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Antherothamnus
![Antherothamnus N.E. Br. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]](/fsi/img/misc/plants/static_thumbs/flora_zambesiaca_icon96.jpg)
Antherothamnus N.E. Br. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 8, Part 2, (1990) Author: D. Philcox
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A monotypic genus recorded only from S. Africa and Namibia outside the Flora Zambesiaca area.
Bushy, glabrous shrub; branches slender. Leaves alternate-fasciculate. Calyx 5–7-lobed. Corolla tubular, infundibuliform; lobes 5, flatly spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, staminode 1; anthers unithecal. Stigma small; style filiform, slightly thickened above; ovary bilocular with many ovules. Capsule ovoid.
Antherothamnus pearsonii N.E. Br. [family SCROPHULARIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 8, Part 2, (1990) Author: D. Philcox
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Bushy shrub up to 3 m. tall; branches slender, pale orange-brown, shortly glandular-pubescent when young becoming dark brownish-grey, glabrescent with age. Leaves 3–5(10) x 1–1.5(3.5) mm., alternate-fasciculate, obovate cuneate, obtuse, somewhat succulent, shortly glandular-pubescent when young, glabrescent, minutely dark punctate. Inflorescence with racemes 1–1.5 cm. long, arising from upper fascicles. Flowers alternate, pedicellate. Pedicels 1.5–2.75 mm. long, slender, bibracteolate. Bracteoles opposite, 0.6–1.4 mm. long, linear. Calyx 5–7-lobed; lobes 1–2.5 x c. 0.5 mm., obtuse, linear, glabrous. Corolla white with yellow throat, fragrant; tube 2.5–4 mm. long, 1.5–3.25 mm. wide at mouth, narrowly infundibuliform; lobes 1.5–2.5 mm. in diam., subcircular, lower pair slightly smaller. Filaments filiform; anthers subglobose-ellipsoid. Style curved below apex. Capsule 3–3.5 x 2 mm., ovoid, glandular-pubescent when young, glabrescent.
Antherotoma
Antherotoma Naud Hook. f. [family MELASTOMATACEAE]
FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, page 220, (1978) Author: R. and A. Fernandes
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus with two or three species in tropical Africa and Madagascar.
Delicate annual herbs with slender indistinctly 4-gonous stem. Leaves opposite. Flowers 4-merous. Receptacle broadly campanulate. Sepals long-persistent; intersepalar segments present. Petals obovate. Stamens 8, equal, straight, yellow; pedoconnective somewhat long with anterior bilobed appendage at the base; anthers obovate-oblong, dehiscing at the truncate apex by a large pore. Ovary 4-locular, the lower half adnate to the receptacle; style filiform; stigma punctiform. Capsule 4-valved. Seeds cochleate.
Antherotoma naudinii Hook. f. [family MELASTOMATACEAE]
FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, page 220, (1978) Author: R. and A. Fernandes
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widespread in tropical Africa and Madagascar
Stem up to 38 cm. high (usually less), unbranched or with long ascending branches, laxly leafy, sparsely appressed-setulose. Leaf-lamina 0·5–4·5(5–7) x 0·1–1·8(2) cm., increasing in size upwards, ovate to oblong, acute at the apex, contracted or acute at the base, entire or crenulate, the teeth ending in a bristle, membranous, concolorous, yellowish-green or pale green and sparsely subappressed-pilose on both faces, more densely so on the nerves beneath, 3–5-nerved; petiole 3–6(8) mm. long, setose. Flowers in terminal capitate cymes, surrounded at the base by 2·4(5) leaves; pedicels c. 2·5 mm. long, setulose; bracts subequalling the pedicels, setulose. Receptacle c. 2 mm. high, pale green, with sparse, brownish red or purplish bristles inserted towards the summit at the apex of little appendages. Sepals c. 1·5 mm. long, triangular-subulate, stellate-setose at the apex like the intersepalar segments. Petals 5 x 3·5 mm., obovate, pale mauve to pink. Anthers (0·5)0·75–1·75 mm. long, with non-undulate cells; pedoconnective 0·5–2 mm. long; filaments c. 2 mm. long. Ovary with a ring of bristles surrounding the base of the style. Fructiferous receptacle c. 3 x 2·75 mm., roundish at the base, a little contracted above the capsule. Seeds very minutely tuberculate.
Anthocleista
Anthocleista Afzel. ex R. Br. [family LOGANIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 7, Part 1, page 327, (1983) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A small genus comprising 14 species in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Comores.
Entirely glabrous trees, 1–35 m. high, shrubs, or lianas. Leaves opposite, those of a pair equal or unequal, petiolate or sessile; bases or petioles joined, often auriculate, and, especially in young plants more or less conspicuously ligulate at the base; lamina soft and brittle or coriaceous when living, membranaceous or papyraceous and often brittle, or coriaceous when dry, entire or minutely crenate; margin recurved or not; secondary veins conspicuous or not. Stipules intrapetiolar (ligular). Inflorescence terminal, erect, sometimes pendulous when in fruit, almost dichasial, 1–5 times branched, easily breaking at the nodes when dry. Lower bracts foliaceous, the others usually very small, triangular or ovate. In continental species mostly only one flower of each inflorescence open at a time. Sepals 4, green, creamy, or occasionally partially orange, free, or sometimes connate at the base (A. laxiflora), orbicular or nearly so, concave, decussate, appressed to the corolla tube and later to the fruit, usually rounded at the apex, entire, the 2 inner ones usually becoming retuse or tom by the development of the corolla, often spreading when dry, often enlarged under the fruit. Corolla white, creamy, violet, violet–blue, mauve, or sometimes pale yellow, the limb often paler than the tube which is sometimes green, actinomorphic, tubular, usually not contracted when mature, thick, fleshy, brittle, also when living, often sweet–scented; tube approximately cylindrical, more or less gradually widened towards the throat; lobes 8–16, contorted in bud usually turned to the right, spreading or recurved, elliptic to lanceolate, usually obtuse, entire. Stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternating with them, exserted, equal; filaments short or very short, mostly shorter than the anthers, entirely connate into a short tube or occasionally connate for two–thirds of their length, inserted near the apex of the corolla tube; anthers white or creamy, often partially green, sometimes brownish, lanceolate, obtuse or sometimes acute at the apex, usually sagittate at the base; cells 2, parallel and if sagittate only at the base divergent, dehiscent throughout by a longitudinal split. Ovary superior, ovoid–conic, cylindric, or obovoid–cylindric, 4–celled; style thick, about as long as the corolla tube, persisting during a short period after the corolla is shed; stigma large, usually obovoid–cylindric and apically bilobed, often slightly laterally compressed. In each cell one large bilobed placenta with numerous ovules on both sides. Fruit a berry, dark green or yellow, hard, globose or ellipsoid (irregular or regular indentations or furrowings are due to shrinkage and are always artificial, rounded at the apex, sometimes apiculate; wall usually thick; septa thin. Seeds obliquely ovate–circular or irregularly polyhedral in outline, flattened, medium to dark brown, slightly verrucose, faveolate. Small colleters in one rank in the axils of the leaves, bracts, and sepals.
Anthocleista grandiflora
Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg [family LOGANIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 7, Part 1, page 327, (1983) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
East Africa, from Uganda and Kenya to Transvaal
Tree, 5–35 m. high, unarmed. Leaves sessile, those of larger trees sometimes petiolate; lamina medium to dark green above, paler beneath, when dry greenish, medium to dark brown, paler beneath, brittle, often thinly papyraceous to coriaceous, narrowly or very narrowly obovate, in young plants usually narrower, 1·75–3·5 (in young plants up to 5) times as long as wide, 15–70 x 7–25 cm., up to 135 x 50 cm. in young plants or low–levelled branches, narrowed to the auricles or long–decurrent into the petiole; veins conspicuous; margin not recurved. Sepals green, rounded, usually spreading when dry, the outer ones circular or broadly ovate, 5–8 x 5–8 mm., when dry rugulose outside and often pointed, the inner ones usually slightly larger. Corolla in the young bud rounded or tapering, in the mature bud 5–10 as long as the calyx, 35–60(70) mm. long, tapering at the apex, white, the limb paler than the tube which is slightly greenish outside; tube 3·8–6·5 x as long as the calyx, 1·25–2·5 x as long as the lobes; lobes 11–13, very narrowly elliptic, spreading or recurved. Berry ellipsoid, when dry irregularly shrivelled, conspicuously rugulose, acuminate.
Anthocleista liebrechtsiana De Wild. et Dur. [family LOGANIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 7, Part 1, page 327, (1983) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
from Ghana to Angola
Tree or few–stemmed shrub, 1·50–12 m. high, without spines. Leaves petiolate; lamina dark green above, pale greyish–green beneath, drying greenish–brown and coriaceous, very narrowly obovate to linear or sometimes narrowly ovate, 2 1/2–10 (usually about 4–7) x as long as wide, 11–75 x 3–15 (usually about 15–40 x 3–8) cm., long–decurrent into the petiole; costa prominent and acutely triangular beneath; secondary veins rather inconspicuous; margin neither recurved nor revolute. Sepals pale green, rounded, also when dry strongly appressed to the base of the corolla tube, which therefore is slightly contacted, and later to the fruit, smooth and shining, the outer ones broadly ovate or orbicular, 4–8 x 4–8 mm., the inner ones slightly larger and becoming tom by the development of the corolla. Corolla in the mature bud 4·5–7 times as long as the calyx, 32–54 mm. long, and as in the young bud rounded or somewhat tapering at the apex, white, the limb paler than the tube which is usually greenish–white; tube 3–5 times as long as the calyx, 1·8–3 times as long as the lobes; lobes 10–12, narrowly elliptic, spreading. Berry globose or ovoid, when dry irregularly shrivelled, thin–walled; wall about 1 mm. thick.
Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg [family LOGANIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 7, Part 1, page 327, (1983) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Central Africa, from Nigeria to the Sudan in the north and Angola and Tanzania in the south
Tree 3–30 (usually 4–10) m. high. Twigs without or occasionally, especially in young plants, with short paired partially united spines, often with small broadly conical cushions. Leaves usually petiolate but often sessile in young plants or on low–level branches; lamina dark green and usually (?) glossy above, paler beneath, when dry medium to dark brown above, paler beneath, papyraceous to coriaceous, narrowly to very narrowly ovate, in young plants usually narrower, 1·75–3·5 times as long as wide, 7·45 x 3·5–18 cm., in young plants up to 100 x 30 cm. or more (?), cuneate at the base; costa more or less acute beneath; tertiary veins inconspicuous; margin not curved, but often revolute. Sepals green, rounded, when dry usually smooth, especially the outer ones, in flower uually appressed to the base of the corolla, in fruit often spreading, the outer ones orbicular or slightly broader than long, 8–13 x 9–13 mm., the inner ones usually slightly larger, becoming retuse by the development of the corolla– Corolla in the mature bud 5·5–7 times as long as the calyx, 55–61 mm. long, tapering at the apex as in the young bud, white or creamy, tube darker than the lobes, often greenish–white; tube about 3–4 times as long as the calyx, about 1–1·5 times as long as the lobes; lobes 10–11, very narrowly elliptic, reflexed. Berry globose or ellipsoid rounded or apiculate at the apex, never shrivelled when dry; thick–walled.
Anthocleista vogelii Planch. [family LOGANIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 7, Part 1, page 327, (1983) Author: A. J. M. Leeuwenberg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Tropical Africa, from Sierra Leone to Uganda in the north and Angola in the south
Tree, 6–20 m. high or more (?). Twigs with 2(4) spines, which are divergent and confluent at the base, or occasionally unarmed. Leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate; lamina dark green and often glossy above, pale glaucous beneath, when dry dark brown above, paler beneath, brittle, papyraceous to coriaceous, narrowly to very narrowly obovate, in young plants usually narrower, 1·75–3·5 (usually about 2, in young plants up to 4 times as long as wide, 15–45 x 6–24 cm., up to 150 x 45 cm. in young plants, narrowed to the auricles or decurrent into the petiole, if petiolate cordate at the very base; margin usually recurved. Sepals pale green, occasionally partially orange, rounded, when dry more or less rugulose and somewhat spreading or the outer ones circular or broader than long, 1–1–1 1/2 x as broad as long, 4–12 x 7–15 mm., the inner ones usually larger, up to about 2 x as long as the others, often partially tom by the development of the corolla. Corolla in the young bud at the apex as in the mature bud rounded or sometimes obtuse; in the mature bud 2, 5–4 x as long as the calyx, 23–37 mm. long, and rounded or subtruncate at the apex, creamy or sometimes pale yellow; the tube darker than the lobes; tube 1·25–2 x as long as the calyx, 0·9–1·5(1·7) x as long as the lobes; lobes 13–16, narrowly elliptic, spreading. Berry thick–walled, globose or ellipsoid, rounded at the apex, when dry and mature occasionally apiculate, but not shrivelled, occasionally so when dry and immature.
Anthospermum
Anthospermum L. [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of 39 species widely distributed in Africa south of the Sahara and in Madagascar; the highest species concentration is found in S. Africa. 9 species occur in the Flora Zambesiaca area.
Large shrubs, dwarf shrubs, short-lived subshrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves decussate or occasionally in whorls of 3 (rarely 4), often seemingly in much larger numbers at nodes, blades ± broad and large to ± ericoid and small, mostly narrowed to base, acute to acuminate (seldom ± mucronate or ± obtuse) at apex, shortly petiolate to sessile, with ± cup-shaped stipular sheaths bearing one to many setae or fimbriae on either side. Inflorescence frequently leafy and inconspicuous, made up of mostly subsessile, many- to very few-flowered cymes, in dioecious taxa often sexually dimorphic (female inflorescence contracted, ± cylinder-like). Flowers mostly subsessile, subtended by a pair of leafy bracts, male, hermaphrodite or female, 4–5-merous. Calyx: lobes large, conspicuous to small, indistinct or ± lacking. Hermaphrodite, male: corolla tube ± cylindrical, broadly funnel-shaped to subcampanulate, lobes recurved, ± lanceolate; anthers yellowish to whitish, exserted, dangling on long slender filiform filaments. Female: corolla much smaller; tube cylindrical, lobes mostly erect, linear to ± lanceolate. Ovary bicarpellate and biovulate [in 2 SW. Cape species one carpel reduced]; style 0 or very short; stigmas 2 [only in one SW. Cape species 1] long exserted, hairy, greyish to greenish white, seldom purplish red. Fruit crowned by persistent calyx lobes, supported by a ± U-shaped carpophore (cf. TAB. 34, figs. B5 and D3.), dehiscing into two mericarps, each convex on dorsal side, plane to concave or sometimes hollowed out and with a prominent to inconspicuous median longitudinal ridge on ventral side.
Anthospermum ammannioides S. Moore [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Known only from Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Dioecious or ± dioecious (male or female plants occasionally with odd hermaphrodite flowers) shrub, single-stemmed, erect, 1 -3 m. tall. Stems much-branched above, branches ascending to ± erect, densely covered with greyish-white hairs 0.2–0.7 mm. long. Leaves in whorls of 3; blades 18–45(65) x (2)3–10(15) mm. (in male often somewhat smaller than in female), narrowly (ob)-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely to ± densely covered with very short whitish spreading hairs, but lower surfaces often more densely hairy, particularly on mid-vein, and upper surfaces sometimes ± glabrous; margins usually ± flat; petioles subobsolete or 2–6 mm. long on largest leaves; stipular sheath hairy, with a hairy seta (0.7) 1.5–4(6.5) mm. long, sometimes flanked by a smaller seta on either side. Flowers subsessile (female) or with pedicels c. 0.7–1.5(2) mm. long (male), in clusters of many (very many:female) at nodes, inflorescences dimorphic, in female compact, ± cylindrical inflorescence zones 20–45(70) mm. long and 15–20 mm. in diam.; corolla 4-merous (very rarely 5-merous), greenish-yellow, sometimes buds purplish tinged, at least in male hairy outside. Male (odd hermaphrodite): tube (0.5)0.7–1 mm. long, (± narrowly) funnel-shaped, lobes 1.5–2.4 x 0.6–1 mm.; anthers 1.2–1.7 mm. long; male: minute, hardly discernible rudimentary ovary. Female: tube 0.3–0.5(0.8) mm. long, lobes 0.2–0.5 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style (0.5)2–5(6.5) mm. long, stigmas (4.8)6–14 mm. long (much shorter in odd hermaphrodite); ovary 0.7–1 x 0.6–0.8 mm., with 4 indistinct calyx lobes or calyx lobes ± lacking. Fruit reddish-brown; mericarps (1.5)1.8–2.2(2.4) x 0.8–1 mm., ± oblong to obovate, glabrous, with 2 indistinct, ± triangular calyx lobes 0.1–0.2 mm. long or calyx lobes ± lacking.
Anthospermum herbaceum L.f. [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
E. Africa from Ethiopia S. to S. Africa
Non-dioecious (hermaphrodite, hermaphrodite + female, female, hermaphrodite + male, male + hermaphrodite + female, less commonly male or male + female) perennial herb or ± sub shrub, several- to many-stemmed, scrambling, straggling or trailing, sometimes ± erect, occasionally low and ± mat- or cushion-forming, somewhat woody near base and often with ± thick, woody root; sometimes rather short-lived. Stems slender, 7.5–250(300) cm. long, unbranched to much-branched; branches often ± regular, arising in pairs, frequently with short branches of a higher order, papillate, shortly hairy or sometimes glabrous, often with short shoots bearing rather small leaves. Leaves decussate; blades 5–55 x (1)2–25 mm., ± ovate, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate to ± linear-lanceolate, cuneate to rounded at base, glabrous, ± densely papillate or shortly hairy, often distinctly discolourous; petioles 0.7–6.5 mm. long; stipular sheath mostly with (3)5(7) filiform setae, the longest (0.3)0.7–6.1 mm. Flowers mostly on short lateral branches, in ± sessile to somewhat elongated clusters of many to c. 6 at nodes; corolla 4-merous, greenish to yellow or yellowish, sometimes reddish-purplish tinged, mostly papillate or shortly hairy at least near tip. Hermaphrodite, male: tube (1.5)2–3.7 mm. long (in hermaphrodite often longer than in male), cylindrical, lobes (1.5)2–2.7(3.4) x 0.3–0.7 mm.; anthers (0.9)1.2–2(2.5) mm. long; male: small rudimentary ovary and stigmas present, the latter hidden in corolla tube; hermaphrodite: stigmas (2)2.4–5(6.4) mm. long, ovary 0.5–1.2 x 0.4–0.7 mm., sometimes with 4 often indistinct calyx lobes. Female: tube 0.3–0.7(1.2) mm. long, lobes 0.3–0.7(1) x 0.1–0.3 mm.; style 0–0.8 mm. long; stigmas (2)4–10.2 mm. long; ovary as in hermaphrodite. Fruit yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, mostly with ± broad, conspicuous longitudinal grooves between mericarps; mericarps (1.5)1.7–2.5(2.8) x 0.9–1.6 mm., elliptic, oblong to ± obovate, ± densely covered with ± tuberculate structures, shortly hairy, papillate or subglabrous, occasionally with 2 obscure, ± triangular to rounded calyx lobes 0.2–0.3 x 0.2–0.3 mm.
Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum Sond. Puff [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Non-dioecious (hermaphrodite, hermaphrodite + female, female, occasionally male or hermaphrodite + male) subshrub with an often massive, ± rosette-like woody base. Stems numerous, mostly unbranched, (5)8–20(30) cm. long, papillate to very shortly hairy and mostly ± densely leafy above. Leaves decussate, pseudo-verticillate; blades (4)6–12(22) x (0.5)0.8–1.5(2) mm., linear, linear-(ob-)lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, ± membranous; flat to somewhat revolute margins mostly papillate, midrib below often reddish-brown and prominent; petioles subobsolete; stipular sheath with 1 (rarely 3) small seta(e). Flowers subsessile, in clusters of 6–2 (occasionally more) at nodes; corolla 4-merous, greenish to yellowish, often papillate near tip. Hermaphrodite, male: tube (0.5)0.7–1.4(1.7) mm. long, narrowly funnel-shaped, lobes 1.2–1.9(2.5) x 0.3–0.7 mm.; anthers 1–1.8(2) mm. long; hermaphrodite: stigmas often shorter than in female; ovary 0.5–0.9 x 0.3–0.8 mm., with 4 ± indistinct calyx lobes. Female: tube 0.2–0.5 mm. long, lobes 0.2–0.5 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style 0–0.5 mm. long; stigmas 2.4–9.8 mm. long; ovary as in hermaphrodite. Fruit reddish-brown, shiny; mericarps (1.5)1.8–2.4 x 1–1.5 mm., elliptic to obovate, mostly ± glabrous, often with 2 ± broadly triangular to rounded calyx lobes 0.1–0.3 x 0.3–0.4 mm.
Anthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh. [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
None
Anthospermum ternatum subsp. ternatum [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Plant mostly erect, sparsely branched; stems to c. 70(100) cm. long. Leaves mostly in whorls of 3 but occasionally decussate; blades glabrous altogether or sometimes scabrous and/or with longer hairs below (leaves then usually smaller and narrower than in subsp. randii); petioles subobsolete.
Anthospermum ternatum Hiern [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Non-dioecious (hermaphrodite, female, occasionally hermaphrodite + female, hermaphrodite + male or male) short-lived (sometimes biennial) herb, ‘woody herb’ or subshrub with a somewhat woody base, erect to ± straggling. Stems 20–100(150) cm. long, few- to ± much-branched, branches often ascending to ± erect, shortly hairy. Leaves in whorls of 3, decussate or, occasionally, in whorls of 4, often pseudo-verticillate; blades spreading to ± erect, (4.5)6–45(55) x (0.5)0.8–5(8) mm., ovate-or oblong-lanceolate to ± linear, glabrous or variously hairy, but most commonly with short hairs (<0.1 -0.3 mm. long) above and with longer hairs, to c. 0.5 mm., at least on midrib below; upper surface sometimes with conspicuous large epidermal cells; margins ± flat to revolute; petioles subobsolete or to 3 mm. on largest leaves; stipular sheath shortly hairy, with a hairy subulate seta (0.7) 1 -3(3.7) mm. long, often flanked by a much shorter seta on either side. Flowers in subsessile to slightly elongated axillary clusters of several to few at nodes; corolla 4-merous, yellowish to yellowish-green, at least near Ups of lobes hairy outside, rarely glabrous altogether. Hermaphrodite, male: tube (1.7)1.9–2.5 mm. long, cylindrical, lobes 2–2.7 x 0.5–0.7 mm.; anthers 1–2.2 mm. long. Male: small rudimentary ovary, sometimes also rudimentary stigmas present; hermaphrodite: stigmas 1.9–4.7 mm. long, ovary 0.8–1.4 x 0.5–0.7 mm., glabrous or hairy, without or seldom with indistinct minute calyx lobes. Female: tube 0.3–0.7 mm. long (1.2–1.7 mm. long if rudimentary anthers present), cylindrical, lobes 0.4–1 x 0.1–0.3 mm. (1–1.7 x 0.2–0.5 mm. if rudimentary anthers present); style c. 0–1 mm. long; stigmas 4–10.2 mm. long; ovary as in hermaphrodite. Fruit reddish-brown; mericarps 2–3 x 0.8–1.2 mm., oblong to narrowly obovate, covered with whitish spreading hairs (0.1)0.3–0.7 mm. long at least near apex or entirely glabrous, without distinct calyx lobes.
Anthospermum ternatum subsp. randii S. Moore Puff [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Plant often more branched than in subsp. ternatum and not uncommonly straggling; stems to 150 cm. long. Leaves in whorls of 3, decussate or occasionally in whorls of 4; blades variously hairy but most commonly with short hairs above and longer hairs on midrib below, less often subglabrous (leaves then larger and broader than in subsp. ternatum); largest leaves with petioles to 3 mm. long.
Anthospermum usambarense K. Schum. [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Centred in the tropical E. African mountains (S. Sudan to S. Tanzania).
Dioecious shrub, single-stemmed, erect, 1–3 m. tall. Stems mostly much-branched above, branches ± regular, arising in threes (less commonly paired), often ascending to ± erect, usually shortly hairy, ± densely leafy. Leaves in whorls of 3 or, less often, decussate, pseudo-verticillate; blades (2)3–10(15) x 0.5–1.5(2) mm. (on new growth occasionally to 20 x 3 mm.), narrowly obovate, oblanceolate, oblong-elliptic, lanceolate to ± linear, mostly glabrous; margins often (strongly) revolute; petioles subobsolete; stipular sheath shortly hairy, with 3–7(8) setae, the longest 1–4.1 mm. long. Flowers subsessile, in clusters of many at nodes, inflorescences rather dimorphic, in female often quite contracted, dense, ± cylindrical inflorescence zones; corolla 4-merous (very seldom 5-merous), greenish to creamy yellow, often dark purplish-red or -brown ringed outside, glabrous or with a few odd hairs. Male: tube 0.7–1.6 mm. long, funnel-shaped, lobes 1.4–2.4(2.7) x 0.6–1(1.4) mm.; anthers (0.7)1–1.7 mm. long; small rudimentary ovary mostly with 4 small calyx lobes, occasionally also rudimentary stigmas present. Female: tube 0.3–0.7 mm. long, lobes 0.2–0.7 x 0.1–0.3 mm.; style 0–0.5 mm. long; stigmas 3–6.1 mm. long; ovary 0.7–0.8 x 0.5–0.6 mm., with 4 subequal or 2 longer and 2 shorter calyx lobes. Fruit reddish-brown, shiny or greyish-brown; mericarps 1.2–2.2(2.4) x 0.7–1 mm., ± obovate, oblong to elliptic, mostly glabrous, with 2 ± triangular calyx lobes 0.2–0.6 x 0.3–0.4 mm., one often larger than the other.
Anthospermum vallicola S. Moore [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Known only from Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Dioecious shrub, often single-stemmed, erect, 1–3 m. tall. Stems much-branched above, branches ascending, ± papillate, densely leafy. Leaves in whorls of 3, pseudo-verticillate; blades (10)15–35(55) x (0.5)1–2(2.5) mm., linear to linear-lanceolate, glabrous, upper epidermis shiny, with large, conspicuous epidermis cells; margins revolute to ± flat; petioles subobsolete; stipular sheath hairy, with a narrowly triangular seta (0.3)0.7–1 (1.5) mm. long, sometimes flanked by a shorter seta on either side. Flowers subsessile (female) or with peduncles and pedicels to c. 1 mm. long (male),in clusters of many (very many: female) at nodes, inflorescences dimorphic, in female ± dense, cylindrical inflorescence zones; corolla 4-merous, greenish-yellow to pale yellow, sometimes reddish-tinged outside, glabrous. Male: tube 0.6–0.8(1) mm. long, (broadly) funnel-shaped, lobes 1.7–2.4(2.8) x 0.7–1 mm.; anthers (1.2)1.5–1.7(2) mm. long; rudimentary ovary sometimes hardly discernible, minute, with 4 ± linear to linear-lanceolate calyx lobes 0.1 -0.4 mm. long, and occasionally also rudimentary stigmas present. Female: tube 0.7–1.4 mm. long, lobes 0.4–0.8 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style 0.5–1.5 mm. long, stigmas 5–9.5(14) mm. long; ovary 1–1.5 x 0.8–1.3 mm., with 4 long calyx lobes. Fruit reddish-brown, shiny; mericarps (1.8)2.2–3(3.5) x 1.3–1.7(1.8) mm., oblong, glabrous, with 2 narrowly triangular to ± deltoid calyx lobes (0.5)0.8–1.8(2.1) mm. long, often unequal in size, one sometimes only half as long as the other.
Anthospermum welwitschii Hiern [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widely but disjunctly distributed mostly in mountain areas
Dioecious shrub, single- or (seldom) several-stemmed, ± erect, 1–3 m. tall. Stems mostly much-branched above, branches usually ± regular, paired, often ascending, glabrous to very shortly hairy. Leaves decussate, mostly pseudo-verticillate; blades 10–35 x (1)1.5–3.5 mm., (narrowly) oblanceolate, elliptic to ± linear-lanceolate, mostly glabrous; margins ± flat; petioles 0–1 mm. long; stipular sheath with 3–5(7,8) setae, the longest (0.5)0.7–4.5(5.6) mm. Flowers subsessile to shortly pedicellate (pedicels to 0.7 mm. in male), in clusters of many (very many: female) at nodes, inflorescences dimorphic, in female often quite contracted, dense, ± cylindrical inflorescence zones; corolla 4-merous, greenish-yellow to pale yellow, occasionally purplish ringed outside, mostly glabrous. Male: tube (0.5)0.7–1.2 mm. long, funnel-shaped, lobes (1.2)1.5–2.2(2.7) x (0.4)0.6–0.9(1.1) mm.; anthers 1–2 mm. long; small rudimentary ovary with 4 minute calyx lobes. 9: tube 0.2–0.5 mm. long, lobes 0.2–0.7 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style 0–1 mm. long, stigmas 3–7.5(10) mm. long; ovary 0.6–1 x 0.3–0.6 mm., with 4 sometimes unequal calyx lobes. Fruit mostly reddish-brown, shiny; mericarps 1.5–2.7 x 0.7–1.2 mm., oblong, elliptic to ± obovate, glabrous or (seldom) ± sparsely shortly hairy, with 2 ± triangular calyx lobes (0.3)0.5–1(1.2) x 0.2–0.5 mm., one occasionally longer than the other.
Anthospermum whyteanum Britten [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Non-dioecious (male, hermaphrodite + female or female) dwarf shrub, several- to many-stemmed, suberect or ± rounded and low. Stems 20–80( 125) cm. long, erect or ascending, mostly much-branched, branches ± erect or ascending, densely covered with whitish or reddish-brown hairs 0.2–0.9(1.2) mm. long. Leaves in whorls of 3, pseudo-verticillate; blades spreading to ascending, (2)3–11(15) x 0.8–3(5) mm., oblanceolate, narrowly .ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, mostly both surfaces densely covered with whitish spreading hairs 0.2–0.5(0.9) mm. long, sometimes less hairy below except for midrib; margins mostly strongly revolute; petioles subobsolete; stipular sheath hairy, with a seta (0.6)1–2.5 mm. long. Flowers subsessile, in clusters of 9–3 at nodes, female inflorescences occasionally somewhat congested and ± cylindrical; corolla 4-merous (very rarely also 5-merous in male or hermaphrodite), greenish-yellow to creamy yellow, at least near tips of lobes hairy outside. male, hermaphrodite: tube (0.7)1.2–2.2 mm. long (in male often somewhat smaller than in hermaphrodite), (narrowly) funnel-shaped, lobes (1.7)2–2.7(3.4) x (0.5)0.7–0.9 mm.; anthers 1.3–1.9 mm. long (in male often smaller than in hermaphrodite); male: small rudimentary ovary, sometimes also rudimentary stigmas present; hermaphrodite: stigmas 2–3.4 mm. long, ovary 0.7–1.2 x 0.5–0.8 mm., hairy, with 4 calyx lobes. Female: tube 0.3–0.7 mm. long, lobes 0.3–0.7(1) x 0.2–0.3 mm.; style 0.3–0.8 mm. long; stigmas 2.7–12.2 mm. long; ovary as in hermaphrodite. Fruit reddish-brown; mericarps (1.6)1.8–2.2 x 0.7–1 mm., ± oblong, quite densely covered with whitish, often upwardly directed hairs 0.2–0.7 mm. long, usually with 2 small, ± triangular calyx lobes (0.2)0.3–0.7 x 0.2–0.3 mm., often hidden amongst hairs.
Anthospermum zimbabwense Puff [family RUBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 5, Part 1, (1989) Author: B. Verdcourt
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Known only from Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Dioecious subshrub or dwarf shrub, several- to many-stemmed, erect, 0.2–0.6(1) m. tall, often with a quite thick, ± disk-like woody base. Stems ± unbranched to much-branched, branches often more numerous in male than female, ascending to ± erect, papillate to very shortly hairy. Leaves in whorls of 3, pseudo-verticillate; blades (3)4–8(12) x 0.5–1.5(3) mm., linear to linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate, glabrous; margins mostly revolute; petioles subobsolete; stipular sheath with a small, narrow seta, often flanked by a smaller seta on either side. Flowers subsessile, in clusters of several (male) to many (female) at nodes, female inflorescences often more conspicuous than male, ± compact and cylindrical; corolla 4-merous, greenish-yellow to yellow, in male usually a little hairy outside. Male: tube 0.5–1 mm. long, (± broadly) funnel-shaped, lobes 1.3–2 x 6.5–0.8 mm.; anthers (0.8)1–1.3 mm. long; rudimentary ovary minute, hardly discernible. Female: tube 0.2–0.4 mm. long, lobes 0.3–0.5 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style ± 0, stigmas 3.4–9.1 mm. long; ovary 0.7–0.8 x 0.6 mm., with 4 indistinct calyx lobes or calyx lobes lacking. Fruit reddish-brown; mericarps 1.4–1.7 x 0.7–0.9 mm., ± obovate, ± glabrous or with a few whitish hairs, with 2 indistinct, ± triangular calyx lobes hardly longer than 0.1 mm. or calyx lobes ± lacking.
Anthoxanthum
Anthoxanthum L. [family GRAMINEAE]
FZ, Vol 10, Part 1, (1971) Author: E. Launert
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of c. 20 spp., indigenous to the holarctic region, with 4 spp. in S. Africa, one of them extending into southern tropical Africa, and one species indigenous in the east African mountains.
Spikelets solitary, pedicelled, moderately laterally compressed, usually 3-flowered (rarely less), awned; rhachilla disarticulating above the superior glume, not produced beyond the uppermost floret. Florets heteromorphous, the first and second sterile or male (sometimes the first male and the second sterile), the terminal one always bisexual. Glumes 2, unequal, persistent, keeled, membranous, 1-3-nerved with the nerves usually prominent, apex acute to acuminate; the inferior about 3/5-3/4 the length of the superior; the superior as long as or longer than the body of the lemmas. The first and second lemmas similar and almost equal, membranous, narrowly oblong in profile, 5-7-nerved, strongly laterally compressed, keeled, densely pilose, 2-fid to deeply 2-lobed, awned from the base or from the back or from the sinus; the awns usually unequal, that of the first lemma usually short and inserted 1/3-1/2-way below the apex, usually straight; that of the second lemma as long as or longer than its body, inserted near the base or sometimes around the middle, geniculate. Terminal lemma muticous, much shorter than (1/3-1/2) the preceding ones, expanded broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, faintly 7-1-nerved, obtusely 2-keeled, thinly membranous. Paleas of the first and second floret, when present, slightly shorter than the lemmas, linear, hyaline, 2-keeled; the one of the terminal floret narrowly oblong, 2-keeled, usually 1-nerved. Lodicules absent. Stamens 3 in the male, 2 in the bisexual florets. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, long; stigmas long, rather slender, plumose, exserted from the apex. Caryopsis oblong-elliptic in outline, slightly laterally compressed; embryo c. 1/4 the length of the caryopsis; hilum small, punctiform, basal. Sweet-scented annuals or perennials, often stoloniferous. Ligules membranous. Inflorescence a dense spike-like panicle.
Anthoxanthum ecklonii Nees Stapf [family GRAMINEAE]
FZ, Vol 10, Part 1, (1971) Author: E. Launert
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A strongly aromatic rhizomatous perennial. Culms 12-75 cm. tall, 2-4-noded, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, simple or rarely branched from the lower nodes, terete, weak, rather slender, smooth, glabrous. Leaf-sheaths shorter than the internodes, rather tight at first, striate, smooth or reversedly scaberulous; the basal ones often with the laminas reduced to scales. Ligules 2-5 mm. long, scarious, whitish, obtuse, fringed with short cilia. Leaf-laminae 1-15 x 0.1-0.9 cm., linear or linear-lanceolate from a slightly auricled base, tapering to a very fine acute point, expanded or folded (usually towards the apex), glabrous or rarely scattered pilose, usually ciliate along the margins towards the base, finely asperulous on both surfaces. Panicles 2-9 cm. long, narrow, linear-oblong in outline, compact but sometimes interrupted in the lower part, shiny, pale green; rhachis terete, often sulcate towards the base, smooth, glabrous; branches binate or solitary, rarely in clusters, ascending to almost erect and appressed to the rhachis, glabrous, smooth. Pedicels short, with short spreading whitish hairs. Spikelets 5.5-7 mm. long (excluding the awns!), oblong-lanceolate in outline, pallid. Inferior glume c. 3.5 mm. long, 1-nerved, ovate when expanded, apex acute to acuminate, keels scabrous; superior glume 5-6.75 mm. long, 3-nerved, with the nerves close together thus leaving wide hyaline flanks, ovate when expanded, apex very acute to acuminate, keel scabrous. First and second lemmas golden yellow with silvery apices, covered with white sericeous hairs, keels scaberulous; the first c. 3.25 mm. long with the awn c. 1/3-1/2 the length of the body; the second c. 2.75 mm. long, with the awn up to twice as long as the body. Anthers of the first (male) floret c. 2.8 mm. long. Terminal lemma 2-3.5 mm. long, almost invisibly 5-nerved. Anthres c. 3.25 mm. long. Caryopsis c. 1.75 mm. long.
Antiaris
Antiaris Leschen. [family MORACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 6, page 13, (1991) Author: C. C. Berg
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A monotypic genus confined to the Old World.
Trees, monoecious or dioecious; lateral branches self-pruning. Leaves distichous on the lateral branches, pinnately veined; stipules semi-amplexicaul, free. Inflorescences on minute spurs, in the leaf axils or just below the leaves, unisexual, involucrate. Staminate inflorescences pedunculate; flowers numerous; tepals 2–7, free: stamens 2–4, straight in bud; pistillode absent. Pistillate inflorescences sessile or pedunculate, uniflorous; perianth partly adnate to the receptacle, 4-lobed; ovary adnate to the perianth, stigmas 2, ligulate, equal. Fruit forming a drupaceous whole together with the enlarged fleshy, orange to scarlet-coloured receptacle; seed large, without endosperm; cotyledons thick, equal.
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