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Information Leaves and peduncular-sheath not seen. Peduncle 14–18 in. high, about 1/2 lin. thick, distinctly 4–6-angled, hollow, glabrous. Spike 3–4 lin. long, 2 1/2–3 lin. thick, ellipsoid, about 10-flowered. Bracts 2–2 1/2 lin. long, 1 1/2 lin. broad, elliptic, very obtuse, not keeled, concave, glabrous, rather light brown with a distinct greyish lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong dorsal area; nerves numerous, much reticulated. Lateral sepals 2 1/2 lin. long, 1/4– 1/3 lin. broad, falcate-linear, acute, keeled, brown, paler towards the margins; keel not produced at the apex, serrulate along the apical half, with the teeth often ending in a fine hair. Corolla not seen.

Information Perennial herb forming loose clumps. Leaves 8–15(–40) cm. long, 3–4 mm. wide; sheaths lightly furrowed, brown, glabrous, with narrow scarious margins; ligule acute, ± 1 mm. long; lamina linear, glabrous, smooth or minutely rugulose on one surface, dark- speckled when dry; apex acute, straight or slightly incurved, serrulate, sometimes with a group of small finger-like hairs at the extreme tip. Peduncles 20–50(–85) cm. long, 1–1.5 mm. in diameter, terete with 4–6 longitudinal ridges, glabrous; spike subspherical to broadly ellipsoid, up to 8 mm. long, 8 mm. in diameter, at maturity, reddish brown; the four outermost sterile bracts very broadly ovate, ± 2 mm. long and wide, apex rounded; other sterile bracts broadly ovate, 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, coriaceous, reddish brown with a very distinct grey central area, margins laciniate-ciliate, apex rounded, sometimes with a distinct tuft of arachnose hairs, later glabrous; fertile bracts similar but larger, 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals arcuate, 4.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, keel ciliate-dentate, sometimes with an apical tuft of hairs; corolla yellow, tube ± 3 mm. long, lobes oblong, ± 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, dentate at the apex. Stamens ± 1 mm. long; anther 0.5 mm. long, lobes spreading below; staminodes small bunches of hairs. Ovary oblong, ± 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm.; style 4 mm. long, 3-branched in upper third; stigmas many- lobed. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid, ± 1 mm. long, 0.25 mm. in diameter, with numerous irregular longitudinal ridges or reticulations. Fig. 1/9.

Information A perennial herb about 2 ft. highin sandy moist places; flowers yellow, rather large, in hard heads at first round and becoming ovoid, cone-like; bracts firm with large grey dorsal patch.

Information Leaves not seen. Peduncular-sheath 2 1/2 in. (or more?) long, terminated by a linear acute leaf 2 in. long, 2/3 lin. broad, glabrous. Peduncle 1 1/2–2 ft. long, 1/2– 3/4 lin. thick, somewhat compressed, 2-edged, hollow, glabrous, striate (from shrinkage?). Spike 3 lin. long, 2–2 1/2 lin. thick, ellipsoid or ovoid, 7–12-flowered. Bracts spirally imbricate one above another, 2 1/4–2 1/2 lin. long, 1 1/2 lin. broad, coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, entire, sometimes apiculate, light chestnut-brown, the inner with a stout usually dark green keel; nerves very indistinct, very slender and irregular. Lateral sepals 1 3/4–2 lin. long, 1/2 lin. broad, falcate-lanceolate, obtuse, boat-shaped, brown along the back, fading to light yellowish-brown on the sides; keel winged, minutely ciliolate along the middle part only, not produced at the apex. Flowers not seen. Capsule obovoid, trigonous.

Information Annual or short-lived perennial herb forming loose clumps. Leaves linear, up to 24 cm. long, 3 mm. wide; sheaths 2–2.5 cm. long, brown with broad membranous margins, rather abruptly narrowing distally; ligule short; lamina linear, flattened, glabrous, smooth; apex acute, weakly asymmetric, pale brown, solid. Peduncles up to 42 cm. long, ± 1.5 mm. in diameter, terete, minutely punctate, longitudinally grooved; peduncle-sheaths similar to the leaf-sheaths; apex with a tuft of blunt hairs which fall off easily; spike obovoid at maturity, up to 1.2 cm. long, 1 cm. in diameter towards the base; sterile bracts membranous, ovate, acute, whitish with a pale brown minutely papillose keel, 7.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; fertile bracts ovate, acute, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, pale shining brown, keel papillose, darker brown with a narrowly elliptic pale central papillose mark ± 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, margins irregularly ciliate-dentate above. Lateral sepals arcuate, pale brown, strongly keeled, the keel regularly dentate along almost its whole length. Corolla, androecium and gynoecium not known. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, 0.4 mm. long, 0.3 mm. in diameter, with 10–12 longitudinal ridges.