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Information Rhizome c. 6 mm. in diam., short, creeping, with tufted fronds and with linear attenuate entire black rhizome-scales up to 4 mm. long with pale-brown margins. Stipe ebeneous, up to 30 cm. long, terete, glabrous except for a few hairs similar to the rhizome-scales at the base. Frond erect to arching, thinly to thickly coriaceous. Lamina up to 43 x 25 cm., narrowly ovate to ovate or triangular in outline, 2-pinnate; pinnules 0.6–5.4 x 0.4–5.2 cm., rotund to broadly hastate with 3–5 acute or obtuse points, entire, glaucous, glabrous on both surfaces, articulate at the apex of the ebeneous petiolules 0.5–26 mm. long; veins free, obscure; rhachis and secondary rhachises ebeneous, terete, glabrous. Sori forming a marginal soral line up to 1.2 mm. broad at maturity; indusium continuous, entire, membranous.

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Information Leaf-blade narrowly ovate to triangular in outline, up to 43 x 25 cm, 2-pinnate; pinnules rounded to broadly hastate with 3–5 acute or obtuse points, articulated at the apex of the petiolule, glaucous, glabrous; veins free; rhachis and up to 30 cm long petiole black, glabrous.

Information Ultimate pinnules small, not attaining 3 cm long and 4 cm wide.

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Information Rhizome erect or shortly creeping, with lanceolate scales 4–10 mm long, black in centre with chestnut or pale margins. Fronds 10–30, tufted, 5–50 cm tall; stipe 1–16(–30) cm tall; stipe and rhachis black, glabrous or finely orange-brown puberulous on upper surface; lamina blue-green, glaucous, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly triangular in outline, 13–43 cm long, 5.5–25 cm wide, (1–)2-pinnate, often the lower pinnae 2-pinnate, hence lamina incompletely 3-pinnate; very young plants have a single round pinnule; pinnae oblong in outline, 1.5–6 cm long with (1–)3–11 pinnules, the stalks (2–)5–12 mm long; upper pinnae reduced to 1 pinnule; ultimate pinnules triangular, elliptic or ± round, often slightly hastate to distinctly hastate, 0.6–5.4 cm long, 0.4–5.2 cm wide; stalklets black, 0.5–26 mm long; veins free but not visible without clearing. Sori and indusium continuous.

Information Plants terrestrial or epilithic. Rhizome short-decumbent, closely branched, densely set with roots, crowded stipe bases, hairs, and scales, hairs pluricellular, uniseriate, terminating in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 3 mm long, scales concolorous or bicolorous, concolorous scales chartaceus, ferrugineus, bicolorous scales with a crustaceous, castaneus central region, margins chartaceus, ferrugineus, adnate, subulate, apex terminates in a subulate cell or a thin-walled pyriform cell, to 10 mm long, to 1 mm wide. Fronds crowded, caespitose, erect, to 410 mm long, up to 12 per plant; stipe rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, to 150 mm long, to 2 mm in diameter, initially set with hairs and scales similar to those on the rhizome, glabrous later; lamina anadromous, firmly herbaceous to coriaceus, ovate to deltate, to 3-pinnate, to 340 mm long, to 145 mm wide, with up to 13 pinna pairs; rachis and lower order axes rigid, atrocastaneus to black, nitid, terete, glabrous; pinnae petiolate, petiole to 13 mm long, alternate, proximally more widely spaced than distally, overlapping, to 2-pinnate, lower pinnae often basiscopically developed, ovate to rectangular-acute, to 110 mm long, to 50 mm wide, with up to 6 pinnule pairs; pinnules petiolate, petiole to 5 mm long, alternate, spaced to overlapping, to 1-pinnate, ovate, to 45 mm long, to 22 mm wide, with up to 2 segment pairs; segments petiolate, petiole to 1.5 mm long, coriaceus, usually glaucous, alternate, cordate, hastate or pentagonal, entire, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, to 20 mm long, to 20 mm wide, articulated. Venation obscure, repeatedly forked, free in sterile segments. Sori form a continuous line along a marginal vascular commissure; receptacle with 3 to 4-celled, clavate paraphyses, to 0.3 mm long; sporangium long-stalked, simple, 3-seriate below capsule, capsule obovate in lateral view, with (13-)15(-16) indurated annulus cells, epistomium (5-)6(-7)-celled, hypostomium (3-)3(-5)-celled, stomium with 4 to 5 narrow cells with conspicuously thickened walls; indusium membranous, continuous, marginal, entire to shallowly crenulate, to 0.4 mm wide. Spores 32 per sporangium, brown, globose, trilete, rugulose, exospore (46-)52.1(-56) (m in equatorial diameter. Figure 19A & B.