Flora Somalia
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ALOE somaliensis var. somaliensis [family ALOACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by J. Lavranos [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
N1
None
Alternanthera
ALTERNANTHERA Forssk. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
A large genus of perhaps c. 200 species (revision will probably prove this figure too high), particularly well represented in the New World tropics.
Annual or perennial, prostrate or erect to scrambling or floating, with entire, opposite leaves. Inflorescence axillary, of sessile or pedunculate heads or short spikes, solitary or clustered, bracteate, flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts. Tepals 5, free, similar or dissimilar in form. Stamens 2–5, some occasionally without anthers, filaments monadelphous below into a cup or tube, alternating with large and dentate or laciniate to very small subulate pseudostaminodes, or rarely these absent. Style short, stigma capitate. Ovary 1-ovulate. Fruit thin-walled or sometimes ± corky.
ALTERNANTHERA pungens Kunth [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
N1; C2; S1, 3 a native of tropical America, now widespread in most tropical and subtropical regions.
Prostrate perennial with a stout, vertical rootstock, also rooting at the lower nodes, much-branched from the base outwards to form mats up to c. 1 m across. Stem and branches at first densely villous with long white hairs, later glabrescent. Leaves broadly rhomboid-ovate to obovate, 1.5–4.5 x 0.3–2.7 cm, rounded or subacute at the apex with the mucro frequently bristle-like when young, attenuate below, glabrous or rather thinly appressed-hairy. Inflorescences sessile, commonly 2–3 together, 0.5–1.5 x 0.5–1 cm, globose to shortly cylindrical. Tepals extremely dissimilar: outer 2 (abaxial) deltoid-lanceolate, c. 5 mm., with a spinous arista; inner (adaxial) oblong, flat, c. 3 mm, strongly dentate at the apex, mucro short and fine; lateral tepals c. 2 mm, sinuate in lateral view with the two sides connivent; all tepals with tufts of glochidiate, barbellate hairs. Stamens 5, all with anthers, pseudostaminodes broad and quadrate or shorter, entire to dentate. Style as wide as or wider than long. Fruit roundish, c. 2 mm, rounded to retuse at the tip.
Alysicarpus
ALYSICARPUS Desv. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Some 30 species in the Old World tropics.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves 1-foliolate or rarely pinnately 3-foliolate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, falsely racemose or rarely paniculate; bracts scarious. Calyx scarious, the 2 upper calyx-lobes connate and the calyx appears 4-lobed. Anthers uniform. Pods linear-oblong, mostly several-jointed; articles indehiscent.
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus (Mattei) Verdc. subsp. macalusoi [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S2, 3
None
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus var. glumaceus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
C1; S1 widespread in tropical Africa
None
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus (Vahl.) DC. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Erect to decumbent annual, 0.15–1.5 m tall, often somewhat woody at the base; stems pubescent to pilose. Leaflets oblong to linear, 1–12.5 x 0.2–1.6 cm, slightly reticulate on both sides, puberulous and with longer hairs beneath; margins ciliate. Racemes terminal and leaf-opposed, usually elongate and ± lax. Calyx 5–7 mm long, much longer than the first article of the pod, ciliate with white hairs or glabrous; lobes lanceolate, not or slightly overlapping. Standard 5–6 mm long, pink to red. Pod up to 1.5 cm long, much constricted between the 4–7 articles; articles 1.5–2 x 2–3 mm, with strong close transverse ridges, puberulous.
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus Verdc. var. intermedius [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
C1; S1–3 East Africa
None
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus (Fiori) J. Léon. subsp. hispidocarpus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S1, 3 in Kenya also var. patulopedicellatus J. Léon.
None
ALYSICARPUS glumaceus subsp. glumaceus [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
None
ALYSICARPUS monilifer (L.) DC. [family LEGUMINOSAE-PAPILIONOIDEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. Thulin (Acacia by M. Thulin, A. S. Hassan & B. T. Styles) [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
C1; S3
Slender diffuse annual; stem pubescent. Leaflet cordate-ovate, oblong or, in upper leaves, lanceolate, 1.5–6 x 0.5–2 cm, both sides prominently veined and puberulous, also some longer hairs beneath; margins ciliate. Racemes axillary and terminal, very lax. Calyx c. 4 mm long with linear lobes usually shorter than the first article of the pod. Corolla about as long as or slightly exceeding calyx. Pod up to 2 cm long, with deep constrictions between the 3–4(–6) oblong articles, slightly wrinkled, pubescent.
Amaranthus
AMARANTHUS L. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
About 60 species, chiefly in the tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, occurring as casual weeds in cooler temperate regions.
Annual or more rarely perennial herbs, glabrous or furnished with short and gland-like or multicellular hairs. Leaves alternate, long-petiolate, entire or sinuate. Inflorescence basically cymose, bracteate, formed of dense to lax axillary clusters or the upper clusters leafless and ± approximate to form a dense or lax “spike” or panicle. Flowers dioecious (not in Somalia) or monoecious. Tepals (2–)3–5, free or almost so, those of the female flowers somewhat accrescent in fruit. Stamens usually isomerous with the tepals, free. Ovary 1-ovulate. Stigmas 2–3. Fruit a dry, indehiscent, irregularly rupturing or circumscissile capsule. Seed usually compressed, black and shining.
AMARANTHUS dubius Mart. ex Thell. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S1, 2 of tropical American origin, now widespread in the tropics of both Old and New Worlds.
Erect annual, mostly up to 90(–150) cm, similar in habit to A. spinosus and with similar leaf-size and shape, but often less coarse. Paired axillary spines absent. Lower flower clusters axillary, female, 4–10 mm in diam.; upper clusters leafless, forming simple or (the terminal at least) branched spikes 3–15(–25) cm long and 6–8(–10) cm wide, the spikes male for up to c. the apical 1 cm. Tepals of female flowers (4–)5, 1.5–2.75 mm, oblong or spathulate-oblong, obtuse or sometimes (especially towards the male flowers) acute, mucronulate, usually with a greenish dorsal vitta above. Stigmas 3. Capsule ovoid-urceolate, c. 1.5–1.75 mm, with a short inflated beak below the style-base, circumscissile, the lid strongly rugulose. Seeds faintly reticulate, lenticular.
AMARANTHUS graecizans (Vill.) Brenan subsp. silvestris [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
N1, 3; C2; S2 warmer parts of Europe to the cooler regions of SW Asia and NW India, also in most parts of Africa.
None
AMARANTHUS graecizans L. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Erect, decumbent or prostrate annual, mostly up to 45 (rarely 70) cm, branched from the base and usually above. Stem slender to stout, glabrous or thinly to moderately furnished with short to long, often crisped multicellular hairs. Leaves long-petiolate, the petiole sometimes longer than the 4–55 x 2–30 mm, broadly or rhomboid-ovate to narrowly linear-lanceolate blade, glabrous or somtimes with sparse short gland-like hairs on the lower surface, acute to obtuse or obscurely retuse. Flowers entirely in axillary clusters, male and female flowers intermixed. Tepals of female flowers 3, 1.5–2 mm, lanceolate-oblong to linear-oblong, gradually to abruptly narrowed to the mucro. Stigmas 3. Capsule subglobose to shortly ovoid, 2–2.5 mm, usually strongly wrinkled throughout with a very short, smooth beak, longer than the perianth, circumscissile or sometimes not, even on the same plant. Seeds lenticular, faintly reticulate.
AMARANTHUS graecizans subsp. graecizans [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
C2; S1–3 warmer parts of Europe through tropical and subtropical Asia to India, also scattered throughout most of Africa.
None
AMARANTHUS hybridus L. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Erect or occasionally ascending annual, up to 3 m in some cultivated forms but much less in the wild, not infrequently ± reddish-tinted in part or throughout. Stems stout, simple to much-branched, glabrous or increasingly furnished upwards with long multicellular hairs. Petioles up to 15 cm long but scarcely longer than the 3–19(–30) x 1.5–8(–12) cm, broadly lanceolate to rhomboid or ovate blade, obtuse to subacute, glabrous or thinly pilose on the lower surface of the margins and primary venation. Flowers in axillary and terminal “spikes” of cymose clusters which become increasingly congested above, the terminal inflorescence of a single spike or a broad, much-branched panicle up to c. 45 x 25 cm with the terminal spike often somewhat nodding, male and female flowers intermixed. Tepals of female flowers 5, 1.5–3.5 mm, lanceolate-oblong, acute-aristate to blunt and mucronulate. Stigmas (2–)3. Capsule subglobose to ovoid-urceolate, 2–3 mm with a small and smooth to inflated or wrinkled beak, circumscissile. Seeds faintly reticulate, lenticular.
AMARANTHUS hybridus (L.) Thell. subsp. cruentus [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S3 probably of Central American origin, now widespread in the tropics and subtropics.
Style-bases and upper part of the ovary not swollen, giving a narrow, firm beak; inner perianth segments of female flowers commonly obtuse; longer bracteoles of the female flowers mostly 1–1.5 times as long as the perianth.
Amaranthus sparganiocephalus
AMARANTHUS sparganiocephalus Thell. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
C2; S1, 2
Erect or decumbent annual, 7–60 cm. Stems usually rather stout, simple or branched below the middle, glabrous throughout or with rather long multicellular hairs about the inflorescence. Leaves long-petiolate with the petioles sometimes longer than the 1.2–4 x 0.6–3 cm, broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic blade, obtuse to broadly retuse, glabrous or with short hairs on the nerves of the lower surface towards the base. Flower clusters of compact, spherical, sessile axillary clusters to 1 cm in diam., male and female flowers intermixed. Tepals 3, 1–1.25 mm, the female oblong and obtuse, with a green central vitta ceasing below the apex. Stigmas 2, short and rigid. Fruiting heads rigidly stellate with the divergent capsules. Capsule 2.75–3.25 mm, circumscissile, the base conical and longitudinally sulcate, the lid subconical and sulcate below, junction of base and lid ± cristate-crenulate. Seeds ellipsoid, faintly reticulate.
AMARANTHUS thunbergii Moq. [family AMARANTHACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by C. C. Townsend [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
N1 throughout much of E and C tropical Africa S to Namibia and South Africa, introduced into Australia and hence to Europe as a casual alien.
Erect or ascending annual, 15–55(–100) cm. Stem slender to stout, simple or branched from the base upwards, glabrous or thinly hairy below, increasingly furnished above with long, multicellular, rather floccose hairs. Leaves long-petiolate, the petioles sometimes longer than the (5–)15–45(–60) x (4–)10–30(–40) mm, narrowly or broadly elliptic to rhomboid or spathulate, sometimes purple-blotched blade, obtuse to retuse, glabrous or thinly pilose on the main nerves of the lower surface. Flower clusters all axillary, 6–15 mm in diam., increasingly distant below, male and female flowers intermixed. Tepals 3, male and female ± similar, lanceolate to oblong or rarely narrowly spathulate, 3–6 mm, gradually or more abruptly narrowed to a long colourless awn. Stigmas 3. Capsule pyriform, c. 2.5–3.5 mm, with a short beak, circumscissile, obscurely wrinkled. Seeds faintly reticulate, lenticular or slightly longer than wide.
Ammannia
AMMANNIA L. [family LYTHRACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
About 20 species of wet habitats throughout the tropics and subtropics.
Annual herbs, glabrous except for calyx; stems 4-sided. Flowers in axillary cymes, rarely solitary, sometimes congested; bracteoles minute, membranous. Flowers 4(–8)-merous, never heterostylous. Hypanthium campanulate or urn-shaped. Sepals short, sinus-horns minute or absent. Petals absent or 4–8, small. Stamens 1–2 times as many as sepals, rarely fewer. Ovary incompletely 2–4(–5)-celled, rarely 1-celled, style not continuous with placenta. Capsule included within or exserted from hypanthium, membranous, often ± transparent-walled, dehiscing irregularly transversely. Seeds very small, numerous.
AMMANNIA auriculata Willd. [family LYTHRACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S1–3 widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia, Australia and America.
Annual herb to 65 cm high; stems slightly woody towards base, narrowly winged when young, sometimes scabrid. Leaves linear-oblong to oblanceolate, 15–80 x 3–14 mm, prominently auriculate-cordate at the base, subacute at the tip, glabrous or almost so. Cymes (2–)3–15-flowered; peduncle 1.5–10 mm long. Hypanthium suburceolate, 2–2.5 mm long including triangular sepals, often minutely puberulent/papillate, sinus-horns prominent in bud. Petals obovate, pink. Stamens 4–8. Style (0.5–)1.5–3 mm long. Capsule globose, 1.8–2.5(–3.5) mm in diam., not or only slightly exserted from hypanthium, very fragile, translucent reddish-brown. Seeds c. 0.4 mm long, yellowish brown.
AMMANNIA baccifera L. [family LYTHRACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
N1; C2; S3 tropical Africa, Asia, Australia.
Annual herb to 80 cm high, glabrous throughout. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, (7–)30–120 x (1.5–)5–22 mm, attenuate-cuneate at the base, acute to subobtuse at the tip. Cymes usually many-flowered; peduncles 1(–2) mm long. Hypanthium campanulate, 1–1.2 mm long including shortly triangular sepals, sinuse-horns absent or minute. Petals absent (?always). Stamens 4. Style 0.1–0.3 mm long. Capsule globose, 1–2 mm in diam., slightly fleshy, exserted by a quarter to a half from hypanthium. Seeds as in A. auriculata.
AMMANNIA urceolata Hiern [family LYTHRACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 1, (1993) Author: by M. G. Gilbert & M. Thulin [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
S3
Annual herb to 30 cm high; stems shortly hispid. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, 12–60 x 1.2–9 mm, attenuate at the base, acute to subacute at the apex. Cymes dense, sessile, 1–7-flowered. Hypanthium urceolate, constricted at the apex, c. 1.5 mm long, densely papillate-pubescent; sepals ovate-triangular, 0.7–0.8 mm long, sinus-horns minute. Petals absent: Stamens 4(–5). Style 0.2–0.3 mm long. Capsule subglobose to ellipsoid, 2–3 mm long, c. 2 mm wide, enclosed in the hypanthium. Seeds c. 0.35 mm long.
Ammocharis
AMMOCHARIS Herb. [family AMARYLLIDACEAE]
Flora Somalia, Vol 4, (1995) Author: by I. Nordal [updated by M. Thulin 2008]
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Reference Sources
Three species, all African, one widespread from Botswana north to Sudan and Ethiopia, one from Angola to Kenya and one restricted to South Africa.
Bulbous plants with leaves in two opposite fans (biflabellate). Leaves falcate to strap-shaped, without intact apices and midrib. Scape with a many-flowered inflorescence, subtended by two free bracts. Flowers pedicellate, regular, salver-shaped, with a long narrow tube and linear spreading and reflexed segments. Filaments filiform. Ovary with many ovules. Capsule fleshy, opening irregularly. Seeds fleshy, subglobose, pale green.
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