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Information Erect or ascending perennial herb up to 1 m high, sometimes scrambling, often with slen­der shoots from a woody base, up to 50 mm in diameter. Stems often rooting at lower nodes, with long, dense, patent, often pale golden yel­low hairs, glabrescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, 60-125 x 40-70 mm, apical tooth longer than broad, base broadly cuneate, mar­gin with 10-23 pairs of teeth, both surfaces with fairly dense scattered hairs, these denser on veins of lower surface; petiole slender, (20-)40-80 mm long, densely patent-hairy; stipules prominent, lanceolate, 5-10 x 1.5-3.0 mm, membranous, persistent, apex attenuate and recurved, base sessile and cordate, with long hairs on margin and midrib. Female flow­ers hairy, ± 2 mm long. Male flowers with perianth deeply 4-lobed, acuminate, hairy, ± 2.5 mm long. Achenes fusiform, 1.5-2.5 mm long, enclosed in hairy accrescent perianth; seed pale cream, smooth, glistening.

Information Perennial plant from a woody rhizome; stems up to c. 1 m tall, slightly woody at the base, covered by an indumentum of short, erect hairs; bark greyish brown. Leaves: stipules lanceolate, up to 7 mm long; petiole pubescent, up to 7 cm long; blade ovate, 4–8 x 3–5 cm, base cuneate or rounded, margin coarsely serrate, apex acuminate, with scattered stiff hairs above and softer hairs on the nerves below. Inflorescences dense clusters of flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, with narrowly triangular bracts. Male flowers on c. 1.5 mm long pedicel, globose, c. 1 mm in diam., 3–4-merous, vestigial ovary present. Female flowers c. 2 mm long, with an equally long erect filiform stigma. Achene enclosed in the persisting perianth, c. 2.5 mm long, shiny, white.

Information Perennial shrub, growing in forest or under tree-shade; stems 3–6 ft. high, terete, reddish-brown with thin separable bark and about 1/4 in. thick, erect or ascending with long slender erect branches which are herbaceous, at any rate in the upper part, and hirtellous or pubescent, lower nodes bare. Leaves long- to shorter-stalked, ovate, ovate-elliptic, sometimes roundly ovate, acuminate, base cuneate to rounded, rarely truncate, entire, the rest of the margin crenate-serrate, 2–4 1/2 in. long, 1 1/4–2 3/4 in. wide, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves passing well above the middle generally into the upper third of the blade, with two upper lateral nerves on each side; upper face sparsely hispidly hairy and dotted with whitish cystoliths, more or less pubescent beneath especially on the somewhat prominent slender nerves; petiole slender, pubescent, generally between 3/4 and 2 in. long. Stipules brown, glumaceous, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, 3–5 lin. long, with long hairs on the well-marked midrib and margin, persistent and forming an involucre for the axillary inflorescence. Flower-clusters 2–3 lin. in diam., consisting of numerous short-stalked male and a few sessile female. Male perianth campanulate, about 1 lin. long, divided to about the middle into 4 (sometimes 3) ovate shortly mucronate-acuminate segments, puberulous on the back. Stigma slender, longer than the perianth, soon falling. Fruiting perianth broadly ovoid, acute, a little over 1 lin. long, puberulous especially in the upper part, longitudinally nerved, closely investing the white polished achene.

Information Perennial herb from a woody rhizome. Stems erect or ascending sometimes scrambling, up to c. 1 m. tall, slightly woody at the base, up to c. 5 cm. in diam., covered by a dense indumentum of short, erect hairs, bark greyish brown; ± prostrate stems often rooting at the nodes. Leaves alternate, 4–8(10) x 3–5 cm., ovate to lanceolate; apex acuminate; base cuneate, rounded, or subcordate; margin coarsely serrate; upper surface of lamina with scattered, stiff hairs and punctiform cystoliths, lower surface glabrescent with softer hairs on the nerves. Petiole pubescent, up to 7 cm. long. Stipules lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long. Inflorescences of densely clustered flowers in the axils of the upper leaves, bracts narrowly triangular. Male flowers numerous, pedicels c. 1.5 mm. long; perianth globose, c. 1 mm. in diam., 3–4-merous, vestigial ovary present. Female flowers fewer, sessile; perianth c. 2 mm. long, with 10 faint longitudinal lines; ovary enclosed, stigma erect, 2–4 mm. long, filiform, exserted. Achene c. 2.5 mm. long, shiny, white, enclosed in the persistent perianth.