Flora Zambesiaca
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Brackenridgea
Brackenridgea A. Gray [family OCHNACEAE]
FZ, Vol 2, Part 1, page 224, (1963) Author: N. K. B. Robson
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A genus of 12 species, 4 in tropical Africa and Madagascar and the others in Malaysia from the Andaman Is., Perak and the Philippines to New Guinea, and also in Queensland and Fiji.
Trees, shrubs or shrublets, glabrous, with yellow pigment under the bark. Leaves petiolate; lamina with margin glandular-serrulate or entire, and characteristic nervation of ascending primary laterals linked by secondary laterals (see specific descriptions); stipules markedly longitudinally striate, laciniate or deeply divided into linear segments, free, persistent on first-year shoots (at least in the African spp.). Inflorescence paniculate or fasciculate or reduced to a single flower, or fascicles secondarily aggregated into spikes or capitula, terminal or at the base of current year’s growth; bracts striate, laciniate, persistent or deciduous; pedicels articulated at the base. Sepals (4) 5, imbricate (usually quincuncial) in bud, white or pink in flower, persistent, enlarging and becoming red and coriaceous in fruit. Petals (4) 5, white to pink, not or scarcely unguiculate, deciduous. Stamens (8) 10–20 (22), free; anthers yellow, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, deciduous; filaments ± slender, approximately equal in length to the anthers, persistent. Carpels (3–4) 5–10, apparently free at the base, 1-ovulate; styles slender, gynobasic, completely united; stigmas terminal, scarcely enlarged. Fruit of 1 to several free black 1-seeded drupelets with fleshy mesocarp, inserted on the enlarged red receptacle. Seeds curved, without endosperm but with an internal projection of the endocarp round which the embryo develops; embryo curved, incumbent or accumbent, isocotylous.
Brackenridgea arenaria De Wild. & Dur. N. Robson [family OCHNACEAE]
FZ, Vol 2, Part 1, page 224, (1963) Author: N. K. B. Robson
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Rhizomatous shrublet or shrub up to 1 (2) m. high, frequently flowering just above ground level, with bark brown, ± rough, flaking; branches striate, purplish with pale lenticels at first, becoming white or pale brown and then ± ferrugineous, with bark not usually exfoliating. Leaves petiolate; lamina 4–12·4 (16) ×1·2–3·7 cm., oblong or elliptic to oblanceolate or more rarely obovate, acute or mucronate to rounded at the apex, with margin densely ± curved-glandular-serrulate or more rarely entire, cuneate at the base, herbaceous to chartaceous, with primary lateral nerves ascending, interconnected by more widely spreading secondary laterals in turn linked by tertiary cross-veins, prominent above, plane below; petiole 1–4 (14) mm. long, rather stout, flat or grooved above. Flowers solitary or 1–4 in fascicles, often with several fascicles clustered together, at the base of current year’s shoots, appearing before the leaves; pedicels (0·9) 1·3–2·5 cm. long in fruit. Sepals pink, 5–6 mm. long in flower, oblong, rounded, spreading or reflexed after flowering, becoming crimson-red, 8–10 mm. long, broadly oblong, flat and spreading or reflexed in fruit. Petals white, frequently tinged pink or with pink centre line, 6–8 mm. long, obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, narrowed at the base but not clawed. Stamens (13–19) 20 (21–22), with anthers yellow, 1·5–2 mm. long, 3/4–11/4 times as long as the filaments, straight, often twisting spirally after dehiscence. Carpels 5–7, with styles completely united; stigma small, scarcely lobed. Drupelets 6–8 × 6–7 mm., curved-lenticular, compressed.
Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv. [family OCHNACEAE]
FZ, Vol 2, Part 1, page 224, (1963) Author: N. K. B. Robson
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Shrub or small tree (0·3) 2–10 (15) m. high, with bark black or dark grey, very rough; branches striate, purplish with pale lenticels at first, becoming white or yellowish-white, not usually exfoliating. Leaves petiolate; lamina 2·7–7·7 (9·2) × (0·9) 1·1–2·6 (3) cm., oblong or elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, acute or shortly acuminate or mucronate to rounded at the apex, with margin densely glandular-serrulate, cuneate at the base, herbaceous, with primary lateral nerves ascending, interconnected by more widely spreading secondary laterals in turn linked by tertiary cross-veins, prominent above but less so or almost plane below; petiole 1–2·5 mm. long, rather slender, grooved above. Flowers solitary or 2–4 in fascicles, axillary or terminating short shoots, appearing before the leaves, scented; pedicels 1–2 cm. long in fruit. Sepals 3–4 (5) mm. long in flower, oblong, rounded, reflexed after flowering, becoming crimson, 7–9 (10) mm. long, narrowly oblong, flat and spreading in fruit. Petals white to creamy white, 4–5 mm. long, oblong-oblanceolate, narrowed at the base but not clawed. Stamens 10 (11), with anthers yellow, 1·5–2·5 mm. long, about 3/4–11/2 times as long as the filaments, straight, usually twisting spirally after dehiscence. Carpels 5, with styles completely united; stigma small, scarcely lobed. Drupelets curved-lenticular, compressed, 6–7 × 6–7 mm.
Brasenia
Brasenia Schreb. [family CABOMBACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 173, (1960) Author: H. Wild
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Leaves floating and peltate, submerged dissected leaves lacking. Stamens 12–18. Carpels 6–18.
Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmel. [family CABOMBACEAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 173, (1960) Author: H. Wild
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Glabrous aquatic plant with all its submerged parts covered with a profuse, clear, slimy mucilage. Leaves floating, rotund, peltate, 7.5 (10) x 5–7 cm., margin entire, green above, reddish-brown or purplish below, nerves 12, radiating from the apex of the petiole, rather faint, petiole reddish-brown, attached at the centre of the leaf-blade, up to 1 m. or more long according to the depth of the water, c. 1.5 mm. in diam. Flowers solitary, axillary on reddish-brown peduncles up to c. 8 cm. long, c. 2 mm. in diam. Sepals purplish-brownish-red, petaloid, c. 1.4 x 0.3 cm., narrowly oblong, apex rounded. Petals similar to the sepals but slightly larger. Stamens with slender papillose filaments up to 1 cm. long; anthers reddish, 3.5 mm. long, narrowly oblong, apiculate at the apex. Carpels 5 x 2 mm., narrowly lanceolate-ovoid, sparsely papillose, stigma simple, 3 mm. long, papillose. Ripe carpels 7 x 2 mm., ellipsoid with a persistent stigma. Seeds 3.5 x 2.3 mm., ellipsoid, testa pale brown.
Brassica
Brassica L. [family CRUCIFERAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 181, (1960) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Annual or biennial (rarely perennial) herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs. Flowers usually yellow, pedicellate, in ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, inner pair ± saccate. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 6. Fruit a beaked silique with convex valves, each valve with 1 prominent vein, beak with 0–3 seeds. Seeds 1-seriate, subspherical. Cotyledons conduplicate.
Brassica juncea L. Czern. [family CRUCIFERAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 181, (1960) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Native of Asia.
Annual herb 60–70 cm. tall with purplish nearly glabrous stems. Leaves stalked, lyrate-pinnatifid to nearly entire, somewhat glaucous. Flowers pale yellow with pedicels up to 8 mm. long in terminal racemes. Sepals somewhat spreading. Petals 4, 5–9 mm. long. Stamens 6. Silique 2.5–5 cm. long (usually about 3 cm. in our material), narrowly cylindric, valves with reticulate nervation, with a tapering, seedless beak 5–10 mm. long, at its tip narrower than the stigma. Seeds 1–1.3 mm. in diam., subspherical, yellowish- or reddish-brown.
Brassica oleracea L. [family CRUCIFERAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 181, (1960) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
may be found as escapes from cultivation
glabrous and glaucous with sessile but not amplexicaul cauline leaves
Brassica rapa L. [family CRUCIFERAE]
FZ, Vol 1, Part 1, page 181, (1960) Author: A. W. Exell
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
North temperate regions.
Annual or biennial herb with stout or tuberous tap-root. Basal leaves stalked, bristly, lyrate-pinnatifid, upper ones sessile, amplexicaul, ± glaucous. Flowers bright yellow, in terminal racemes. Sepals spreading. Petals 4, 6–10 mm. long. Stamens 6. Silique curved, erect, slightly flattened with a long, tapering beak. Seeds 1–5–2 mm. in diam., blackish or reddish-brown.
Brexia
Brexia Noronha ex Thouars [family BREXIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, page 59, (1978) Author: N. K. B. Robson
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A small genus, usually considered to comprise 1 rather variable species; but Perrier de la Bâthie (see below) recognised 6 species of which 5 are said to be endemic to Madagascar and 1 occurs also in the Seychelles, the Comoro Is. and the E. African mainland. Verdcourt (see below) suggests that the size and ribbing of the fruit may provide useful taxonomic characters.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous. Leaves alternate, entire or dentate to spinose-dentate, petiolate; stipules minute, caducous. Flowers in condensed pedunculate cymes or false umbels or fascicles, sometimes cauliflorous. Sepals (4)5, free, imbricate, deciduous. Petals (4)5, free, imbricate, spreading, deciduous. Stamens (4)5, slightly perigynous, inserted between and united with the disk lobes, with filaments dorsally compressed, slightly dilated near the base; anthers oblong-sagittate, versatile. Disk (4)5-lobed, each lobe bearing 3–4(–6) stiff filaments (staminodes?). Ovary narrowly ovoid-pyramidal, 5–10-angled, completely or incompletely 5(6–7)-locular, with ¥ horizontal ovules in 2 rows; style thick, simple; stigma shallowly 5(6–7)-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, woody, 5(6–7)-locular or eventually 1-locular, each loculus ¥-seeded. Seeds obovoid-oblong, angular, with black testa; embryo as long as seed.
Brexia madagascariensis Lam. Ker-Gawl. [family BREXIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 4, Part 0, page 59, (1978) Author: N. K. B. Robson
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Shrub or small tree, (2)3–7(10) m. high, much branched; stems smooth, angular when young, later terete. Leaves evergreen; petiole 1–2 cm. long; lamina 3·5–35 x 2–7·6 cm., very variable in shape, those on young shoots narrowly oblong to oblong-linear with margin spinose-dentate, those on mature shoots narrowly to broadly obovate with margin crenate to entire, all rounded to retuse at the apex, cuneate to rounded at the base, coriaceous; stipules subulate. Inflorescence (l)3–12(17)-flowered, pedunculate, in leaf axils; peduncle 1–9 cm. long, usually ± flattened, 1·5–5 mm. wide, sometimes bearing at the apex 1–2 leaf-like bracteoles c. 1 x 1 cm.; bracteoles otherwise small, scale-like, deciduous; pedicels 0·6–1·8 mm. long. Sepals c. 2·5 x 3·5–4 mm., united in the lower 1/2, with lobes triangular-oblate, apex rounded, margin entire. Petals greenish- or yellowish-white, 1·2–1·7 x 0·9–1·2 cm., broadly oblong-ovoid, obtuse, ± fleshy. Stamens with filaments c. 1·2 mm. thick; anthers c. 5 x 2·5 mm. Disk-lobes with filaments 4–6, linear, unequal. Ovary 5-angled, c. 8–10 mm. long including style. Drupe 4–10 x 1·9–3 cm., ovoid to oblong-fusiform or cylindric, prominently 5-ribbed (in our area), with mesocarp woody at first but said to become eventually pulpy and edible. Seeds 4·5–7·5 x 3–3·5 mm., brown or blackish, irregularly compressed-ellipsoid, carinate, minutely rugulose in ridges.
Breynia
Breynia J.R. & G. Forst. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
An Indo-Pacific genus of 25 species, some of which are widely cultivated ornamentals, one being ± naturalized in parts of Africa.
Monoecious or apparently dioecious shrubs or small trees, with or without a simple indumentum, often blackening on drying.Branching phyllanthoid (see Tab. 8).Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, simple, entire, penninerved, borne on plagiotropic shoots (leafy or floriferous lateral shoots of limited growth, see Phyllanthus).Flowers axillary, the male fasciculate or solitary, usually in the proximal axils, the female solitary, usually in the distal axils.Male flowers: pedicels often capillary; calyx obconic or turbinate, calyx lobes 6, imbricate, sharply inflexed; petals absent; disk absent; stamens 3, united into a short column, anthers elongate, thecae linear, extrorse, adnate to the column, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode absent.Female flowers: pedicels sometimes capillary; calyx lobes 6, imbricate, not inflexed, usually larger than in the male flowers, accrescent; disk absent; ovary 3-locular, ovules 2 per locule; styles 3, free, short, erect, simple or bifid.Fruit ± baccate, tardily and often incompletely loculicidally dehiscent; exocarp sometimes somewhat fleshy; endocarp crustaceous.Seeds trigonous, ecarunculate; testa membranous; albumen fleshy; cotyledons broad; radicle long.
Breynia disticha J.R. & G. Forst. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
None
Breynia disticha var. disticha [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
None
Breynia disticha forma nivosa W. Bull Croizat [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Native to Vanuatu, but widely cultivated throughout tropical Africa both for its ornamental foliage and as a hedge plant
A glabrous shrub up to 2 m high, densely branched.Twigs purplish or reddish-brown at first, later becoming greyish.Cataphylls 2 mm long, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute.Cataphyllary stipules 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, broadly triangular-ovate, acuminate.Plagiotropic shoots (leafy or floriferous lateral shoots of limited growth, see Phyllanthus) and their leaves distichous.Petioles 3–4 mm long.Stipules 1.5 mm long, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, acutely acuminate, subentire, green with hyaline margins.Leaf blades 1.5–3.5(6) × 1–3(3.5) cm, ovate-elliptic to suborbicular, rounded or emarginate, truncate, rounded or wide-cuneate at the base, membranaceous, olive-green, grey-green or bluish-green above and paler beneath, sometimes reddish-brown tinged, edged or blotched with creamy-white, white with pale grey-green patches and/or small dark olive flecks, entirely white, white suffused with pink or else entirely reddish-pink; lateral nerves in 5–7 pairs, ascending, camptodromous, scarcely prominent above, slightly so beneath.Male flowers (1)2(3) per axil, 2–3 mm in diameter; pedicels 6–9 mm long, capillary; calyx lobes obtuse, green, tinged reddish; staminal column 1 mm high.Female flowers 0.7–1 cm in diameter; pedicels 3–9 mm long; calyx lobes 1–2 × 1–2 mm, accrescent to 3–4 × 4–5 mm, obovate-obdeltate, obtuse, rounded or retuse, green or grey-green, reddish-tinged, sometimes irregularly edged and/or streaked white or pale pinkish; ovary 1 × 1 mm, 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth; styles minute, ± conical, shortly bifid.Fruit 3 × 5 mm, somewhat depressed3-lobed, subglobose, ± smooth, greenish.Seeds c. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, ± smooth, greyish.
Bridelia
Bridelia Willd. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A paleotropical genus of 77 species, with 15 in mainland Africa, of which 7 species occur in the Flora Zambesiaca area.
Monoecious, or rarely dioecious shrubs or trees.Indumentum simple.Trunk and branches sometimes armed with blunt thorns.Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, simple, entire or more or less so, penninerved; lateral nerves straight, arched or looped, tertiary nerves usually parallel.Flowers small, axillary, glomerulate or fasciculate, sometimes in spikes or panicles of glomeruliform fascicles.Bracts small, scale-like.Male flowers in many-flowered fascicles, sometimes with 1–2 female flowers admixed, sessile, subsessile or shortly pedicellate; sepals (4)5, valvate; petals 5, small, inflexed and not contiguous or imbricate; disk annular or cupuliform, entire or sinuate; stamens 5, filaments united below into a short column, free and spreading above, anthers horizontal, basifixed, the thecae parallel, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode at the top of the column ampulliform, entire or 2–4-lobed.Female flowers few per cluster or solitary, sometimes pedicellate; sepals and petals perigynous, otherwise ± as in female; outer disk annular, inner encasing the ovary; ovary 2(3)-locular, ovules 2 per locule; styles 2(3), free or connate at the base, bifid or subentire.Fruit drupaceous and indehiscent or else dehiscent; exocarp thin; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp crustaceous, 1- or 2-locular.Seeds solitary per locule by abortion, plano-convex and longitudinally grooved in 2-locular fruits, C-shaped in transverse section and hollowly cylindrical, split down one side in 1-locular fruits; albumen copious, fleshy; embryo curved; cotyledons broad, foliaceous, thin.
Bridelia atroviridis Müll. Arg. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Widespread in tropical Africa, extending from Sierra Leone eastwards to W Ethiopia and south to Angola, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.
A forest tree up to 20 m high with a straight trunk up to 45 cm in diameter.Bark pale grey, ± smooth or rough.Heartwood dark.Branches spiny.Twigs brown to dark purplish-brown, sparingly lenticellate.Young shoots and petioles evenly to sparingly puberulous, later glabrescent, or else quite glabrous.Petioles 2–8 mm long.Stipules 3–8 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, acutely acuminate, evenly to sparingly pubescent, soon falling.Leaf blades 2–17 × 1–10 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, rounded-cuneate to subtruncate at the base, membranous, sparingly pubescent along the midrib and otherwise glabrous or else completely glabrous above, evenly to sparingly pubescent along the midrib and veins and sometimes glabrescent beneath, dark green and shiny above, mid-green and dull beneath, almost blackening above in drying; lateral nerves in 10–22 pairs, camptodromous, not or slightly prominent above, somewhat so beneath, tertiary nerves subparallel.Male flowers: pedicels c. 1 mm long, pubescent; sepals c. 2 × 1 mm, triangular-ovate, acute, pubescent without at the base, otherwise glabrous, often pinkish or purplish-tinged; petals 0.75 × 0.75 mm, spathulate, somewhat erose at the apex; disk 1.5 mm in diameter, annular, verruculose, ± entire; staminal column 1 mm high; anthers 0.75 mm long; pistillode 1 mm tall, ampulliform, bifid at the apex.Female flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicellate; sepals ± as in the male; petals 0.5 × 0.5 mm, spathulate, subentire; outer disk as in the male; inner disk 3-lobed, lobes c. 1 × 1 mm, ± triangular, toothed at apex; ovary 1 × 0.75 mm, ovoid, 2-celled, styles 2, c. 1 mm long, ± free, bifid, stigmas ± smooth.Fruit 6–8 × 5–6(7) mm when dried, obovoid-ellipsoid, 1-locular by abortion, green at first, blackish-brown when ripe.Seed 4 mm long, smooth, shiny, chestnut-brown.
Bridelia brideliifolia Pax Fedde [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A deciduous tree up to 33 m high with a spreading crown, borne on stilt roots or with fluted buttresses up to 3 m high.Trunk spiny.Bark smooth or scaly, pinkish-brown.Branches ± flattened.Twigs dark purplish-brown or blackish. Young shoots, petioles and inflorescence axes evenly to sparingly pubescent or ± glabrous.Petioles 5–12 mm long.Stipules very fugacious; scars 3 mm long.Leaf blades 4–17 × 2–11 cm, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, shortly acutely to obtusely acuminate at the apex, cuneate-rounded to truncate or shallowly cordate at the base, firmly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous above with the midrib and lateral nerves sparingly pubescent above, more evenly pubescent beneath, dark green above, paler beneath, often drying blackish above and brownish beneath; lateral nerves in 11–20 pairs, cheilodromous, often branched, scarcely prominent above, prominent beneath, tertiary nerves parallel.Flowers in terminal leafless or almost leafless panicles 3–13 cm long.Male flowers: pedicels 1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals 2.5 × 1 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, pale greenish; petals 1 × 0.5 mm, spathulate-flabelliform, tridentate, yellowish-green; disk 2 mm in diameter, annular, verruculose, yellow; staminal column 1.5 mm high; anthers 0.8 mm long; pistillode 0.75 mm high, ampulliform, bifid at the apex, the lobes connivent.Female flowers subsessile or very shortly pedicellate; sepals 2 × 1.5 mm, triangular-ovate, otherwise as in male; petals oblanceolate, otherwise as in male; outer disk similar to that of male; inner disk irregularly 3-lobed, lobes c. 1 × 1 mm, ± triangular, irregularly lobulate at apex; ovary 1 × 1 mm, subglobose, 2-celled; styles 2, 1.3 mm long, united at the base, bifid, stigmas ± smooth.Fruit 9–12 × 5–7 mm, ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1-locular by abortion, green at first, later becoming purple or purplish-black.Seed 7 × 5 mm, smooth, brown.
Bridelia cathartica var. melanthesoides Baill. Radcl.-Sm. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Venation not prominent beneath; leaf blades usually drying medium green
Bridelia cathartica subsp. cathartica [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Leaf blades rarely exceeding 6 cm in length on younger shoots, glaucous beneath and usually drying greyish-brown; lateral nerves in up to 14 pairs, craspedodromous, closely parallel.
Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A rather variable scrambling single- or many-stemmed much branched shrub or small tree up to 7 m tall with a dense rounded crown and with horizontal or pendent branches.Bark light grey or brownish, smooth or rough, fissured.Twigs brown, lenticellate.Young shoots and petioles evenly to sparingly pubescent, puberulous or subglabrous.Petioles 2–5 mm long.Stipules up to 7 × 1 mm, linear-lanceolate or linear, sparingly pubescent or subglabrous, soon falling.Leaf blades 1–12 × 0.5–7 cm, elliptic-obovate to elliptic-oblong, rounded or obtuse, occasionally subacute, cuneate or rounded, rarely ± truncate at the base, margins sometimes revolute, firmly chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, glabrous above, evenly to sparingly pubescent along the midrib and nerves or else subglabrous to quite glabrous beneath, often bluish-green and shiny above, pale grey-green to glaucous and dull beneath; lateral nerves in 7–14 pairs, cheilodromous or brochidodromous, occasionally camptodromous, not prominent or slightly impressed above, slightly to strongly prominent beneath, tertiary nerves scarcely visible to prominent beneath.Flowers and fruits borne on leafy or wholly or partially leafless shoots.Male flowers sweetly-scented; pedicels very short or 0; sepals 2 × 1–1.5 mm, triangular-ovate, acute, glabrous, pale yellowish-green; petals 1×1 mm, flabelliform, erose at apex, pale greenish- or creamy-yellow; disk 1.75 mm in diameter, flat, entire, greenish; staminal column 1.25 mm high, greenish; anthers 0.67 mm long, yellow; pistillode 0.75 mm tall, conic-cylindric, deeply bifid.Female flowers sessile or subsessile; sepals ± as in the male, but somewhat thicker; petals c. 1 × 1 mm, rhombic-obovate, subentire; outer disk 2 mm in diameter, pentagonal, inner of 3 lobes c. 1 mm high, each lobe ± triangular, toothed; ovary c. 1 × 0.75 mm, ovoid, 2-locular; styles 2, 1 mm long, free, shortly bifid, stigmas uneven, greenish.Fruit 6–11 × 7–10 mm when dried, subglobose, 2-locular, green at first, later becoming reddish-purple then blackish.Seeds 7 × 6 × 3 mm, smooth, shiny, chestnut-brown.
Bridelia cathartica forma niedenzui Gehrm. Radcl.-Sm. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Veins completely glabrous beneath.
Bridelia cathartica forma melanthesoides Baill. Radcl.-Sm. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Bridelia cathartica forma pubescens Radcl.-Sm. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Bridelia cathartica forma fischeri Pax Radcl.-Sm. [family EUPHORBIACEAE]
FZ, Vol 9, Part 4, (1996) Author: A. Radcliffe-Smith
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Veins evenly to sparingly pubescent and later glabrescent beneath.
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