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Information Plants (0.5–)1–6 × 0.5–4 dm. Leaf blades 1–7 × 0.5–2 cm. Inflores-cences 1–5 dm; bracts 1–4(–10) × 0.5–3 mm, awns 0.2–1.5 mm. Peduncles (0.3–)1–5(–7.5) cm. Involucres 1.5–2 mm, awns ivory or reddish, 2–5 mm. Flowers: perianth 2–2.5 mm; filaments 2–2.5 mm; anthers 0.3–0.6 mm. Achenes 1.7–2 mm.

Information Plants erect, 1–6 dm. Stems usually stout, (1–)5–15 cm. Leaf blades 1–7 cm. Inflorescences: bracts (2–)3, triangular, awns 0.2–0.5 mm. Peduncles (1–)2–5(–7.5) cm. Involucres: awns (10–)13–30(–36), ivory colored, (3–)4–5 mm. 2n = 40.

Information Herbs, annual; taproot slender. Stems arising directly from the root, erect to somewhat spreading, solid, not fistulose or disarticulating into ringlike segments, glabrous, partially glandular. Leaves usually persistent through anthesis, basal, rosulate; petiole indistinct; blade broadly obovate or spatulate to oblong or oblanceolate, margins ciliate-denticulate. Inflorescences terminal, cymose; branches dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round, glabrous except for glandular nodes and proximal 1/2 of internode; bracts 2–3, connate basally, scalelike, triangular to lanceolate or subulate, awned at proximal nodes, glabrous or sparsely glandular. Peduncles erect to deflexed. Involucres 1 per node, not ribbed, tubular, turbinate; teeth 4(–5) or 7–30(–36), 1/2 to completely connate, awn-tipped, glandular distally adaxially. Flowers 3–10(–20) per involucre at any single time during full anthesis; perianth white to rose, occasionally greenish white to cream, broadly campanulate when open, narrowly urceolate when closed, hirsute to strigose and sparsely glandular abaxially; tepals 6, connate 1/4–1/3 their length, monomorphic, entire or rarely irregularly divided apically; stamens 9; filaments basally adnate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent basally; anthers red to maroon, oblong to oval. Achenes usually included, dark brown to deep maroon, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous. Seeds: embryo curved. x = 20.

Information Plants erect, 0.5–4 dm. Stems slender, 3–8 cm. Leaf blades 1–3.5 cm. Inflorescences: bracts 2(–3), subulate, awns 0.5–1.5 mm. Peduncles 0.5–2(–3.5) cm. In-volucres: awns 7–10, ivory-colored, (3–)4–5 mm.

Information Plants erect or spreading, 0.5–3 dm. Stems slender, (1.5–)2–6 cm. Leaf blades 1–3 cm. Inflores-cences: bracts 2(–3), subulate, awns 0.5–1.5 mm. Peduncles 0.3–1.5(–2) cm. Involucres: awns 4(–5), ivory colored, 2–3 mm.

Information Plants erect or spreading, 1–3 dm. Stems slender, 1–3(–7) cm. Leaf blades 1–3(–5) cm. Inflorescences: bracts (2–)3, triangular, awns 0.5–1.5 mm. Peduncles 0.8–2 cm. Involucres: awns 7–16, dark red, 3–4 mm.

Information Plants erect to spreading, 0.5–2.5 × 0.4–4 dm. Stems glandular throughout. Leaf blades spatulate or obovate to oblanceolate, 0.7–4 × (0.1–)0.5–1.2 cm, strigose adaxially, less so abaxially, sparsely glandular on both surfaces. Inflorescences open to densely branched, 0.5–2 dm; bracts 1–5 × 0.5–3 mm, 3(–5) at first node and linear to ovate, otherwise distinct or basally connate and linear to triangular, ciliate and glandular; awns 1–3 mm. Peduncles deflexed, stout, 0.2–0.5 cm at proximal nodes, sometimes absent. Involucres 1.5–2 mm, typically glabrous, rarely with few scattered hairs abaxially; teeth 4; awns reddish, 2.5–3 mm. Flowers 2–4(–7); perianth white to pink, 1–1.5 mm, strigose and sparsely glandular abaxially; tepals dimorphic, entire, those of outer whorl oval to ovate and strigose abaxially, those of inner elliptic to oval or ovate and glabrous or sometimes pubescent adaxially at base; filaments 1–1.5 mm, glabrous; anthers cream to red, oval, 0.2 mm. Achenes dark brown to maroon, 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 40.

Information Herbs, annual; taproots slender. Stems arising directly from the root, spreading or prostrate, sometimes erect, solid, not fistulose or disarticulating into ringlike segments, glabrous or sparsely glandular. Leaves persistent or quickly deciduous, basal, rosulate; petioles indistinct; blade broadly linear or spatulate to oblanceolate, margins entire, strigose and glandular. Inflorescences terminal, cymose; branches mostly dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round, glabrous or sparsely glandular; bracts (2–)3(–4) at first node, 2–3 at distal nodes, distinct or connate, often positioned to side of node, scalelike, triangular or linear to ovate and 3-lobed, awned, sparsely glandular. Peduncles present or absent, erect to spreading. Involucres 1 per node, not ribbed, tubular, narrowly turbinate to funnelform; teeth 5(–6), awn-tipped. Flowers 2–5(–10) per involucre at any single time during full anthesis; perianth white to rose or greenish yellow to red, funnelform when open, tubular when closed, hirsute and sparsely glandular abaxially; tepals 6, connate 1/4–1/3 their length, monomorphic, 3–5-lobed or laciniate apically; stamens 9; filaments basally adnate, glabrous or minutely papillate basally; anthers red to maroon, ellipsoid or oblong to oval. Achenes usually included, golden- to red-brown, not winged, 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo curved. x = 20.

Information Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, sometimes nearly arborescent (Eriogonum), perennial, biennial, or annual, homophyllous, polycarpic (rarely monocarpic in Eriogonum); taproot solid or, rarely, chambered (Eriogonum), slender to stout. Stems prostrate or decumbent to spreading or erect, sometimes scapose, rarely absent (Eriogonum), without recurved spines, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glandular; nodes not swollen; tendrils absent; caudex stems tightly compact to spreading and at or just below the soil surface or spreading to erect and above the soil surface, woody; aerial flowering stems decumbent to spreading or erect, arising at nodes of caudex branches, at distal nodes of aerial branches, or directly from the root, slender to stout and solid or slightly to distinctly fistulose, rarely disarticulating in ringlike segments (Eriogonum). Leaves deciduous (persistent in some shrubby and matted Eriogonum species), basal or basal and cauline, rarely only cauline, rosulate, alternate, or infrequently opposite (Goodmania) or in whorls of 3 (Gilmania); stipules absent (possibly vestigial in some perennial species of Chorizanthe); petiole present, sometimes indistinct, not articulate or with extrafloral nectaries; blade simple, rarely lobed (Pterostegia), rarely awn-tipped (Goodmania). Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary, cymose and dichotomously or trichotomously branched, or racemose, simple or compound umbellate, or capitate; bracts usually connate proximally, leaflike or scalelike, entire apically, sometimes awn-tipped, glabrous or pubescent. Peduncles absent or erect to deflexed relative to inflorescence branch, sometimes reflexed, straight or curved. Involucral structures tubular (involucre) or consisting of a series of individual bractlike lobes (involucral bracts) arranged in whorls or spirals, rarely absent (Gilmania), awns present or absent; involucre cylindric, prismatic, turbinate, campanulate, urceolate, or funnelform with 3–8(–36) usually erect teeth or 4–12 spreading to reflexed lobes (teeth and lobes are distal portions of proximally connate involucral bracts); involucral bracts in 1–3 whorls, rarely in spirals (Johanneshowellia), free or connate only at base, linear to oblanceolate or ovate. Flowers (1–)2–30(–100) per involucral structure, occasionally with stipelike base distal to articulations (Eriogonum); perianth accrescent in fruit, mostly white to red, yellow, light green, greenish white, maroon, or purple, urceolate to campanulate, occasionally glandular or pustulose abaxially, nearly always minutely glandular along midvein adaxially, glabrous or pubescent; tepals (5–)6, in 2 whorls of 3, connate proximally, typically not forming tube (except Chorizanthe, Lastarriaea, Mucronea, Pterostegia), petaloid or, rarely, coriaceous (Lastarriaea), monomorphic or dimorphic, entire, emarginate, or lobed to laciniate apically, rarely awn-tipped (Lastarriaea) or apiculate (Eriogonum); nectary a disk at base of ovary; stamens 3, 6, or 9 (variously 3–9 in Chorizanthe, Mucronea); staminodes absent; filaments usually distinct, occasionally forming staminal tube (Chorizanthe); pistils 3-carpellate, homostylous; ovary 1-locular; ovule 1, orthotropous, placentation basal; styles 3, distinct; stigmas capitate. Achenes brown to black or maroon, homocarpic, winged or unwinged, 3-gonous, less often lenticular or globose-lenticular to globose. Seeds: embryo straight or curved.