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Information a densely branched shrub, 1–5 ft. high, in habit like a myrtle, leafy, diœcious; leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, opposite, nearly flat or less strongly wavy than in the type, 1/2–1 in. long, 1/10– 1/5 in. broad, glabrous; fruit pisiform, black, glabrous, 1/5 in. in diam., edible, sweet but subastringent. null

Information Evergreen shrub or small tree up to 6 m. tall. Young shoots glabrous except for rusty peltate scales. Leaves usually opposite or subopposite; petiole up to 0·3 cm. long; lamina up to 4 cm. long and 1·5 cm. broad, mostly obovate, oblanceolate or oblanceolate–elliptic, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, base cuneate, but not concave, margin often strongly undulate; lower surface glabrous except for peltate scales; lateral nerves and veins almost invisible. Inflorescence solitary in leaf–axils, unbranched, c. 1 cm. long. Male flowers c. 0·3 cm. long. Calyx patelliform, denticulate, glabrous except for peltate scales. Corolla deeply lobed, widely open at the throat, each lobe with 0–20 (28) strigulose hairs. Stamens c. 16, glabrous or strigulose. Pistillode with 2 simple stylodes. Female flowers without staminodes. Ovary covered with whitish scales, otherwise glabrous. Fruit c. 0·7 cm. diameter. Chromosome number: 2n = 30.

Information a densely branched and leafy shrub, with the habit of a myrtle, 3–7 ft. high, pubescent, subferruginous, or sometimes glabrescent; foliage like that of box; leaves opposite or alternate, elliptic or narrowly ovate, acute or apiculate, and obtuse at the apex, mostly obtuse at the base, coriaceous, rigid, rather thick, flat or wavy, minutely crenulate, or quite entire, 1/2–2 in. long, 1/5–1 in. broad; petioles 1/20– 1/8 in. long; cymes axillary, 3–7-flowered, racemose, 3/10– 3/5 in. long, at length drooping; pedicels 1/20– 1/6 in. long; bracts lanceolate, small, deciduous; flowers diœcious or subhermaphrodite, tetramerous, or occasionally pentamerous, pubescent, 1/10– 1/6 in. long, the female flowers nodding; calyx hemispherical, shortly cleft, 1/20– 1/10 in. long; lobes deltoid; corolla campanulate, cleft half-way down or more, twice as long as the calyx, greenish or whitish-herbaceous; lobes broadly ovate or rounded and apiculate, recurved at the apex; stamens 16 or 20–22 in the male flowers, about 12 in the subhermaphrodite, none in the female; filaments short, slender, glabrous; anthers lanceolate, shortly hairy; ovary shortly conical or ovoid, hairy, 2–4-celled; styles 2, or rarely 3, bifid at the apex, glabrous; stigmas trifid, but little exserted; ovules usually 4; fruit globose, dusky or brown, about 1/5 in. in diam., at first pubescent, at length glabrate, edible, the flesh somewhat astringent; seed solitary, comparatively large, sometimes with vestiges of 2 or 3 abortive ovules. null

Information Trees, shrubs or suffrutices, usually evergreen. Leaves alternate, subopposite or siibverticillate, coriaceous, margin sometimes crenulate, otherwise entire. Inflorescence a simple or branched false raceme, or rarely (not in our area) flowers solitary. Flowers dioecious, the male usually larger than the female. Calyx 4–5–lobed shallowly cyathiform or patelliform, not accrescent. Corolla campanulate, 4–5–lobed, usually to beyond the middle. Stamens 10–30, basically 2 opposite to and 2 alternating with each corolla lobe, but there are many modifications of this arrangement; anthers slightly exserted or at least clearly visible at the throat, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, usually strigulose, often dehiscing at first by large ellipsoidal apical pores which later become longitudinal slits; filaments usually shorter than the anthers. Pistillode usually very reduced, with or without stylodes. Disk fleshy, fimbriate, sometimes undulate. Staminodes absent or very reduced. Ovary globose, hairy or covered with peltate scales, locules usually 4–6 and uniovulate, occasionally 2–3 and incompletely septate and biovulate. Styles 2–3, free or united in lower half, often as long as ovary, usually glabrous, ending in a slightly expanded bilobed stigmatic surface. Fruit a small, globose, 1 (3)–seeded berry up to 1 cm. diameter; mesocarp exiguous. Seed subglobose, with 3 radiating lines from the apex; embryo with cotyledons flexed at right–angles to the radicle; radicle entirely surrounded by an invagination of the testa.

Information Erect dense twiggy evergreen shrubs, 0-75-5m high or trees up to 7 m high with a densely branched canopy, stems or trunks 2-15 cm in diam., bark grey, scaly; branchlets much divided, densely covered with leaves, glabrous except for rust-coloured glands which often cover the young parts giving the surface a rust-brown granular appearance. Leaves subopposite, alternate or in pseudo-whorls at ends of the branches, coriaceous (in texture often resembling old leather), shortly petioled, pale to dark green, paler and often rust-brown below when young, quite glabrous but sparsely to densely covered with rust-coloured glands which give the surface a granular appearance, obovate, oblanceolate, narrowly-elliptic or narrowly oblanceolate; base cuneate; apex obtuse, subobtuse or abruptly narrowed to a rounded tip; nervation indistinct on both surfaces or raised on upper surface, usually not raised on lower surface; margin entire, not revolute, very strongly undulate to practically flat; petioles 1-3 mm long. Inflorescence 5-20 mm long, axillary, glabrous except for rust-coloured, often stalked glands, 5-7-flowered; bracts lanceolate, boat-shaped, glandular. Flowers dioecious, white, greenish-white or cream, fragrant, mostly tetramerous. Male flowers somewhat larger than the females, 3-3 • 5 mm long. Calyx shallowly saucer-shaped, shallowly 4-(5-6-)lobed, glandular on the outside, \ or less of the length of the corolla. Corolla cup-shaped to widely bell-shaped, glabrous or with a few hairs on the lobes; tube cleft halfway or more; lobes 4(5-6), ovate. Stamens 12-20, in 2 rows, often in pairs together; filaments glabrous; anthers lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, hairy at the apex. Ovary rudimentary, situated on a fringed disc, occasionally with 2 glabrous styles and then densely covered with whitish glands. Female flowers smaller than the males, 2-2 • 5 mm long. Calyx saucer-shaped 4-(5-6-)lobed on the rim, glandular outside. Corolla usually campanulate, tube cleft halfway down or more, lobes 4(5-6) usually contorted, as long as or longer than the tube, usually glabrous, occasionally with a few appressed bristles. Staminodes present or absent, star-shaped, hairy upwards. Ovary depressed ovoid, situated on a fringed disc, usually densely covered with white or grey scale-like glands, usually 2-celled due to incomplete septation of two cells with septa present only in the form of a ridge (4-6-celled ovaries also found with the cells complete and a single pendulous ovule in each); styles usually 2, stout, joined at the base, glabrous; stigma obliquely crescent-shaped. Fruit a globose, fleshy berry, 4-6 mm in diam., one-seeded, red, turning purple or black when ripe. Seeds globose, 3-4 mm in diam., divided into three parts by two thin curved lines and a groove; endosperm flinty, pale grey.

Information a glabrous shrub of 1–10 ft. high or a tree of moderate size up to 30 ft. high, densely branched; branches erect or ascending, terete, alternate or opposite; branchlets more or less spreading, opposite or alternate, leafy, minutely glandular towards the apex; bark whitish-grey, somewhat rough; leaves opposite and alternate, evergreen, obovate or oblanceolate, rounded or obtusely narrowed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, coriaceous, strongly wavy along the margin or when narrow nearly flat, entire, green above, pallid beneath, glabrous, minutely gland-dotted, 1/2–1 1/2 in. long, 1/5– 3/5 in. broad, narrower in the variety; lateral veins not very conspicuous, numerous; petioles 1/25– 1/10 in. long; racemes axillary; bracts deciduous, occasionally large and foliaceous; flowers diœcious, tetramerous. Male flowers hemispherical, nearly glabrous, 1/10 in. long; racemes lax, 5–7-flowered, 2/5– 4/5 in. long; pedicels slender, 1/10– 1/4 in. long; calyx broadly cup-shaped, short, cleft half-way down; lobes deltoid and pointed; corolla cleft more than half-way down; lobes oval; stamens 10–15, mostly in pairs; filaments slender, 1/100– 1/50 in. long; anthers oblong or obovate-oblong, apiculate, 1/20– 1/16 in. long, with a few hairs towards the apex; ovary rudimentary, hairy; styles 2. Female flowers campanulate, 3/40– 1/10 in. long, nearly glabrous; racemes 3–8-flowered, suberect in flower, drooping in fruit, 1/4– 1/2 in. long; pedicels mostly opposite, more or less patent in open flower and fruit, 3/40– 1/10 in. long; bracteoles narrow, small, deciduous; calyx campanulate, cleft scarcely half-way down, 1/30 in. long, not accrescent; lobes deltoid; corolla deeply cleft; segments oblong, more or less recurved near the apex, pale chestnut colour; staminodes 0; ovary ovoid, 2–4-celled, 1/25 in. long, 1/30 in. in diam., glabrous above, with some short whitish slender hairs around the base; ovules 4, oblong; styles 2, united at the base, 1/20 in. long, glabrous; stigmas 2, bifid at the apex; fruit globose, purple or red, or at length black, glabrous, edible, 1/6– 1/5 in. in diam., 1- or 2-celled, at length 1-celled and 1-seeded; seed 1/6 in. in diam.; albumen equable. null

Information Robust terrestrial herb 45–70 cm tall; tubers cylindrical, villous.Stem leafy, the lowest 2 ± sheathing, the remainder 7.5–9.5 × 2–3 cm, ovate, acute, usually ± withered by flowering time.Inflorescence densely many-flowered.Pedicel and ovary 3.5–5.5 cm long; bracts 3–3.5 × 1 cm, ovate, acuminate.Flowers green and white.Dorsal sepal 16–18 × 12–13 mm, ovate, acute, very convex; lateral sepals 18–24 mm long, obliquely ovate, rolled lengthways.Petals 2-lobed, both lobes narrowly linear; upper lobe 16–18 mm long, lower lobe 20–25 mm long.Lip 38–45 mm long over all, joined to the stigmatic arms for c. 8 mm at base.Mid-lobe 24–35 mm long; side lobes 18–30 mm long, all lobes filiform.Spur 3–5 cm long, slender, swollen at apex.Stigmatic arms 15–20 mm long; anther canals 8 mm long.

Information A completely glabrous biennal 0·75-1·30 m. high, succulent ± pulverulent with white, sticky powder. Stem single, arising from the rosette of leaves of the previous year, simple, erect, stout, terete, up to 2·5 cm. in diameter at the base and ±1·25 cm. in diameter below the inflorescence, smooth, leafless below at flowering time and marked there with the very close scars of fallen leaves. Leaves decussate, denser towards the base of the stem, obtuse or rounded at the top, entire, sometimes with pinkish margin, sessile, connate at the base and semi-amplexicaul, slightly decurrent, thick, fleshy, concave on the upper face, somewhat convex on the under one, the lower 7-17·5 x 7-12·5 cm., obovate or obovate-spathulate, the median and the upper ones successively smaller, oblong or spathulate. Flowers erect in ± dense axillary erect cymes forming a terminal thyrsoid panicle up to 30 cm. long and ± 8 cm. in diameter; pedicels 6·6-12 mm; long, somewhat thick. Calyx-tube 1-1·5 mm. high; sepals 3-5·5(7) x 2-2·7 mm., ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or nearly obtuse. Corolla-tube 11·5-15 mm. long and 6-7 mm. in diameter, suburceolate or ovoid-oblong, slightly contracted at the top, terete towards the base, distinctly 4-angular upwards, yellow or glaucous, pale and scarious-papyraceous on drying; corolla-lobes 3·25-5 x 3-4·5 mm., ovate to suborbicular, obtuse or rounded at the top, obsoletely apiculate, golden-yellow on the inner face, reflexed. Filaments of the upper (oppositipetalous) stamens 1·5-2 mm. long, inserted 1 mm. below the base of corolla-lobes, those of the lower ones (alternipetalous) c. 1 mm. long, inserted c. 1·5 below the sinuses between the corolla-lobes; anthers 1·3-1·4 mm. long, broadly ovate to subcircular, emarginate at the base, apiculate, those of the upper stamens completely exserted, the others included or their apices slightly above the sinuses of the corolla-lobes. Follicles (12·5)13·5-15 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate; styles (1-5)2-5-3 mm., partially exserted. Scales (1·75)2-3 x (1)1·25-2 mm., rectangular, emarginate. Seeds ± 0-3 mm., rounded at the top, longitudinally ribbed.