scabridly stellate-pubescent, rarely somewhat velutinous, lower surface paler, somewhat glaucous, usually softly velutinous, rarely somewhat scabridly tomentose; petiole terete or sometimes sulcate, shorter than to longer than the lamina; stipules c. 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, velvety, usually very early caducous. Flowers yellow or pale yellow, solitary, mainly in upper axils of terminal and side-branches, often forming pseudo-racemes or pseudo-panicles because the upper leaves are usually small; pedicels usually under 3 cm. long (in fruit under 5 cm. long), articulated and usually more or less geniculate at or above the middle. Calyx 6–8 mm. long, cupuliform, lobed to about the middle; lobes ovate, acute to acuminate, often more or less apiculate or with a short narrow acumen, ciliate and distinctly mid-veined. Petals c. 13 mm. long, glabrous except for the ciliate narrow base. Staminal tube glabrous. Fruit c. 10 × 12–14 mm., subcylindrical-semiglobose, concave and umbilicate at the apex. Mericarps 10–20 (often 12–16), 7·5–9 × 4–5 mm., 3-seeded, rounded at the back and at the somewhat narrowed base, convex to obliquely truncate at the apex, toothed to shortly awned at the dorsal apical angle, 7·5–9 mm. long and 4–5 mm. broad measured across the large ventral tooth, the back and apical parts of lateral faces grey-velutinous. Seeds c. 2 × 1·5 mm., finely verruculose.
Abutilon sonneratianum Cav. Sweet [family MALVACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Shrubby perennial 0·5–1·5 (2) m. tall, usually with only one or a few main stems, with a very dense short soft velvety indumentum and additional sparse long white patent hairs (rarely completely absent), less often long-pilose; stems slender, terete or slightly angular when young, tough or wiry, olive-drab to purplish-brown, woody when older, and ultimately covered with a grey to dark brown thin bark densely marked with short longitudinal shallow grooves. Leaf-lamina 2–7 (10) × 1–5 (7) cm., usually triangular-cordate or ovate-cordate, sometimes somewhat 3-lobed with blunt lobes on either side of the lamina near the middle, apex acuminate, margin ± dentate, crenate or serrate, dark green, brownish-green when dry, dark grey-green or olive-green on upper surface, paler greyish- to light-glaucous-green on the lower surface, venation of lower surface distinct, fine but prominent; petiole lender, terete, with the long patent hairs often only at the very apex, that of lower leaves often longer, that of upper leaves often shorter than the lamina. Flowers yellow or orange-yellow, solitary in axils on developed branches; pedicels c. 6 cm. (in fruit 10 cm.) long, slender, terete, articulated in the upper 6–12 mm. Calyx 8–10 mm. long and 6 mm. in diam. at the throat, greyish to olive-drab, divided to or beyond the middle; lobes 4–10 mm. long, ovate-elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-triangular, attenuate-acuminate into an acute tip, median-veined. Petals c. 10 mm. long, glabrous except at the base. Staminal tube glabrous except at line of fusion with the petals. Fruit 12–15 × 20 mm., subcylindric-semiglobose, truncate, densely and finely stellate-pubescent. Mericarps 8–15, often 9–11, 10–14 × 7–9 mm., much compressed, papery, subrectangular in outline, with rounded base and nearly horizontal truncate apical edge produced at the dorsal apical angle into a point or subulate awn up to 2 mm. long, the ventral tooth often somewhat upturned at the apex, 3–8 (often 4 or 5)-seeded. Seeds c. 2 × 2 mm., finely verruculose-rugulose, glabrous.
Acacia
Acacia Mill. [family LEGUMINOSAE]
FZ, Vol 3, Part 1, (1970) Author: J.P.M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of c. 750-800 spp., mostly tropical or subtropical; more than half in Australia, many in Africa and America, fewer in Asia.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing; the native species in our area almost invariably armed with prickles or spines, the introduced ones usually unarmed. Leaves 2-pinnate or (in introduced species) often modified to phyllodes (entire leaflike often flattened organs without pinnae or leaflets); pinnae each with one to many pairs of leaflets; gland on the upper side of the petiole usually present; glands also often present at the insertion of the pinnae. Flowers in spikes, spiciform racemes or round heads, hermaphrodite or male and hermaphrodite; if in heads then central flowers not enlarged and modified; inflorescences usually axillary, racemose or paniculate. Calyx (in our species) gamosepalous, subtruncate or usually with 4-5 teeth or lobes. Corolla 4-5(7)-lobed. Stamens many, fertile, their filaments free or (in A. albida and A. eriocarpa) connate into a tube at their extreme base only; anthers (at least some) glandular at the apex, or all eglandular (in all native species glandular except in A. albida, in introduced species mostly eglandular). Ovary stipitate to sessile, glabrous to puberulous. Pods very variable, dehiscent or sometimes indehiscent, flat, ± compressed, or sometimes cylindric, straight, curved, spiral or contorted, continuous or moniliform. Seeds unwinged, often with a hard smooth testa, without endosperm.
Acacia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth. [family LEGUMINOSAE]
FZ, Vol 3, Part 1, (1970) Author: J.P.M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Conspicuously flat-crowned tree 6-15(20) m. high; bark rough and fissured, brown to nearly black; epidermis not peeling on the twigs; bark on young trees papery; indumentum of branchlets variable, pubescent to shortly villous, grey or somewhat yellowish. Stipules spinescent, other prickles absent; spines variable, absent, short or up to 7.2 cm. long, straight, ashen when elongate, never inflated. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm. long; pinnae of well-developed leaves of mature shoots 15-51 pairs (reduced leaves with fewer pairs also present); leaflets up to 4 x 0.75 mm. Flowers in heads; stamens white; calyx and corolla red (? always). Corolla glabrous or inconspicuously puberulous on the lobes outside. Pods 5-13 x 1.2-2.1 (2.8) cm., subcoriaceous, straight or slightly curved, grey or brown, longitudinally veined, ± glandular and sometimes puberulous, narrowed at the base and sometimes at the top. Seeds ± oblique in the pod, olive-brown, 7-10 x 4-6 mm., smooth, elliptic, compressed, areole 6-7 x 2.5-4 mm.
Acacia abyssinica subsp. calophylla Brenan [family LEGUMINOSAE]
FZ, Vol 3, Part 1, (1970) Author: J.P.M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Pinnae very closely set, 0.4-1.5(2) cm. long; leaflets extremely small, up to 2.5(3) x 0.25-0.4(0.5) mm.wide.
Acacia adenocalyx Brenan & Exell [family LEGUMINOSAE]
FZ, Vol 3, Part 1, (1970) Author: J.P.M. Brenan
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Extending along the east African coastal belt through Tanzania to southern Kenya
Compact shrub or small tree 1-5 m. high, sometimes low and spreading, or even scandent; young branchlets puberulous and with very many minute brown glands. Prickles scattered, deflexed, arising from longitudinal bands along the wholly blackish-brown stems. Leaves: petiole 0·5-1·2 cm. long; pinnae 10-23 pairs, 0·6-3·5 cm. long; leaflets very numerous and neat, 0·3-0·75 mm. wide, linear-oblong; midrib subcentral at the base. Flowers white, in heads 8-10 mm. in diam., often irregularly paniculate. Stipules at base of peduncles small, 0·3-0·5 mm. wide, inconspicuous, soon caducous, not subcordate at the base. Calyx-lobes with many minute brown glands outside (use x 20 lens). Pods dehiscent, 6·5-15 x 1·6-3·6 cm., subcoriaceous or stiffly papery, oblong, puberulous or glabrous and with very many minute brown glands. Seeds black, 8-9 x 5·5-6 mm., smooth, elliptic, compressed; areole 5-6 x 2·5-3 mm.
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