Compilation
Hibiscus sp.

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Name

Identification
Hibiscus sp. [family MALVACEAE ]
Related name
  • Hibiscus sp.

Flora

Entry for Hibiscus cannabinus L. [family MALVACEAE]
Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)
Collection
Flora Zambesiaca
Resource Type
Reference Sources
Entry From
FZ, Vol 1, Part 2, page 420, (1961) Author: A. W. Exell
Names
Hibiscus sabdariffa [family MALVACEAE], sensu Mendonça & Torre, tom. cit.: 11 (1950).
Hibiscus sp. [family MALVACEAE], — Garcia, torn. cit.: 41 (1946) quoad specim. coll. Dr. Braga.
Hibiscus henriquesii P. Lima [family MALVACEAE], in Brotéria, Sér. Bot., 19: 138 (1921). Type: Mozambique, Niassa, near Palma, fl. & fr. 14.viii.1916, Lima 24 (PO, holotype).
Hibiscus cannabinus L. [family MALVACEAE], Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1149 (1759). — Harv. in Harv. & Sond., F.C. 1: 176 (1860). — Mast. in Oliv., F.T.A. 1: 204 (1868). — Hochr. in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève, 4: 114 (1900). — Bak. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 27 (1911) — Ulbr. & Fr. in R.E.Fr., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1: 145 (1914). — Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 3, 2: 400, fig. 188 (1921). — Burtt Davy, F.P.F.T. 2: 280 (1932) pro parte. — Exell & Mendonça, C.F.A. 1, 1: 168 (1937). — Garcia in Bol Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 20: 39 (1946). — Mendonça & Torre, Contr. Conhec. Fl. Moçamb. 1: 12 (1950) pro parte. — Suesseng. in Proc. & Trans. Rhod. Sci. Ass. 43: 102 (1951) pro parte. — Wild, Guide Fl. Vict. Falls: 147 (1953); Common Rhod. Weeds: fig. 41 (1955). — Martineau, Rhod. Wild Fl.: 49 (1954) pro parte. — Williamson, Useful Pl. Nyasal.: 65 (1955). — Keay, F.W.T.A. ed. 2, 1, 2: 347 (1958). Type a specimen cultivated at Uppsala, probably of Indian origin.
Information
Annual herb up to c. 2 m. tall; stems aculeate with small rather sparse prickles usually pointing upwards, otherwise nearly glabrous or with a longitudinal line of crisped pubescence changing its radial position at each node. Leaf-lamina up to c. 15 × 15 cm., usually suborbicular in outline, scaberulous or almost glabrous with a few minute prickles on the nerves, 3–7-palmatisect to palmate-lobed, often somewhat pedate (usually nearly entire in seedlings and sometimes near the apex of the stems), apex acute, margin serrate or dentate, rarely subentire, base broadly cuneate to shallowly cordate, usually with a prominent gland on the under surface near the base of the midrib, lobes elliptic to entire; petiole up to 22 cm. long, hairy like the stems; stipules 4·5 mm. long, narrowly linear to filiform, very caducous (rarely seen on dried specimens). Flowers up to 10 cm. in diam., usually pale yellow, whitish or greyish, with purple centre, solitary, axillary or in racemes by the reduction of the upper leaves; peduncle 2–6 mm. long, aculeate or setose. Epicalyx of 7–8 bracts, bracts up to 18 mm. long, linear, joined for about 2 mm. at the base. Calyx up to 20·5 cm. long, 10-nerved, setose; lobes long, acuminate (sometimes subcaudate), joined for up to 5 mm. at the base, aculeate or setose outside especially near the margin, margin sometimes with a woolly tomentum, usually with a prominent gland 1·5–2 mm. in diam. on the midrib. Petals up to 6 × 4·5 cm., obovate, pubescent outside, glabrous within. Staminal tube up to 23 mm. long; free parts of filaments 1–2 mm. long. Style-branches 2–3·5 mm. long. Capsule up to 20 × 15 mm., ovoid-acuminate, appressed-setose. Seeds 3–3·5 × 1·5–2·5 mm., irregularly subreniform, minutely faveolate.
Habitat
Usually found as a weed of arable and waste land.
Range
Widespread in tropical and subtropical regions
Distribution
Mozambique M between Umbeluzi and Makola, fl. & fr. 27.xii.1955, Lemos 126 (LMJ).Mozambique MS Vila Machado, fl. 18.iv.1948, Mendonça 4008 (BM, LISC).Mozambique GI between Chissano and Chibuto, Maniquenique, fl. & fr. 8.vii.1948, Myre 46 (BM; LM).Mozambique T Km. 148 on the railway, fr. 18.v.1948, Mendonça 4308 (LISC).Mozambique Z between He and Mugeba, fl. & fr. 26.vi.1943, Torre 5576 (LISC).Malawi S Zomba, fl. ix.1891, Whyte (BM).Zimbabwe S Belingwe Distr., Mataga sale pens, fl. & fr. iv.1958, Davies 2472 (SRGH).Malawi C Mua-Livulezi Forest, fr. 26.vii.1956, Adlard 215 (K).Zimbabwe E Odzani R., fl. iii.1935, Gilliland 1721 (BM).Zambia S Mapanza Mission, fl. & fr. 26.iv.1953, Robinson 184 (K).Zambia C Chilanga Distr., Quien Sabe Ranch, 1100 m., fr. ix.1929, Sandwith 190 (K).Zambia W Mufulira, 1220 m., fl. & fr. 18.iv.1948, Cruse 257 (K).Mozambique N between Mogincual and Quixaxe, fl. & fr. 27.vii.1948, Pedro & Pedrógão 4688 (LMJ).Zimbabwe C Hartley Distr., Poole Farm, fl. & fr. 15.iv.1950, Hornby 370 (BM; SRGH).Malawi N Nyika Plateau, 1830–2130 m., Whyte (K).Zambia N Abercorn, 1675 m., fl. & fr. 12.v.1952, Siame 24A (BM).Botswana N Kwebe Hills, fl. 7.iii.1898, Lugard 213 (K).
Notes
Grown as a fibre-plant, especially in India, and commercially in our area as a jute substitute under the name kenaf. The leaves and flowers are sometimes cooked and eaten as vegetables.One specimen (N. Rhodesia, Solwezi, Milne-Redhead 472A (K; PRE)), named H. furcatus Roxb. at Kew, may be an introduction from India, as suggested; it appears to be H. cannabinus in nearly every respect except for having forked epicalyx-bracts.

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