Flora of Southern Africa
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Abies
![Abies [family PINACEAE]](/fsi/img/misc/plants/static_thumbs/cover_florasa_icon96.jpg)
Abies [family PINACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
None
Abies religiosa [family PINACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
None
Acacia
Acacia [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Known from a single gathering from the eastern Transvaal.
Shrub; young branchlets glabrous, yellowish- to reddish-brown, epidermis splitÂting and peeling away to reveal a rusty-red inner layer. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, up to 3,2 cm long, straight. Leaves glabrous throughout: petiole 0,5-2 cm long, primary leaves with a large gland up to 4 x 2 mm situated immediately above the pulvinus, secondary leaves without a gland; rhachis 0-2 cm long, projecting at the end in a short rigid persistent deflexed hook or claw, with a slightly raised gland at the point of attachÂment of each pinna pair; pinnae 1-2 pairs, primary leaves with 2 pairs, secondary leaves with 1 pair; leaflets 5-8 pairs per pinna, 8-18 x 3-9 mm, oblong to obovate-oblong, acute or rounded apically, sometimes slightly emarginate, midrib and usually several other basal and lateral nerves ± raised and conspicuous on the lower surface, glabrous throughout. Inflorescences capitate, solitary or fascicled on axillary peduncles, terminal. Flowers sessile; peduncles 3,2-4,2 cm long, glabrous but with few to many scattered sessile glands; involucel at or near the middle of the peduncle. Calyx very sh
Acacia [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Meisner based his description of A. callicoma on a specimen without fruits and of unknown provenÂance, "loco natali incerto, aut Port Natal, aut Ins. S.
? Tree. Branches unarmed, glabrous, lenticellate. Stipules not evident. Leaves: petiole and rhachis together 10 cm long, terete, glabrous, petiole with an oblong sessile adaxial gland; pinnae 8 pairs; rhachilÂlae 2,5-3,75 cm long; leaflets 12-14 pairs per pinna, 14-16 x 6-8 mm, semihastate-oblong, acute apically, rounded-truncate basally, margins ciliate. Inflorescence a termiÂnal panicle, branchlets patent; peduncles 4-8 mm long, solitary or rarely paired. Flowers in round heads, sessile, hermaphroÂdite. Calyx and corolla infundibuliform, green, puberulous outside. Calyx half as long as the corolla, shortly 5-lobed. Corolla 5 mm long, 5-lobed. Stamens ± 20; filaments united below, reddish, exceeding the corolla. Pods unknown.
Acacia adunca [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Recorded from the Groot Drakenstein in the Cape Province, Voorligtingsbeampte C4.
Unarmed small tree; young branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves phyllodic, apparently simple, 5-12 cm long, 1,5-3 mm wide (in our area), linear, with a single main longitudinal nerve, usually with an oblique slightly recurved point apically, a fairly conspicuous marginal gland situated a short distance above the base. Flowers in small round heads, arranged in short axillary racemes which are mostly aggregated terÂminally. Pods reddish-brown when mature, 7-10 X 0,8-1 cm, oblong, margins often irregularly constricted, valves thin, umbonate over the seeds, longitudinally dehiscent.
Acacia albida [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa from Senegal, Gambia and Egypt southwards to South West Africa, Botswana, the Transvaal and Natal (Tongaland). Found usually on alluvial floodplains, in riverine fringing vegetation, on the margins of pans or swamps or, in more arid localities, along dry watercourses or where a fairly high water table exists.
Tree to 30 m high; trunk to 2 m diam.; crown rounded, branches spreading and frequently drooping to the ground in mature trees, young plants often irregularly branched and spindle-like. Bark dark brown to greenish-grey or ashen, rough; young branch-lets greenish-white or ashen, subglabrous to pubescent. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, up to 3,2 cm long, straight or slightly curved, greenish-white to light grey-brown, tips often reddish-brown when young; no prickles below the stipules. Leaves: petiole 0,5-3,7 cm long, adaxial gland absent; rhachis (1,3) 3-6(7,5) cm long, subglabrous or puberulous, with a single conspicuous gland at the junction of each of the 2(3)-10 pairs of pinnae; rhachillae (1,5)2,5-5,5(8,9) cm long; leaflets grey-green, 6-23 pairs per pinna, (2,5)4,5-9(13) x 0,75-3(5) mm, linear or linear-oblong to slightly obovate-oblong, apex rounded to subacute or mucronate, margin with or without white ciliolate hairs, glabrous or sparingly to densely appressed-pubescent ab- and/or adaxially. Inflorescences spicate, usually produced singly in the axil of a leaf, collectively forming a terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers yellowish-white to pale cream, sessile or to 0,5(2) mm pedicellate; spikes 3,5-15,7 cm long; peduncles (0,8) 2-4(6,3) cm long, subglabrous to pubescent. Calyx campanulate, glabrous to pubescent, tube 0,5-1,8 mm long, lobes 0,3-0,7 mm long. Corolla often a delicate pink inside basally, tube 0,8-2,5 mm long, lobes divided almost to the base, up to 3 mm long, glabrous to pubescent. Stamen-filaments 4-6 mm long, shortly connate basally for ± 1 mm; anthers 0,2-0,4 mm across, eglandular even in bud. Ovary 0,7-1,4 mm long, shortly stipitate, pilose; style glabrous or subglabrous. Pods bright orange to reddish-brown, falcate or curled into a circular coil or variously twisted, indehiscent, thick, 6-35 X (1,4)2-3,5(4,5) cm, glabrous or very rarely puberulous. Seeds light to dark brown, 9-12 x 4-8 mm, elliptic-lenticular; areole 7-9 x 4-6 mm, elliptic-lenticular.
Acacia arenaria [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Occurs in Tanzania, Angola, South West Africa, Botswana and Rhodesia. Found usually in drier types of mixed woodland, grassland or scrub, sometimes with Colophospermum mopane.
Shrub or small tree 1,5-9 m high, branching from near the base. Bark pale to dark grey- or reddish-brown to black, rough; young branchlets pale to dark grey- or reddish-brown, often as though whitewashed over a purplish background, sparingly to densely puberulous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, up to 6 cm long, straight, slender, usually the same colour as the young branch-lets and sparingly to densely puberulous; other prickles absent. Leaves: petiole 0,3-1,4 cm long, adaxial gland often absent, when present usually just below the lowest pinna pair, slightly raised, round to oval, 0,6-1,4 x 0,5—1,2 mm; rhachis 5-21,5 cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent, with a gland at the junction of eacli of the top 1-3 pairs of pinnae; well-developed leaves with 15-36 pairs of pinnae (reduced leaves with as few as 9 pairs of pinnae sometimes also present); rhachillae 1,2-4,1 cm long; leaflets (11)18-26(32) pairs per pinna, 1,5-5 x 0,5-1,1 mm, linear to linear-oblong, apex rounded to subacute, margins glabrous or ciliate, glabrous abaxially. Inflorescences capiÂtate, solitary or more usually fascicled, often crowded into an irregular terminal "raceme". Flowers white or pale pink, sessile; peduncles (0,6)1,1-2,2(2,9) cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent, usually glandular; invo-lucel at or above the middle or at the apex of the peduncle. Calyx cupular, white or pink, sparingly to densely pubescent, espeÂcially at apices of lobes, tube 0,3-0,9 mm long, lobes up to 0,6 mm long. Corolla tubular, glabrous, tube up to 2,5 mm long, lobes up to 0,7 mm long, usually 2-4 times as long as the calyx. Stamen-filaments free, up to 5 mm long; anthers 0,2-0,25 mm across, with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary up to 1 mm long, glabrous. Pods pale to dark reddish-brown, 8-22 x 0,5-0,8 cm, arcuate, sometimes slightly constricted between the seeds, flat, longitudinally dehiscent; valves thin, glabrous to sparingly pubescent and glandular. Seeds olive-grey, 7-9 X 3-4,5 mm, oblong or quadrate, smooth, compressed; areole 3,5-4,5 x 1,5-2,25 mm.
Acacia armata [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Introduced from Australia.
Shrub up to 3,5 m high; young branch-lets reddish-brown or brown, angular-striate, usually hirsute-pubescent, seldom glabrous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, slender, divariÂcate, up to 1 cm long. Leaves phyllodic, apparently simple, 0,5-1(1,5) X 0,2-0,6 cm, obliquely-ovate to oblong or narrowly lanceolate, undulate, with a single nearly centric midrib, apex obtuse or distinctly mucronate, glabrous throughout or someÂtimes with hairs on the margins and on the midrib. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles which are about as long as the phyilodes. Flowers bright yellow. Calyx lobed but not separating into sepals, ± half as long as the corolla. Petals narrow, glaÂbrous. Pods straight or ± falcate, 2,5-6 x 0,2-0,6 cm, dehiscent, villous, rarely glaÂbrous or hispid. Seeds dark brownish-black, ± 7x 2,5 mm, smooth; caruncle conspiÂcuous.
Acacia ataxacantha [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa from Senegal in the west to the Sudan Republic in the north-east, southwards to South West Africa, Botswana, the Transvaal, Swaziland, Natal and the Eastern Cape Province. Occurs in riverine fringing vegetation, on forest margins, in forest clearings, as a component of mesophytic scrub in shaded kloofs and ravines, in dry river valley scrub and thornveld, on boulder-strewn slopes or, occasionally, in open grassland. Often forms dense impenetrable thickets.
Scandent shrub up to 15 m high, often with many stems arising from a common base, a non-climbing shrub or occasionally a tree up to 10 m high, crown often slightly rounded in arborescent forms; trunk to 0,5 m diam. Bark pale to dark yellowish- or grey-brown, rough, slightly fissured, sometimes flaking; young branchlets pale yellowish- or grey- to reddish-brown, sparingly to densely pubescent, indumentum frequently slightly golden. Stipules not spinescent, in pairs above the nodes, obliquely ovate (rarely almost linear), up to 12 x 7 mm, soon deciduous. Prickles scattered along the internodes, usually strongly recurved, reddish-brown to purplish, often broad-based, up to 15 mm long. Leaves: petiole (0,4)1-2(3,4) cm long, adaxial gland usually present (sometimes two), variable in position, usually stalked, up to 2 mm high; rhachis (2,3)6-12(16,5) cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent, rarely subglabrous, with or without recurved prickles abaxially, a gland often present at the junction of the top pair of pinna only or between the top 1-5 and occasionally the lowest 1-3 pairs; pinnae (6)8-20(29) pairs; rhachillae (0,9)2,6-4,2(7,3) cm long; leafÂlets 19-62 pairs per pinna, 2-6,9 X 0,5-1,3 mm, linear to linear-oblong, often slightly falcate, apex obtuse to acute, margins with or without ciliate hairs, glabrous abaxially or appressed-pubescent with a tendency for an apical and/or basal tuft. Inflorescences spicate, fascicled or crowded into an irregular terminal raceme, occasionally solitary. Flowers yellowish-white, pedicellate or appearing sessile; spikes 2,2-11,5 cm long; peduncles 0,3-2,5 cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent. Calyx cupular, glabrous to sparingly pubescent, usually 1/3-1/2 as long as corolla, tube 0,6-1,7 mm long, lobes 0,2-0,6 mm long. Corolla campanulate, glabrous to sparingly pubescent, tube 1,4-2,2 mm long, lobes up to 0,8 mm long. Stamen-filaments free, up to 6 mm long; anthers 0,15 mm across, with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary densely pubescent, 0,6-1,4 mm long, on a stipe longer than itself. Pods reddish- or purplish-brown, 5,3-20,4 x 0,9-2,4 cm, linear-oblong, straight, very acuminate at both ends or merely acute, longitudinally dehiscent, brittle, umbonate over the seeds, glabrous or subglabrous. Seeds olive-brown, subcircular-lenticular, 6-9 mm in diam., compressed; areole central, small, 2,5-3 mm in diam., obscure.
Acacia baileyana [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Introduced from Australia.
Unarmed shrub or tree up to 5 m high; young branchlets subglabrous to sparingly pubescent. Leavesbipinnate, glaucous: petiole very short, 2-8 mm long; rhachis 0-1,2 cm long, with a gland at the junction of each or only the top few pinnae pairs; pinnae (1)2-4 pairs, crowded; leaflets 12-20 pairs, 3-7 X 0,8-1,5 mm, linear-oblong, often slightly falcate, glabrous throughout or with few marginal cilia. Inflorescences capitate, in axillary racemes or panicles longer than the leaves. Flowers bright yellow; peduncles 2-5 mm long. Calyx and corolla glabrous or almost so. Pods brown, 4-10 x 0,8-1,4 cm, straight or slightly curved, margins entire or only slightly and irregularly constricted between some of the seeds, dehiscing longiÂtudinally along one margin. Seeds blackish, ±6x3 mm, smooth; caruncle conspicuous; areole ±5x2 mm.
Acacia borleae [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Occurs in south-eastern Rhodesia, the eastern Transvaal, southern Mozambique, Swaziland and Zululand. Found in mixed woodland and thornveld, usually in low lying areas on heavy soils or on rocky outcrops. Often gregarious and forming thickets.
Many stemmed shrub with slender ascending branches or sometimes a slender tree, 1-5 m high. Bark dark reddish-brown to purplish-black or black, rough; young branchlets dark reddish-brown to blackish, flaking minutely, with numerous sessile glands, often glutinous, glabrous or sub-glabrous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0,5-6,5 cm long, straight or slightly reflexed, slender, whitish, tips usually reddish-brown; other prickles absent. Leaves: petiole 0,5-1,8 cm long, adaxial gland often absent, sometimes a rather large sessile gland at or below the junction of the lowest pinna pair; rhachis (0) 2,5-4,7(6,8) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, with a small sessile gland at the junction of the top 1-3 pinnae pairs, smaller scattered sessile glands present and sometimes numerous; pinnae (1)5-10(17) pairs; rhachillae 0,6-3,4 cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, glandular; leaflets (5)8-15 (18) pairs per pinna, 1,5-5 x 0,8-2,2 mm, linear-oblong, margins clearly crenulate-glandular, surface glandular-punctate, glabÂrous, apex rounded to subacute or shortly spinulose-mucronate. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or fascicled, forming terminal racemes. Flowers bright yellow, sessile; peduncles 1,6-3,4 cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, glandular; in-volucel at or above the middle of the peduncle. Calyx glabrous or subglabrous, tube 1,2-1,8 mm long, lobes up to 0,5 mm long. Corolla tubular, glabrous, tube 2-2,5 mm long, lobes up to 0,8 mm long, spreading slightly, often reflexed. Stamen-filaments free, up to 4,5 mm long; anthers with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary up to 1,4 mm long, shortly stipitate, glabrous. Pods dark brown to reddish-brown or blackish, 2,8-7,5(10) x 0,5-0,8 cm, slightly to strongly falcate, often curled into an almost complete circle, ± moniliform, irregularly constricted between the seeds, with numerous sessile pustular glands on the surface, glutinous, longitudinally dehiscent, glabrous or subÂglabrous. Seeds olive-brown, 4,5-6 x 3,5 — 5 mm, elliptic to subcircular, compressed; areole 2,5-4 X 2,5-3,5 mm.
Acacia brevispica [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
None
Acacia brevispica subsp dregeana [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
None
Acacia burkei [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in south-eastern Botswana, southÂeastern Rhodesia, the Transvaal, Mozambique, Swaziland and Natal (almost confined to Zululand). Occurs on a variety of soil types and on boulder strewn slopes in dry river valley scrub, thornveld, mixed woodland and in scrub.
Tree to 27 m high with a rounded, flattened and somewhat spreading or irreguÂlarly open crown. Bark pale or dark greyish-yellow to brown or almost black, rough, irregularly fissured, flaking, often with persisÂtent prickles scattered over the surface; young branchlets pale or dark greyish-yellow or reddish-brown to black, flaking, often minutely, subglabrous to densely pubescent. Stipules not spinescent, in pairs, ± linear, 1-3,5 x 0,2-0,6 mm, densely pubescent, soon deciduous. Prickles in pairs below the nodes, strongly recurved, often broad-based, grey to reddish-brown or black, 3-9 mm long. Leaves: petiole (0,4)1-2,3(3,5) cm long, adaxial gland often present, variable in position, 0,3-0,8 mm in diam.; rhachis (0)3,4-7,2(9,1) cm long, subglabrous to densely pubescent, abaxial surface usually without recurved prickles, eglandular or with a gland at the junction of the top pinna pair or top 1-3 pairs; pinnae (1)3-13 pairs; rhachillae 0,6-5,7 cm long, subglabrous to densely pubescent; leaflets (1)4-19 pairs per pinna, 1,2-20,2 X 0,8-13,1 mm, very variable in shape, linear to linear-oblong or obovate, obovate-oblong to ± orbicular, apex acute to rounded, usually markedly asymmetric basally, veins often prominent below, varying from glabrous above and/or below to sparingly or densely pubescent above and/or below, typically pubescent and with a small basal tuft of hairs on the lower surface. Inflorescences spicate, fascicled, often crowÂded into a terminal raceme, or occasionally solitary. Flowers yellowish-white, sessile or almost so; spikes 1,4-8,5(14,6) cm long; peduncles 0,4-2 cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent, rarely subglabrous. Calyx campanulate, often tinged with pink or distinctly pinkish-red, sparingly to densely pubescent, tube 0,7-1,6 mm long, lobes 0,4-1,1 mm long. Corolla often tinged with pink or pinkish-red, glabrous or apices of lobes sparingly pubescent, tube 1,5-2,1 mm long, lobes up to 1,2 mm long. Stamen-filaments free, up to 6 mm long; anthers ± 0,15 mm across, with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary to 1,6 mm long, glabrous, shortly stipitate. Pods reddish- or purplish-brown, 4,1-16,9 x 0,9-2,4 cm, straight, linear-oblong, ± acuminate to mucronate apically, longitudinally dehiscent, coriaceous, obscurely venose, glabrous or sparsely pubeÂscent near the margins and stipe. Seeds olive-to reddish-brown, subcircular-lenticular, 6-13 x 6-11 mm, compressed; central areole 4-8 x 3-8 mm, horse-shoe shaped.
Acacia caffra [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in south-eastern Botswana, the Transvaal, southern Mozambique, Swaziland, Natal and the Cape Province. Occupies a diverse range of habitats from coastal scrub, dry thornveld and river valley scrub, to mixed bushveld and tall grassland. Frequently occurs amongst boulders or near termite mounds which afford some protection from fire. A dwarf stunted from often occurs on rocky stream banks in the eastern Cape.
Shrub or tree to 14 m high; trunk to 0,6 m diam.; crown often rounded. Bark reddish- or dark-brown to blackish, rough, frequently transversely and longitudinally fissured; young branchlets glabrous to sparingly or densely tomentose, eglandular or with minute reddish glands. Stipules not spinescent, in pairs, linear, 2,5-4 x 0,2-0,8 mm, soon deciduous. Prickles in pairs just below each node (rarely absent or with a few additional prickles scattered elsewhere on the stems), recurved or sometimes ± straight, dark-brown to blackish, up to 9 mm long. Leaves: petiole (0,5)0,8-3(4) cm long, adaxial gland variable in position, often slightly below the lowest pinna pair, 0,7-1,5 x 0,3-0,7 mm; rhachis (2)5-15(22,7) cm long, glabrous to densely tomentose, abaxial surface often with recurved prickles up to 3 mm long, with a gland at the junction of the top 1-3 pinnae pairs, occasionally between each pinna pair, or absent from some; pinnae (6)8-26(38) pairs; rhachillae (1,1)2,4-5(6,7) cm long, glabrous to tomentose; leaflets (13)21-50(64) pairs per pi
Acacia cultriformis [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Recorded from Stellenbosch, Garside 1248 (K).
Unarmed shrub or small tree; young branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves phyl-lodic, apparently simple, 0,8-3 x 0,6-1,1 cm, obliquely obovate-lanceolate to ovate-triangular, glaucous, glabrous, with a single main longitudinal nerve and finely penni-nerved, usually with 1 marginal gland, someÂtimes on a prominent angle. Flowers in small round heads, arranged in axillary racemes which are longer than the phyllodes and are often ± aggregated terminally. Pods 5-9 x 0,5-0,7 cm, linear-oblong, glabrous, longitudinally dehiscent.
Acacia cyclops [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Introduced into the Cape Province from Australia and now widespread in coastal areas from Lambert's Bay in the north-west to Kidd's Beach in the north-east.
Unarmed shrub or small tree up to 6 m high; young branchlets usually angular and glabrous. Leaves phyllodic, apparently simple, glabrous, 3-9 x 0,6-1,5 cm, narrowly-oblong, usually ± straight, someÂtimes slightly falcate, obliquely mucronate apically, narrowed basally, with 3-5 promiÂnent longitudinal nerves and anastomosing almost longitudinal veins. Inflorescences gloÂbose, solitary or two or three in short axillary racemes. Flowers bright yellow; peduncles up to 7 mm long. Calyx pubescent apically, more than half as long as the corolla. Petals free. Pods brown, 5-15 X 0,8-1,3 cm, oblong, falcate or variously coiled or spirally twisted, flattened, margins not constricted between the seeds, dehiscing longitudinally along both margins. Seeds dark brown, 5-7 x 3-4 mm, smooth, compressed; areole ±4x2 mm; funicle thickened, bright red or orange, encircling the seed in a double fold.
Acacia davyi [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in the Transvaal, southern Mozambique, Swaziland and Natal. Occurs in grassland, woodland, thornveld, bushveld and scrub; often on rocky slopes. A. davyi is seldom dominant to the exclusion of all other Acacia species except very locally.
Shrub or small tree up to 5 m high. Bark yellow to yellowish-brown or brown, soft, corky, sometimes slightly papery, fissured; young branchlets creamy-white or yellowish to pale grey-brown or brown, glabrous to puberulous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0,4-3 cm long, straight, slender, mostly ascending, glabrous or densely puberulous; other prickles absent. Leaves: petiole 0,3-0,9 cm long, glabrous to densely puberulous, adaxial gland often absent, when present usually just below the lowest pinna pair; rhachis (3,6)8-14(18) cm long, glabrous to densely puberulous, with a gland at the junction of the top 1-6 pinnae pairs; pinnae of well-developed leaves in 12-27 pairs (reduced leaves with as few as 8 pairs of pinnae sometimes also present); rhachillae 1,8-4,4(5,6) cm long; leaflets (17) 20-36(44) pairs per pinna, 1,9-6 X 0,6-1 mm, linear to linear-oblong, apex obtuse to subacute but not spinulose-mucronate, eglandular, margins glabrous or occasionally with few short cilia, usually glabrous below. InfloresÂcences capitate, on axillary peduncles, fascicled, borne along shoots of the current season and often aggregated into ± elongate terminal "racemes". Flowers bright-yellow, sessile; peduncles 0,8-3(6) cm long, glabrous to densely puberulous; involucel 1/3-2/3-way up the peduncle. Calyx glabrous except for pubescence on the lobes, especially apically, or sparingly puberulous throughout, tube 0,9-1,4 mm long, lobes up to 0,4 mm long. Corolla glabrous, tube 1,4-1,9 mm long, lobes up to 0,6 mm long. Stamen-filaments free, up to 4 mm long; anthers with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary up to 1,75 mm long, glabrous. Pods pale to dark yellowish-brown or brown, (5)7-12(17) x 0,5-0,8 cm, linear, straight to slightly falcate, longituÂdinally dehiscent, not or somewhat conÂstricted between the seeds, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, eglandular, flat, inconÂspicuously venose, sometimes irregularly swollen and pustulate from insect attack. Seeds olive- to dark-brown, 6-7,5 x 3-5,5 mm, elliptic, compressed; areole 4-5 x 2,5-3,5 mm.
Acacia dealbata [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Introduced from Australia.
Unarmed shrub or tree up to 15 m high with a conical or rounded crown; bark grey-brown to blackish, smooth or rough on very old trunks; young branchlets usually densely short-pubescent, rarely subglabrous, ± grey-pruinose, indumentum grey or sometimes yellowish at first and then grey. Leaves bipinnate, often glaucous; petiole 0,5-2 cm long, eglandular; rhachis 2,5-10 cm long, with a raised gland on its upper surface at the junction of each pair of pinnae, but without other glands in between the pinnae pairs as in A. meamsii; pinnae (5)10-26 pairs; leaflets in 17-50 pairs, 2-5,5 x 0,4-0,7 mm, linear-oblong, sparingly to ± densely pubesÂcent or glabrous beneath, margins with or without cilia. Inflorescences capitate, panicled or racemose. Flowers bright yellow; peduncles densely pubescent, up to 6 mm long. Calyx and corolla glabrous except for apices of the lobes. Pods 3-8 x 0,7-1,3 cm, not or only slightly moniliform, dehiscing longitudinally along one margin only, straight or slightly curved. Seeds brown to blackish-brown, 5-6 x 3-3,5 mm, elliptic, compressed, smooth; caruncle conspicuous; areole 3,5-4 x 0,75-1,5mm.
Acacia decurrens [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Introduced from Australia.
Unarmed tree up to 12 m high with a conical or rounded crown; young branchlets prominently angled, sometimes with wing-like ridges 1-2 mm high, glabrous or the very young shoots slightly tomentose-pubescent. Leaves bipinnate, green, decurrent: petiole angular, 1,5-3,5 cm long, often eglandular; rhachis 3-10 cm long, with a raised gland just below the junction of each pinna pair; pinnae (5)8-15 pairs; leaflets 15-35 pairs, 6-15 x 0,3-0,75 mm, linear, usually glabrous throughout. Inflorescences capitate, panicled or racemose. Flowers bright golden-yellow; peduncles 2-5 mm long. Calyx sparingly pubescent on apices of lobes. Corolla glabrous or almost so. Pods brown or dark brown, 3,5-10 X 0,4-0,7 cm, not or only slightly moniliform, dehiscing longituÂdinally along one margin only, straight or slightly curved. Seeds brown to blackish-brown, ±5 x 3,5 mm, elliptic, compressed, smooth; caruncle conspicuous; areole ± 3,5 x 2mm.
Acacia elata [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Recorded from Krugersdorp in the Transvaal, Gerstner 6671, and Stellenbosch in the Cape, Taylor 7968, but much more widely cultivated.
Unarmed tree. Leaves bipinnate, large, 30-40 cm long; pinnae 3-5 pairs; leaflets 8-15 pairs per pinna, mostly 2-6 x 0,4-1 cm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often somewhat falcate, usually finely pubescent at least on the lower surface. Flowers pale yellow, in round heads, arranged in axillary racemes or panicles. Pods ± 9-15 x 0,9-1,3 cm, linear-oblong, straight or curved, the margins irregularly constricted between the seeds, compressed, dehiscing along both margins.
Acacia erioloba [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in Angola, South West Africa, Botswana, Zambia, south-western Rhodesia, the Transvaal, western Orange Free State and northern Cape Province. Occurs frequently on the Kalahari sands and in other areas where sandy soils are prevalent; in dry woodland, bush or thornveld. Often the dominant species in the Kalahari thornveld. In very dry areas it occurs along watercourses and in other situations where underground water is available. Restricted to the northern Cape Province. Occurs on the Kalahari sands, often on the flats of loose sand between the hills; in dry woodland, bush or thornveld. Although specimens are relatively wideÂspread in the northern Cape, they are nowhere common. Usually only a solitary plant is found or, at most, five or six individuals.
Tree up to 15 m high or less frequently a shrub to 4 m high; trunk to 1 m in diam.; crown rounded, the branches often drooping somewhat, or flattened and spreading. Bark dark greyish-brown to blackish, rough, fissured, often flaking off in thick ± woody sections when old; young branchlets pale to dark grey- or reddish-brown to purple, sometimes as though whitewashed over a purplish background, often flaking minutely, glabrous or subglabrous, seldom pubescent. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0,5-5(10) cm long, usually rather stout, often thickened below and fused together basally into an enlarged "ant-gall", 1,5-2 x 2-2,5 cm, sometimes furrowed down the middle, taperÂing to a sharp point apically; other prickles absent. Leaves: petiole 0,4-1,4 cm long, adaxial gland absent; rhachis (0)1-3,5(5,5) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, a small gland at the junction of each pinna pair; pinnae (1)2-5(6) pairs; rhachillae (1,3)1,6-3,2(4,2) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous; leaflets (6)8-15(18) pairs per pinna, 4-11,5 x (0,7)1,4-2,4(4) mm, linear-oblong to narÂrowly obovate, oblique basally, apex rounded to subacute, glabrous throughout or someÂtimes marginal cilia present, rarely pubescent below, lateral nerves prominent and conÂspicuous above and beneath. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or fascicled, scattered along the shoots. Flowers bright golden-yellow, sessile or shortly pediÂcellate, (sometimes some flowers are male only); peduncles (1,8)2,3-4(5,5) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, eglandular; involu-cel apical. Calyx glabrous, sometimes apices of lobes with few glandular hairs, tube 1,5-2,2 mm long, lobes up to 0,6 mm long. Corolla glabrous or apices of lobes with glandular hairs, 2,7-3,6 mm long, lobes sometimes free for most of their length. Stamen-filaments free or connate into groups basally, up to 7,5 mm long; anthers with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary 1,2-2 mm long, sessile or shortly stipitate, glabrous at first but soon becoming pubescent. Pods densely grey-velutinous all over, with numeÂrous minute dark reddish-brown to purplish glands particularly when young, (4)6-13 cm long, 1,8-5 cm wide, 0,8-2 cm thick, indehiscent, semi-woody, frequently semi-lunate to suborbicular, sometimes curled almost into a circle, apex rounded to acute or beaked, spongy within, seeds irregularly scattered but separated by transverse partitions. Seeds dark reddish-brown, 8-14 x 7-10 mm, lenticular to elliptic, sometimes scarcely compressed; areole 3-9 x 2-5,5 mm. Tree to 7 m high; crown rounded, spreading, branches usually drooping someÂwhat; habit resembling that of A. erioloba. Bark dark greyish-brown to blackish, rough; young branchlets grey or reddish-brown to purplish, sometimes appearing as though whitewashed over a purplish background, glabrous to densely grey-tomentellous, glanÂdular or eglandular. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0,3-5 cm long, slender but usually stouter than in A. haematoxylon, never inflated as in A. erioloba. Leaves distinctly bipinnate, sparingly to densely grey-tomentelÂlous: petiole 2-9 mm long, adaxial gland absent; rhachis 0,9-4,8 cm long, with or without minute scattered glands, a small yellowish-brown gland often present at the junction of each pinna pair; pinnae 3-12 pairs; rhachillae 0,4-2,2 cm long, glandular or eglandular; leaflets greyish, 11-25 pairs per pinna, 1-4 x 0,4-1,1 mm, linear to linear-oblong, often slightly falcate, apex rounded to subacute, sparingly to densely puberulous above and below, lateral nerves not prominent. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or sometime
Acacia erubescens [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Angola, South West Africa, Botswana and the Transvaal. Occurs in drier types of mixed deciduous woodland or scrub, often on rocky outcrops, in open bush on sand or along the sandy banks of dry watercourses.
Shrub, often with many stems, or a tree to 10 m high; trunk to 0,3 diam.; crown often flattened and spreading somewhat. Bark pale to dark yellowish- or greyish-brown, rough, the outer layer papery and flaking or peeling off; young branchlets yellowish- or greyish-brown to purplish, puberulous to pubescent, sometimes glabrous, indumentum usually slightly golden. Stipules not spinescent, in pairs, linear, 2-4,2 X 0,2-0,8 mm, soon deciduous. Prickles in pairs below the nodes (very rarely in threes but then all three prickles point downward), usually strongly recurved, broad-based, grey-brown to blackish, up to 7 mm long. Leaves: petiole (0,7)1,3-2,5(4) cm long, adaxial gland present or absent, variable in position, often slightly raised, 0,3-0,7(1) X 0,1-0,5 mm; rhachis (1)1,5-2,7(5) cm long, usually puberulous to densely pubescent, glands variable, either at the junction of some of the pinnae pairs, between the top pair only or sometimes absent; pinnae 3-7 pairs; rhachil-lae (1)1,2-3(3,9) cm long, usually puberulous to densely pubescent; leaflets 10-27 pairs per pinna, 3-7,5(10) X (0,75)1-1,6(2,8) mm, obliquely oblong, often slightly falcate or the upper somewhat obovate, apex usually oblique, acute or subacute, sometimes ± rounded, veins often prominent beneath at first but becoming obscure with age, glabrous below or occasionally sparingly pubescent, margins with or without cilia. Inflorescences spicate, fascicled or crowded into an irregular terminal panicle, sometimes solitary. Flowers yellowish-white, sessile; spikes (1,8)2,2-4,5(6) cm long, peduncles (0,6)1,2-2,5 cm long, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, puberuÂlous to densely pubescent, tube 1-2,2 mm long, lobes 0,6-1,8 mm long. Corolla tubular, appressed-pubescent, especially towards apices of lobes.tube up to 3 mm long, lobes up to 1,5 mm long. Stamen-filaments free, up to 8 mm long ;anthers 0,2-0,25 mm across, with a deciÂduous apical gland. Ovary 0,5-1,9 mm long, glabrous, sessile or shortly stipitate. Pods fawn to dark brown, 3-13 X 1,1-1,8(2,3) cm, linear-oblong, straight, rounded to acute or acuminate apically, longitudinally dehisÂcent, venose, coriaceous, subglabrous except for pubescence on the margins and stipe, glands absent or few and inconspicuous. Seeds olive-brown, usually subcircular, 7-11 X 7-11 mm, compressed; areole 1-3 X 2-4,5 mm, horse-shoe shaped.
Acacia exuvialis [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Found in south-eastern Rhodesia and the eastern Transvaal. Occurs in mixed deciduous bush or woodland, often with Colophospermum mopane.
Many stemmed shrub or small tree with slender ascending branches to 5 m high. Bark pale to dark yellowish- or greyish-brown, often oily in appearance, peeling in long strips; young branchlets reddish-brown to purplish-black, sometimes flaking, with some scattered inconspicuous dark sessile glands, often glutinous, glabrous or sub-glabrous. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, 0,4-7,7 cm long, straight or ± deflexed, sometimes slightly enlarged and swollen, whitish, glabrous; other prickles absent. Leaves: petiole (0,3)0,8-1,5(2,4) cm long, adaxial gland usually absent; rhachis (0)0,7-2,4(4,7) cm long, glabrous or sub-glabrous, with a small sessile to shortly stipitate gland at the junction of each pinna pair, otherwise eglandular or with a few scattered inconspicuous glands; pinnae (1)2-4(6) pairs; rhachillae 0,6-2(3,3) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous; leaflets 3-6 pairs per pinna, (2,4)4-7(10) X 1,5-3(4,5) mm, linear-oblong to ovate- or obovate-oblong, margins entire, eglandular or almost so, glabrous, lateral nerves inconspicuous beneath, apex ± spinulose-mucronate. InflorÂescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or fascicled along shoots of the current or previous season. Flowers bright yellow, sessile; peduncles (1,3)2-3(3,9) cm long, glabrous or subglabrous, glandular; involucel at or above the middle of the peduncle, 2-4 mm long. Calyx glabrous or subglabrous, tube 1,2-1,8 mm long, lobes up to 0,6 mm long. Corolla glabrous, tube 1,5-2,5 mm long, lobes up to 0,7 mm long, often reflexed. Stamen-filaments free, up to 4,5 mm long; anthers with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary shortly stipitate, up to 1,8 mm long, glabrous. Pods pale to dark yellowish-or reddish-brown, 1,5-3,6(6,5) X 0,4-0,9 cm, slightly to strongly falcate, somewhat torulose, subcoriaceous, venose, longitudiÂnally dehiscent, eglandular or with few scattered glands, slightly glutinous, glabrous. Seeds olive-green to olive-brown, 5-8 x 3,5-6 mm, elliptic, compressed; areole 3-5 X 2,5-3mm.
Acacia farnesiana [family FABACEAE]
Flora of South Africa, (2003) Author: Dr J.P. Roux
South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town (SAM)
Reference Sources
Probably a native of tropical America, doubtÂfully so in Africa. Widely introduced in the tropics and often becoming wild. Only planted or an escape from cultivation in our area.
Shrub or small tree to 4 m high; young branchlets grey to reddish-brown or purplish, epidermis not obviously peeling off, with numerous somewhat transversely elongated lenticels, glabrous or almost so. Stipules spinescent, in pairs, usually short, up to 1,5(3) cm long, straight, slender, never inflaÂted; "ant-galls" and other prickles absent. Leaves bipinnate: petiole sparingly to ± densely pubescent, usually with a small gland; rhachis sparingly to ± densely pubescent, often with a small gland below the junction of the top pinna pair; pinnae 2-7 pairs; leaflets 10-21 pairs, 2-7 x 0,75-1,75 mm, midrib and lateral nerves visible and somewhat raised beneath, glabrous throughout or with few inconspicuous marginal cilia. Inflorescences capitate, on axillary peduncles, solitary or in pairs or threes. Flowers bright golden-yellow, sweetly scented; peduncles sparingly to ± densely pubescent basally, sparingly glandular; involucel apical. Calyx and corolla glabrous except for the apices of the lobes. Pods dark brown to blackish, 4-7,5 x 0,9-1,5 cm, straight or curved, subterete and turgid, glabrous, tardily dehisÂcent, finely longitudinally striate. Seeds ch
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