Flora of North America
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Abies
Abies [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees evergreen, crown usually spirelike to conic, sometimes flat to round topped in age. Bark initially thin, smooth, bearing resin blisters, in age furrowed and/or flaking in plates. Branches whorled, irregular internodal branches occasionally produced by epicormic sprouting (growing from a dormant bud); short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars prominent, ± circular to broadly elliptic, flush with twig surface, slightly depressed, or slightly raised evenly all around. Buds ovate or oblong, resinous or not, apex rounded or pointed. Leaves borne singly, persisting 5 or more years, spirally arranged but often proximally twisted so as to appear either 1-ranked (pointing up like toothbrush bristles) or 2-ranked, sessile, typically constricted and often twisted above the somewhat broadened base, sheath absent; leaves on vegetative branches flattened, frequently grooved adaxially, usually notched to rounded at apex; leaves on fertile branches sometimes appearing 4-sided, upright, sharp-pointed to rounded at apex; resin canals 2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, ovate or oblong-cylindric, leaving gall-like protuberances after falling, yellow to red, green, blue, or purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, erect, ovoid to oblong-cylindric or cylindric, not falling whole but scale by scale, cone axis persisting as an erect "spike" on branch; scales shed individually, fan-shaped, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included to exserted. Seeds winged, the wing-seed juncture bearing resin sac; cotyledons 4--10. x =12.
Abies amabilis
Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 75m; trunk to 2.6m diam.; crown spirelike, with age becoming flat topped, cylindric. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age breaking into scaly plates. Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, short, stiff; twigs mostly opposite, darker brown abaxially, light brown adaxially, pubescence tan. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, brown, globose, small, resinous (at least apically), apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, triangular, densely pubescent, usually not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves (0.7--)1--2.5cm ´ 1--3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, ± concealing the adaxial surface of the twigs (especially in mid to upper crown), some leaves forwardly directed, others usually longer and spreading horizontally, proximal portion ± straight; cross section flat, prominently grooved adaxially; odor pungent; abaxial surface with 5--6 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface dark, lustrous green, lacking stomates; apex prominently notched; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination red, becoming reddish yellow. Seed cones cylindric, 8--10(--13) ´ 3.5--5cm, purple, sessile, apex round to nipple-shaped; scales ca. 2 ´ 2cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 10--12 ´ 4mm, body tan; wing about as long as body, rose to tan; cotyledons 4--7.
Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 23m; trunk to 0.6m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, in age often becoming broken into irregular brownish scales. Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, the lower often spreading and drooping; twigs mostly opposite, greenish brown, pubescence sparse. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, brown, conic, small, resinous, apex acute; basal scales short, broad, nearly equilaterally triangular, glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.2--2.5cm ´ 1.5--2mm, 1-ranked (particularly on lower branches) to spiraled, flexible; cross section flat, grooved adaxially; odor pinelike (copious ß-pinene); abaxial surface with (4--)6--7(--8) stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface dark green, slightly or not glaucous, with 0--3 stomatal rows at midleaf, these more numerous toward leaf apex; apex slightly notched to rounded; resin canals large, ± median, away from margins, midway between abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers. Pollen cones at pollination red, purplish, bluish, greenish, or orange. Seed cones cylindric, 4--7 ´ 1.5--3cm, gray-purple, turning brown before scale shed, sessile, apex round to obtuse; scales ca. 1--l.5 ´ 0.7--1.7cm (relationship reversed in more western collections), pubescent; bracts included or exserted and reflexed over scales. Seeds 3--6 ´ 2--3mm, body brown; wing about twice as long as body, brown-purple; cotyledons ca. 4. 2 n =24.
Abies bifolia
Abies bifolia A. Murray bis [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 30m; trunk to 0.45m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age somewhat furrowed and scaly (toward southern end of range bark is corky [corkbark fir]). Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, stout, stiff; twigs opposite to whorled, grayish, pubescence sparse, light brown; fresh leaf scars with light brown periderm. Buds exposed, brown, globose, small, resinous, apex rounded; basal scales long, narrow, isosceles triangular to spatulate, glabrous, resinous or not resinous, margins entire to rarely crenate, apex sharp-pointed or rounded. Leaves 1.1--2.5cm × 1.25--1.5mm, spiraled and turned upward, flexible; cross section flat, grooved adaxially, sometimes only slightly so; odor camphorlike; abaxial surface with 3--5 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface light green to bluish green, usually glaucous, with 3--6 stomatal rows at midleaf, rows usually continuous to leaf base, usually more numerous toward leaf apex; apex slightly notched to rounded; resin canals large, ± median, away from margins and midway between abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers. Pollen cones at pollination purplish. Seed cones cylindric, 5--10 ´ 3--3.5cm, dark purple-blue to grayish purple, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 1.5 ´ 2.5cm, densely pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 5--7 ´ 2--3mm, body brown; wing about 1.5 times as long as body, grayish brown; cotyledons 3--6.
Abies bracteata
Abies bracteata (D. Don) Poiteau [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 25 m; trunk to 1 m diam.; crown spirelike, narrow. Bark red-brown, thin, smooth, with age slightly fissured and broken into appressed scales. Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, the lower often drooping in age; twigs becoming purplish green or brown, glabrous, glaucous when young. Buds exposed, brown, ovate to fusiform, extremely large, not resinous, apex pointed; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, glabrous, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2.5--6cm ´ 3mm, 2-ranked to spiraled, stiff; cross section flat, with raised vein abaxially, grooveless to faintly grooved adaxially; odor pungent; abaxial surface with 8--10 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface dark green, lacking stomates; apex sharply pointed; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination yellow to yellow-green. Seed cones ovoid, 7--10 ´ 4--5cm, pale purplish brown, borne on stout peduncles, apex round; scales ca. 1.5--2 ´ 2--2.5cm, glabrous; bracts exserted, not reflexed. Seeds 10 ´ 5mm, body deep red-brown; wing about as long as body, deep red-brown; cotyledons ca. 7.
Abies concolor (Gordon & Glendinning) Hildebrand [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 40m; trunk to 0.9m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age thickening (to 18cm) and breaking into deep longitudinal furrows, often revealing yellowish inner periderm, appearing "corky." Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, the lower often spreading and drooping in age; twigs mostly opposite, glabrous or with yellowish pubescence. Buds exposed, either yellowish and nearly conic (when large) or brownish and nearly globose (when small), resinous, apex rounded to pointed; basal scales equilaterally triangular, glabrous, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.5--6cm ´ 2--3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, proximal portion ±straight; cross section flat, sometimes slightly grooved adaxially; odor pungent, frequently camphorlike; abaxial surface glaucous, with 4--7 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface grayish green, glaucous, with (7--)12(--18) stomatal rows at midleaf, these usually fewer toward leaf apex; apex usually rounded, sometimes acute or notched; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination ± red, purple, or ± green. Seed cones cylindric, 7--12 ´ 3--4.5cm, olive-green, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 2.5--3 ´ 3--3.5cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 8--12 × 3mm, body tan; wing about twice as long as body, tan with rosy tinge; cotyledons 5--7. 2 n =24.
Abies fraseri
Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 25m; trunk to 0.75m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age developing appressed reddish scales at trunk base. Branches diverging from trunk at right angles; twigs opposite, pale yellow-brown, pubescence reddish. Buds exposed, light brown, conic, small, resinous, apex acute; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.2--2.5cm × 1.5--2mm, 2-ranked, particularly in lower parts of tree, to spiraled, flexible; cross section flat, grooved adaxially; odor turpentinelike, strong; abaxial surface with (8--)10(--12) stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface dark lustrous green, sometimes slightly glaucous, with 0--3 stomatal rows at midleaf, these more numerous toward leaf apex; apex slightly notched to rounded; resin canals large, ± median, away from margins and midway between abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers. Pollen cones at pollination reddish yellow or yellowish green. Seed cones cylindric, 3.5--6 ´ 2.5--4cm, dark purple overlaid with yellowish green bracts, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 0.7--1 ´ 1--1.3cm, pubescent; bracts exserted and reflexed over cone scales. Seeds 4--5 ´ 2--3mm, body brown; wing about as long as body, purple; cotyledons ca. 5. 2 n =24.
Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don in Lambert) Lindley [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 75m; trunk to 1.55m diam.; crown conic, in age round topped or straggly. Bark gray, thin to thick, with age becoming brown, often with reddish periderm visible in furrows bounded by hard flat ridges. Branches spreading, drooping; twigs mostly opposite, light brown, pubescent. Buds exposed, purple, green, or brown, globose, small to moderately large, resinous, apex round; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, slightly pubescent or glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex pointed or slightly rounded. Leaves (1--)2--6cm ´ l.5--2.5mm, 2-ranked, flexible, with leaves at center of branch segment longer than those near ends, or with distinct long and short leaves intermixed, proximal portion ± straight, leaves higher in tree spiraled and 1-ranked; cross section flat, grooved adaxially; odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike; abaxial surface with 5--7 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface light to dark lustrous green, lacking stomates or with a few stomates toward leaf apex; apex distinctly notched (rarely rounded); resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination bluish red, purple, orange, yellow, or ± green. Seed cones cylindric, (5--)6--7(--12) ´ 3--3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2--2.5 ´ 2--2.5cm, densely pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 6--8 ´ 3--4mm, body tan; wing about 1.5 times as long as body, tan with rosy tinge; cotyledons (4--)5--6(--7). 2 n =24.
Abies lasiocarpa (Hooker) Nuttall [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 20m; trunk to 0.8m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, furrowed in age. Branches stiff, straight; twigs opposite to whorled, greenish gray to light brown, bark splitting as early as 2 years to reveal red-brown layer, somewhat pubescent; fresh leaf scars with red periderm. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, tan to dark brown, nearly globose, small, resinous, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, glabrous or with a few trichomes at base, not resinous, margins crenate to dentate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.8--3.1cm ´ 1.5--2mm, spiraled, turned upward, flexible; cross section flat, prominently grooved adaxially; odor sharp (ß-phellandrene); abaxial surface with 4--5 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface bluish green, very glaucous, with 4--6 stomatal rows at midleaf, rows usually continuous to leaf base; apex prominently or weakly notched to rounded; resin canals large, ± median, away from margins and midway between abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers. Pollen cones at pollination ± purple to purplish green. Seed cones cylindric, 6--12 ´ 2--4cm, dark purple, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 1.5 ´ 1.7cm, densely pubescent; bracts included (specimens with exserted, reflexed bracts are insect infested). Seeds 6 ´ 2mm, body brown; wing about 1.5 times as long as body, light brown; cotyledon number 4--5. 2 n =24.
Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray bis [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 60m; trunk to 1.9m diam.; crown somewhat spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age thickening and breaking into deep longitudinal furrows ("corky"), which may reveal inner yellow-caramel periderm. Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, or slightly drooping; twigs mostly opposite, yellow-green, pubescent or glabrous. Buds exposed, tan, globose, resinous, moderately large, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, sparsely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2--6cm ´ 2--3mm, mostly 2-ranked, flexible, proximal portion ± straight; cross section flat, grooved adaxially; odor pungent, pinelike; abaxial surface glaucous or not, with 5--8 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface light green, not glaucous, with ca. (5--)7(--9) stomatal rows at midleaf, these fewer toward leaf apex; apex weakly notched; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Seed cones cylindric, 8--9 ´ 4--4.5cm, olive-green, turning to yellowish brown, then darker brown, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 2.5--3 ´ 2.8--3.8cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 8--12 ´ 3mm, body dull brown; wing about twice as long as body, brown with rosy tinge; cotyledons 5--9.
Abies magnifica A. Murray bis [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 57m; trunk to 2.5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark grayish, thin, with age thickening and becoming deeply furrowed with ridges being often 4 times wider than furrows, plates reddish. Branches ascending in upper crown, descending in lower crown; twigs opposite to whorled, light yellow to ± tan, reddish pubescent for 1--2 years. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, densely pubescent, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2--3.7cm ´ 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2--3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent; cross section flat, with or without weak groove adaxially toward leaf base, or cross section 3--4-sided on fertile branches; odor camphorlike; abaxial surface with 2 glaucous bands, each band with 4--5 stomatal rows; adaxial surface blue-green to silvery blue, with single glaucous band that may divide into 2 toward leaf base, band with (8--)10(--13) stomatal rows at midleaf; apex rounded or, on fertile branches, somewhat pointed; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination ± purple or reddish brown. Seed cones oblong-cylindric, 15--20 ´ 7--10cm, purple at first but becoming yellowish brown or greenish brown, sessile, apex round; scales ca. 3 ´ 4cm, pubescent; bracts included to exserted and reflexed (Shasta red fir) over scales. Seeds 15 ´ 6mm, body dark reddish brown; wing about as long as body, rose; cotyledons 7--8. 2 n =24.
Abies procera Rehder [family PINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 2,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Trees to 80m; trunk to 2.2m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark grayish brown, in age becoming thick and deeply furrowed (furrows and ridges about same width) and reddish brown (especially reddish when plates flake off). Branches diverging from trunk at right angles, stiff; twigs reddish brown, finely pubescent for several years. Buds hidden by leaves, tan, ovoid, small, not resinous, apex rounded; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, pubescent centrally, not resinous, margins entire to crenate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1--3(--3.5)cm ´ 1.5--2mm, 1-ranked, flexible, proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2--3mm (best seen on abaxial surface of twig), distal portion divergent; cross section flat, with prominent raised midrib abaxially, with or without groove adaxially, or cross section 4-sided on fertile branches; odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike; abaxial surface with 2--4 glaucous bands, each band with (4--)6--7 stomatal rows; adaxial surface bluish green, with 0--2 glaucous bands, each band with 0--7 stomatal rows at midleaf; apex rounded to notched; leaves on fertile branches 4-sided with 4 bands of stomates below; resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination ± purple, ± red, or reddish brown. Seed cones oblong-cylindric, 10--15 ´ 5--6.5cm, green, red, or purple, overlaid with green bracts, at maturity brown (bracts light-colored and scales dark), sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2.5 ´ 3cm, pubescent; bracts exserted and reflexed over scales. Seeds 12 ´ 6mm, body reddish brown; wing slightly longer than body, light brown to straw; cotyledons (4--)5--6(--7). 2 n =24.
Abildgaardiaabildgaardia
Abildgaardiaabildgaardia [family ]
Flora of North America, Vol 23,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous or not. Culms round. Leaves basal, polystichous; sheaths distally open, loose, ribbed; ligules absent; blades mostly filiform, compressed or lunate to semicircular in cross section, margins strongly involute. Inflorescences terminal, pseudoumbellate or capitate or solitary spikelet; spikelets 1–5; involucral bract 1, spreading to erect, scalelike or linear. Spikelets terminal, straw colored, ovoid to lance-ovoid, somewhat compressed laterally, whole spikelet flat or with torque; scales 10–30, all distichously arranged, each subtending flower on short pedicel-joint, proximal 1–2 empty. Flowers bisexual, protandrous; perianth absent; stamens 2–3; styles linear, base enlarged, 3-fid, deciduous in fruit. Achenes trigonous.
Abronia
Abronia [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Herbs, annual or perennial, sometimes cespitose or appearing acaulescent, usually viscid-pubescent, from slender to stout taproot (extensively rhizomatous in Abronia bolackii). Stems prostrate to erect, unarmed, without glutinous bands on internodes. Leaves usually basal and cauline (all basal in A. bigelovii and A. nana), unequal in each pair, petiolate; blade ± thick and succulent, base usually asymmetric. Inflorescences axillary (appearing scapose in A. bigelovii and A. nana), pedunculate, capitate clusters, with peripheral flowers usually opening first; receptacle slightly rounded to conic, without pedicel-like projections; bracts persistent, not accrescent, 5–10, distinct, forming involucre, lanceolate to broadly ovate, thinly papery or scarious, translucent, occasionally thin and green. Flowers bisexual, chasmogamous; perianth radially symmetric, funnelform or salverform, constricted distal to ovary, abruptly expanded to 5-lobed limb; stamens 5–9, included; styles included; stigmas linear. Fruits winged or not, usually fusiform or turbinate, in profile rhombic, cordate, or obdeltate, coriaceous, glabrate to viscid puberulent; wings 2–5, opaque, subtly veined, not or only slightly extending beyond apex or base of body, distal margins sometimes dilated and flattened, broader than lamina, interior hollow, forming cavity, or filled with spongy tissue; sulci smooth or slightly rugose.
Abronia alpina Brandegee [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems prostrate, well branched, forming small mats, elongate, viscid-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1–2 cm; blade orbiculate-oval, 0.4–1 × 0.3–0.5 cm, margins entire, plane, surfaces glandular-pubescent. Inflorescences: peduncle shorter than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 2–3 × 1–2 mm, papery, glandular-pubescent; flowers 1–5. Perianth: tube whitish, 10–18 mm, limb white to lavender-pink, 6–8 mm diam. Fruits narrowly obovate in profile, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, thin, coriaceous, apex broadly conic; wings absent or 5-angled.
Abronia ameliae Lundell [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems procumbent to semierect, slightly to moderately branched, elongate, often reddish at nodes, viscid. Leaves: petiole 1–9 cm; blade deltate-ovate to elliptic, 2–8 × 2–6.5 cm, margins repand to sinuate, frequently undulate, adaxial surface glandular-puberulent, abaxial surface glandular-pubescent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate to elliptic, 5–16 × 2–10 mm, papery, glandular-pubescent; flowers 20–75. Perianth: tube magenta, 12–25 mm, limb bright magenta, 8–10 mm diam. Fruits narrowly turbinate, 6–9 × 3–4.5 mm, ± 2 times as long as wide, scarious, base attenuate, rounded or truncate at apex, with a broadly conic beak; wings 5, finely reticulate, thin walled, narrow, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia ammophila
Abronia ammophila Greene [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems prostrate, much branched, forming loose mats, elongate, densely glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 2–4.5 cm; blade elliptic-oblong to rhombic-ovate, 1–2.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm, margins entire to repand and ± undulate, surfaces glandular-puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate to elliptic, 3–5 × 1–3 mm, papery, puberulent to glandular-pubescent; flowers 15–35. Perianth: tube greenish, 7–12 mm, limb greenish white, 4–6 mm diam. Fruits biturbinate, tapered at both ends, ± rhombic or fusiform in profile, 4–6 × 2.5–4.5 mm, indurate; wings reduced, appearing as 5 prominent lobes near middle of fruit; peripheral fruits not or only slightly distorted.
Abronia angustifolia Greene [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants annual (perennial). Stems decumbent to ascending, much branched, elongate, often reddish, glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 1–7 cm; blade ovate-oblong to elliptic, 1–5.5 × 0.7–3 cm, margins entire to sinuate, often ± undulate, infrequently shallowly lobed, surfaces viscid-pubescent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5–10 × 1–3 mm, papery, glandular-pubescent; flowers 10–30. Perianth: tube pink, 10–20 mm, limb bright magenta to pale pink, infrequently pale rose, 6–8 mm diam. Fruits broadly obdeltate in profile, 5–10 × 4–8 mm, scarious, apex narrowly tapered to a prominent beak; wings 5, extending to or slightly beyond base of beak, truncate, with conspicuous dilations, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia argillosa S. L. Welsh & Goodrich [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems arising from branched caudices, ascending to erect, few branched, elongate, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm; blade elliptic to obovate, 1.5–3.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, margins entire to ± repand and undulate, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate to orbiculate, 7–15 × 6–15 mm, scarious, glandular-puberulent; flowers 15–20. Perianth: tube white to greenish, 10–15 mm, limb white, 5–7 mm diam. Fruits narrowly fusiform, 7–10 × 3–4 mm, scarious; wings absent.
Abronia bigelovii Heimerl [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial, acaulescent or rarely with short branched aerial caudices, cespitose. Leaves: petiole 1–3.5 cm; blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.3–0.4 cm, 5 or more times as long as wide, margins entire, plane, surfaces glabrous or puberulent. Inflorescences: bracts broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, 7–11 × 2–8 mm, thinly papery, glabrate to minutely glandular-puberulent; flowers 12–25. Perianth: tube greenish pink, 3–8 mm, limb pale pink, 3–4 mm diam. Fruits winged, ± obdeltate in profile, 6–9 × 5–8 mm, scarious, apex slightly beaked; wings 5, thin walled, apex tapered to broadly obtuse, without dilations, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia bolackii N. D. Atwood, S. L. Welsh & K. D. Heil [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial, short caulescent or nearly acaulescent. Stems decumbent to erect, minutely and sparsely glandular-pubescent or ± glabrate, arising from cordlike rhizomes. Leaves: petiole 1–4 cm; blade elliptic-oblong to ovate, 1–4 × 0.5–2 cm, margins entire to shallowly sinuate, often ± undulate, surfaces minutely puberulent or glabrous (especially in age). Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts broadly lanceolate, ovate, obovate, or almost round, 5–10 × 3–10 mm, scarious, apex acute, obutse, or rounded, glandular-puberulent; flowers 15–25. Perianth: tube greenish, 7–11 mm, limb white, 3 mm diam. Fruits broadly turbinate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, scarious, apex truncate and slightly beaked; wings (3–)5, dilated distally and ± flattened perpendicular to plane of lamina, dilations ± as long as wide, thin walled, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia carletonii
Abronia carletonii J. M. Coulter & Fisher [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems ascending, infrequently procumbent, un-branched to few branched, elongate, often whitish, viscid-puberulent to glandular-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1–4.5 cm; blade lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 2.5–5 × 0.5–3 cm, margins entire to ± repand and undulate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate, 4–8 × 2–5 mm, papery, apex acute to acuminate, glandular-pubescent, sometimes villous basally; flowers 15–30. Perianth: tube greenish, 8–16 mm, limb pale pink to light magenta, 5–7 mm diam. Fruits turbinate, 4–17 × 3–5 mm, scarious, apex broadly obtuse and beaked; wings 5, thin walled, truncate and conspicuously dilated distally, dilations as wide as long and flattened perpendicular to plane of lamina, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia elliptica A. Nelson [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial, sometimes nearly acaulescent. Stems decumbent to erect, elongate, glandular-pubescent, infrequently glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1–4 cm; blade ovate elliptic-oblong to ovate, 1.5–6 × 0.5–3.5 cm, margins entire to sinuate, often undulate, adaxial surface glabrous or puberulent, abaxial surface thinly puberulent to pubescent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate to obovate, 5–20 × 3–10 mm, scarious, apex obtuse to acute, glandular-pubescent to villous; flowers 25–75. Perianth: tube rose to greenish, 10–20 mm, limb white, 5–8 mm diam. Fruits broadly turbinate, apex truncate or rounded and slightly beaked, or fruit ± rhombic in profile, 5–12 × 4–8.5 mm, scarious, tapered at both ends; wings (2–)5 (often 2 on periphery of inflorescence and folded together), dilated distally and flattened perpendicular to plane of lamina, dilations longer than wide, thin walled, cavities extending throughout.
Abronia frag
Abronia frag rans Nuttall ex Hooker [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems procumbent to semierect, slightly to moderately branched, elongate, sometimes reddish at base and nodes, glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 0.5–8 cm; blade ovate to triangular or lanceolate, 3–12 × 1–8 cm, margins entire to subsinuate and slightly undulate, adaxial surface glandular-pubescent, abaxial surface more densely and longer pubescent, or sometimes villous. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts linear-lanceolate to oval-ovate, 7–25 × 2–12 mm, scarious, glandular-puberulent to short villous; flowers 30–80. Perianth: tube greenish to reddish purple, 10–25 mm, limb white, (2–)6–10 mm diam. Fruits winged or not, fusiform and appearing deeply grooved when wingless, when wings not distorted, fruit ± cordate in profile, tapered at base, with prominent beak in broad notch at apex, 5–12 × 2.5–7 mm, indurate, rugose veined or, if wings distorted, fruit ± rhombic in profile and tapered at both ends, or obdeltate and truncate at apex, with prominent beak; wings 4–5, thick, narrow, not dilated at apex, cavities extending throughout; peripheral fruits often distorted, S-shaped in lateral view.
Abronia latifolia Eschscholtz [family NYCTAGINACEAE]
Flora of North America, Vol 4,
Flora of North America (FNA)
Reference Sources
Plants perennial. Stems prostrate, often buried in sand, usually much branched, forming large mats, succulent, densely glandular-pubescent to glabrous. Leaves: 1–6 cm; blade deltate-ovate to reniform, 2.2–4.8 × 2.7–5.2 cm, margins usually entire, sometimes slightly repand and undulate, surfaces glabrous or viscid-puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate, 5–9 × 3–5 mm, thin, yellowish green, glandular-pubescent; flowers 17–35. Perianth: tube yellowish green, 6.5–18 mm, limb yellow, 8–13 mm diam., lobes slightly to moderately reflexed. Fruits winged, ± rhombic in profile, attenuate at both ends, 8–15 × 6–14 mm, scarious; wings 4–5, thin walled, small, cavities extending into wing.
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